Module 1 Basketball

Grammar

Grammar---Activity 1 Read the sentences and answer the questions.

• a) averaged/average: in the first sentence “averaged” is a verb describing what Chamberlain did; in the second sentence “average” is a noun telling us what we are talking about.

score/score: in the first sentence “score” is part of “to score” the infinitive of the verb telling us what Jordan did; in the second sentence “score” is a noun telling us what we are talking about.

• b) No, it doesn’t.

Grammar ---Do Activity 2 and 3

• Activity 2

1 win

2 a surprise

3. a change

• Activity 3

1 verb: dream

2 noun: result

3 noun: star

4 verb: worked

5 noun: questions

Grammar ---Do Activity 4 and 5

• Activity 4

1 broke

2 head

3 record

4 played

5 headed

6 recorded

7 play

8 break

• Activity 5

1 don’t change: drink; walk;

2 change:

watch; mind; plan;

Summary--- 构词法• 合成 combination

• 派生 derivation ---prefix ， suffix

• 转化 conversion

• 缩写简写 short form

词的转化 (Conversion)• 1) 名词转化为动词 paper — to paper the room

mouth — to mouth some phrases

shoulder — to shoulder the heavy load

bandage — to bandage the leg

• 2) 动词转化为名词 to say something — to have a say

to show — to give a show

to feel — to have a feel to

lead — to take a lead

• 3) 形容词转化为动词 empty — to empty the bag

wrong — to wrong somebody

slow — to slow down

better — to better your study

• 4 ) 副词转化为动词 back — to back a car

down — to down a plane

near — to near the temple

forward — to forward a message

• 5) 形容词转化为名词 calm — a calm on the sea

high — a new high of the industry

good — a lot of good

right — to tell right from wrong

n.---v. Adj.---v. Adj.----n. Adj---advchair, hand,wound, picture,taste, land,cook, step, book, sort,back, guard,name, heat,seat

better, empty,cool, slowclear,dirtyspare,busydry,wetcalm, own

cold, back,noble

hard,earlywell,widefast,last

• 有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化• export / ' ekspo:t/ n. 出口 /ik'spo :t/ v.出口• import / ' impo :t/ n. 进口 /im'po:t/ v.进口• permit / ' p ә ：mit/ n. 许可证 /p ə 'mit/ v. 准许• present / ' prez ə nt/ n. 礼物 ／ pri ' zent/ v. 赠送• increase / ' inkri:s/ n.增加 /in'kri:s/ v. 增加

Grammar 2---Do Activity 1 and 2• Activity 1

1. beautiful

2. careful

3. hopeful

4. painful

5. powerful

6. wonderful

• Activity 2

1 powerful

2 painful

3 careful

4 hopeful

5 wonderful

Grammar2---Do Activity 3• 1 It means that it is "full" of that quality,

e.g. hopeful = full of hope

2 It is without the quality described by the noun, e.g. hopeless = without hope

3 power, hope, care, pain

4 endless — limited;

homeless — home-owning;

selfless — selfish;

worthless — valuable

Grammar 2---Do Activity 4

• artistic

• athletic

• dramatic

• energetic

• fantastic

Grammar 2---Activity 5• 1 In the floor exercises in gymnastics you

have to be athletic and artistic.

• 2 You have to be very energetic to be a professional sportsman or woman.

• 3 Some football matches are very dramatic, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs.

• 4 When your team wins a cup, it's a fantastic feeling.

Summary• 通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词叫

词的派生。本册主要出现了名词后缀构成形容词的用法。归纳如下

• 名词后加 -ful power—powerful; hope—hopeful; wonder—wonderful; pain—painful; beauty—beautiful; help—helpful; care—careful

• 名词后加 -less

end—endless;

home—homeless;

care—careless;

fear—fearless• 名词后加 -ic

history—historic;

artist—artistic;

fantasy—fantastic;

drama—dramatic;

poet—poetic

• 名词后加 -al nation—national; environment—environmental • 名词后加 -ive act—active; expense—expensive • 名词后加 -ous fame—famous; courage—courageous • 名词后加 -able comfort—comfortable; reason—reasonable

• 名词后加 -ible sense—sensible; response—responsible• 名词后加 -y rain—rainy; sun—sunny; cloud—cloudy; wind—windy• 名词后加 -ly friend—friendly; month—monthly

• 后缀是派生的一种形式，能使词类转变。最常见的后缀为

• -ful, -less, -ible, -ive, -ish, -ic, -ary, -ous, -er, -or, -tion, -ism, -ship, -ness, -ing, -ment, -hood, -ance, -ess,-ee,-eer