module 1: microsoft windows 2000 networking services infrastructure overview

Module 1: Microsoft Windows 2000

Networking Services Infrastructure Overview

Overview

Introduction to Networking Services Design

Microsoft Windows 2000 Networking Services

Translating Organizational Goals into a Design

To develop an effective networking services infrastructure, you must be able to analyze the organizational goals and translate them into specific design strategies.

In your networking services design, you must take into account the existing infrastructure. You will base all of your design decisions on the existing infrastructure. In addition, your design must be easily managed so that the organization is able to maintain the infrastructure operation within design specifications.

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

Describe the process for designing the networking services infrastructure

Identify the Microsoft® Windows® 2000 networking services that make up a networking services infrastructure

Describe the design aspects used to translate organizational goals into a networking services design

The cycle used for deploying networking services into a network consists of three main phases. You can further divide each phase of the deployment cycle into specific decisions. The characteristics of an organization make each network deployment cycle slightly different.

Design

A comprehensive design consists of several essential decisions. The selection of networking services is one of the decisions that requires knowledge of the existing infrastructure and current organizational goals.

After you select the networking services to include in your design, you must consider how to combine the services. You need to combine the networking services to improve the administration and performance of the network.

Finally, you must decide on a management strategy that ensures the design specifications are met on a day-to-day basis. Your management strategy must also specify actions taken, if any, when the network fails to meet the design specifications.

Implement

After your design is created and satisfactorily tested, the network design is ready for implementation. During this phase of the process, the network is configured to meet the specifications of the design. Management processes are put into place to collect information, and the network operation begins.

Manage

During this phase of the process, you begin collecting data on the day-to-day operation of the network. The data that you collect allows you to determine which actions are required to maintain the network within design specifications. If the network characteristics significantly differ from the design specifications, you may need to redesign the solution.


Designing the Network Foundation

Designing Internet Connectivity

Designing Remote Access Connectivity

Creating an Integrated Networking Services Infrastructure Design

Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server offers a number of networking services. These services were developed to address specific requirements within an organization.

You can create a networking services solution to fulfill the connectivity needs of your organization. To design a solution, you must translate the goals of your organization into functional requirements and specifications.

Each of the networking services implemented by Windows 2000 addresses a different set of requirements. Some are fundamental, such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is required when you plan to implement the Windows 2000 Active Directory™ directory service. Other networking services, such as Routing and Remote Access, address more specific needs like providing remote user connectivity.

In this lesson you will learn about the following topics:

Designing the network foundation

Designing Internet connectivity

Designing remote access connectivity

Creating an integrated networking services infrastructure design


Name?

IP Address

TCP/IPNetwork

Base Protocol Support: TCP/IP

Networking Services: DHCP, DNS, WINS


The foundation of your networking services design is based upon services that are common to all designs. These networking services provide support for an addressing structure, automated client configuration, and name resolution services.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP is an industry-standard, vendor-independent routable protocol. Many of the services provided in Windows 2000, such as WINS, DNS, Active Directory, or Internet Information Services (IIS), require TCP/IP.

DHCP

For TCP/IP networks, managing TCP/IP configurations manually can be a time-consuming task that is prone to errors. DHCP automates and manages the TCP/IP configuration of the computers on the network, including the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server addresses, and WINS server addresses. DHCP reduces the administrative overhead associated with TCP/IP configuration.

DNS

DNS provides domain name resolution within the network. This allows computers within the network to use a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), such as www.microsoft.com. DNS resolves an FQDN to an IP address. FQDNs allow network designers to create meaningful resource names and implement DNS designs for resolving those names. DNS resolves FQDNs by querying a DNS database for a matching entry that relates FQDNs to IP addresses.

WINS

One of the most popular peer-to-peer communications application programming interfaces (APIs) is the network basic input/output system (NetBIOS) API. Earlier versions of Windows networking used NetBIOS as a communications API. As with DNS FQDNs, NetBIOS names must be resolved to IP addresses for network connections to occur. WINS is a NetBIOS name resolution service that resolves NetBIOS resource names to IP addresses.

In Windows 2000, WINS is needed to support previous clients such as those running Microsoft Windows NT® version 4.0, Windows for Workgroups, or Microsoft Windows 95 without the Active Directory client. In addition, any applications that use NetBIOS for peer-to-peer communications rely on WINS for name resolution. WINS is also required to resolve NetBIOS resource names that are created on a server cluster.

Designing Internet Connectivity

InternetInternet Intranet

NAT

Microsoft Proxy Server

NAT

Proxy Server

The Internet provides tremendous opportunity for organizations to communicate through means previously impossible. However, Internet connectivity exposes the private network to risks that were not present when private networks were isolated. The Network Address Translation (NAT) protocol and Microsoft Proxy Server 2.0 are two networking services that provide organizations secured access to the Internet.

NAT

NAT, a protocol found in the Routing and Remote Access feature of Windows 2000, simplifies the Internet connection of all computers that are on a single subnet network. NAT provides Internet connectivity in solutions where simplistic implementation and management are necessary. NAT provides a method of securing the private network that are adequate to protect resources that are not available to Internet users.

Microsoft Proxy Server

Microsoft Proxy Server 2.0 allows organizations to control the exchange of information between their private network and the Internet. You can include Proxy Server like a firewall in your design to protect the private network. In addition, you can include Proxy Server in your design to improve the performance of Internet access through existing connections. You can enhance the availability of your Proxy Server solution by including Proxy Server arrays.

Designing Remote Access Connectivity

Remote UserRemote User• Dial-Up Remote Access• Client Authentication• Phone Book Service

• Dial-Up Remote Access• Client Authentication• Phone Book Service

IP Routing

Remote Access

RADIUS

Windows 2000 provides a comprehensive solution for remote access and routing requirements. In your network designs, include the routing services to connect private networking segments within a geographic location or between locations over public networks, such as the Internet. You include the remote access services in your design so that remote users can connect to the private network by using authenticated and encrypted connections.

IP Routing

Windows 2000 provides IP routing by using the Routing and Remote Access feature. Routing and Remote Access supports static routing and dynamic routing protocols. When you are connecting remote locations over nonpersistent connections, you can include demand-dial routing in your network design. You can secure the communications over public networks by using a variety of encryption algorithms.

Remote Access

When your design requires remote user access to the private network, you can also include Routing and Remote Access. You can create remote access solutions that include dial-up or virtual private network (VPN) connections to the private network. You can secure the user credentials and confidential data by using a variety of authentication methods and encryption algorithms.

RADIUS

To support a variety of remote access servers, or outsource remote access connectivity to an Internet service provider (ISP), you can include Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) in your network design. RADIUS is an industry standard protocol that provides user authorization, authentication, and accounting services for distributed dial-up networks. You would include Routing and Remote Access and Internet Authentication Service (IAS) in your design to provide a complete RADIUS solution.

Creating an Integrated Networking Services Infrastructure Design

Designing Management Strategies

Collecting data

Analyzing data

Responding to service variations

Combining Services

Providing Networking Solutions for Organizations

The selection of networking services is an essential decision when creating your networking services infrastructure. Your final design must produce a network that is manageable and clearly identifies the criteria for ensuring that the security, availability, and performance of the network are maintained.

Designing Management Strategies

The objective of your management strategy is to ensure that the criteria specified in your networking services design are reflected in the actual network.

The following are the major categories to include in your management design:

Collecting data. Provides the required information on network status

Analyzing data. Evaluates the information specified in data collection against design specification.

Responding to service variations. Acts to bring the services back into compliance with design specification.

Combining Services

You can combine multiple networking services on a single computer running Windows 2000 to simplify the network and to use hardware resources efficiently. When you dedicate individual computers to a single networking service, you increase the number of computers in the design. As the number of computers in your design increases, the administration and ongoing support for the network becomes more complex and unmanageable.

Providing Networking Solutions for Organizations

When you create your networking services design, remember that your design is the platform for the connectivity and protocol requirements of the organization. You include multiple networking services into your design to:

Establish a network foundation.

Provide access to public networks.

Include connectivity for remote users and locations.

Support network-based applications and authentication methods.


Design AspectDesign Aspect Is Achieved When the DesignIs Achieved When the Design

Functionality Fulfills the basic reason for implementing the technology.

Security Ensures the confidentiality of data.

Availability Provides access to the technology for a high percentageof the time.

Performance Provides response times specified by the design requirements.

The organizational goals drive the requirements of your networking services infrastructure. Your challenge is to translate the organizational goals into design criteria, which you can divide into the following design aspects: functionality, security, availability, and performance.

Some designs may have criteria affecting all design aspects, whereas other designs may incorporate only functionality and security aspects. When you evaluate or create a design, you need to remember to consider each of these design aspects.

Functionality

Your design is functional when the design fulfills the basic reason for implementing the networking service. For example, if a remote access server allows users to connect to private network resources, your remote access design is functional.

Functionality is independent of the other categories. Your design may be functional but not secure or highly available, or it may not meet performance criteria. When reviewing a design, you must evaluate the functionality requirements of the design first. If your design is not functional, the remaining design aspects are irrelevant.

Security

The security aspect of your design ensures the confidentiality of data. Your design is secure when only authorized users are provided access to confidential data.

Security is based on the functionality aspects of your design, but is independent of the availability and performance aspects. Your design may be secure but not highly available, or it may not meet performance criteria. Organizations should perform a risk analysis to establish those security aspects that must be addressed in any design projects. Set priorities for essential security elements to ensure that the design meets or exceeds the organization's minimum expected security standards.

Availability

Your design is available to the extent that users have access to the functionality that is provided by the networking service. You calculate availability by measuring the percentage of time that users have access to the service. The higher the availability, the higher the ratio between uptime and downtime provided by the service.

Availability is based on the functionality aspects of your design, but is independent of the security and performance aspects. Your design may be highly available but not secure, or it may not meet performance criteria.

Performance

The performance aspect of your design is based on response times specified by the organization's goals. The performance of a networking service is typically driven by real-world events that must occur within a period of time, such as purchasing a product from an e-commerce Internet site.

Performance is based on the functionality aspects of your design, but is independent of the security and availability aspects. Your design may exceed the performance criteria of the design but not be secure or exhibit high availability.

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