Microsoft Virtual AcademyModule 2

Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role

Module Overview

Installing the Hyper-V RoleManaging Hyper-VConfiguring Hyper-V Settings• Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server RoleServer Platforms That Provide Hyper-VHyper-V and Virtual Machine ScalabilityHyper-V ArchitectureConsiderations for Disk and StorageConsiderations for NetworkingConsiderations for High Availability• Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V• Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems:

• Include Hyper-V and other roles• GUI and command-line management• Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights

• Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system

• Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system

• Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer:• Includes only the Hyper-V role• Command-line management only (if managed locally)• Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately

• Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:

• Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high availability or live migration

Hyper-V and Virtual Machine ScalabilitySystem Resource Windows Server

2012 R2

Server

Logical processors 320

Physical memory 4 TB

Virtual processors per server 2,048

Virtual machine

Virtual processors per virtual machine 64

Memory per virtual machine 1 TB

Running virtual machines per server 1,024

Virtual disk size 64 TB

Failover cluster

Nodes per failover cluster 64

Running virtual machines per cluster 8,000

Considerations for Disk and Storage• Hyper-V hosts can use

• DAS• SAN• NAS (SMB 3.0)

• Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)• Virtual Machines require storage for

• Virtual hard disk files• Configuration• Checkpoints• Saved state

Considerations for Networking• Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs

• Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management• At least one NIC for virtual machine networks• Two NICs for shared storage• Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)

• At least one NIC for live migration• Use fast NICs• NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput

• Bandwidth management

Considerations for High Availability• Hyper-V host-based failover clustering

• Virtual machines are highly available• Virtual machine-based failover clustering

• Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available

• Virtual machine-based NLB• Highly available and scale out web-based applications

• Application-specific clustering• Applications are highly available

Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

• Hyper-V is installed as A server role• Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe

• Restart required after installation• Hypervisor is added and starts automatically

• Windows Server is moved into parent partition• Hyper-V management tools• Additional services• Performance Monitor counters• Applications and Services logs• Hyper-V Administrators group• Windows Firewall rules

Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V

Overview of the Hyper-V Manager ConsoleAdding the Hyper-V Manager Console• Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V• Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment• Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer• Hyper-V Security Model

Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

Hyper-V servers

Listing of virtual

machines

Hyper-V server actions

Virtual machine actions

Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console• Used for configuring Hyper-V

• Also on Hyper-V Server• If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager, Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically

• Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must enable• Windows Server - Add feature• Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature

• Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7)

• If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device• RDP

Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

• Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role• Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows PowerShell

• Get-Command -Module Hyper-V• Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*• Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax

• Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, …• Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1• Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM• Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1• Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft

• Windows PowerShell ISE

Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

• Hyper-V can be a workgroup member• This has no effect on virtual machines running on the Hyper-V host

• Domain membership simplifies management• To enable remote management in a workgroup• Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)• Create a local user with the same username and password

• Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group• Grant administrative rights remotely to local users

• Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console

• Use HVRemote to simplify configuration

Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer• Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment

• Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:• Hyper-V should be the only enabled role• Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers• Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V

• BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows PowerShell• Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely• Can filter scan results

• Compliance scan returns one of three levels:• Error, Warning, Information

Hyper-V Security Model• Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security• Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules

• Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2

• Many administrators use VMM• Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2• Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are empty by default

• Members have full access to Hyper-V• Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into Authorization Manager

Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings

Overview of Hyper-V SettingsWhat Is NUMA?What Is RemoteFX?What Is Enhanced Session Mode?• What Are Resource Pools?

Overview of Hyper-V Settings

What Is NUMA?• NUMA

• Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory• Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes• Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location

• Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines• Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use resources

• Can minimize cross-node memory access• NUMA spanning enabled at host level

• Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual machine level

• By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA

What Is RemoteFX?• Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent to a physical desktop environment

• System Requirements• GPU• Second level address translation • RD Virtualization Host role service

• RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware• RemoteFX features:

• RemoteFX for WAN• RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics• RemoteFX Media Streaming• RemoteFX Multi-Touch• RemoteFX USB Redirection

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?• Remote Desktop over VMBus• Full Remote Desktop capabilities

• Shared clipboard• Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection• Folder redirection

• Enabled at Hyper-V host• Guest operating system support required• Windows Server 2012 R2• Windows 8.1• Remote Desktop users

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Hypervisor

Applications

Video / Keyboard /

Mouse DriverVMBusVMBus

Virtual Machine

Management ServiceVirtual

Machine Worker Process

ApplicationsApplication

sVirtual

machine connect

Basic Experien

ce

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Hypervisor

Applications

VMBusVMBus

Virtual Machine

Management Service Virtual

Machine Worker Process

ApplicationsApplication

sVirtual

machine connect

Enhanced

session mode

Remote Desktop Services

What Are Resource Pools?• Resource pools are logical containers• Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware

• Virtual machine configured to use the pool• Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool

• Helpful when moving virtual machines• Resource pools can be used for chargeback• Different resource pool types

• Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD• Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell

• Get-VMResourcePool• New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" -

ResourcePoolType Ethernet

Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and NetworkingOverview of Storage SpacesOverview of Disk DeduplicationWhat Is Offloaded Data Transfer?What Is SMB 3.0?Hyper-V over SMB• Overview of Network Teaming

Clustered

• What’s in a storage appliance?• x86/x64 Processors• Memory• Network Adapters• Storage HBAs

“Back”

“Front”

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple,

Mirrored, Parity etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple,

Mirrored, Parity etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution

ServersServers

ServersServers

ServersServers

ServersServers

SAS

Ethernet: 1Gb/10GbFC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb

Demystifying Storage Appliances

Clustered

Windows Server 2012 Spaces

Windows Server 2012 File Server

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.

Presents interfaces:

iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution

ServersServers

ServersServers

ServersServers

ServersServers

SAS

SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb40Gb/56 Gb RDMA

Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces

New Designs: Cluster in a Box

Availability• At least one node and storage always

available, despite failure or replacement of any component

• Dual power domains

Simplicity• Pre-wired, internal interconnects

between nodes, controllers, and storage

Flexibility• PCIe slots for flexible LAN options• External SAS ports for JBOD expansion• Office-level power, cooling, and

acoustics to fit under a desk

Server Enclosure

Additional JBODs …

B ports

A ports

x8 PCIeServer BServer A

x8 PCIe

x4 SAS

External JBOD

x8 PCIe

x4 SAS

x8 PCIe

1/10G E or Infiniband 1/10G E or Infiniband

B portsA ports

SAS Expander

SAS Expander23…10

NetworkNetwork

23…10 SAS Expander

Storage Controller

CPU

SAS Expander

Storage Controller

CPU

x4 SAS (through midplane)x4 SAS (through midplane)

1/10G Ethernet cluster connect

(through midplane)

DataOn – DNS 9220

http://www.dataonstorage.com

• Storage Tiering• Data deduplication• RAID resiliency groups• Pooling of disks• High availability• Persistent write-back cache• Copy offload• Snapshots

• Storage Tiering (new with R2)• Data deduplication (enhanced in

R2)• Flexible resiliency options

(enhanced in R2)• Pooling of disks• High availability• Persistent write-back cache (new

with R2)• SMB copy offload• Snapshots

Traditional Storagewith FC/iSCSI Storage Array

Windows File Server Clusterwith Storage Spaces

Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities

Storage Tiering

Improved storage cost-performance with industry-standard hardwareUse solid-state drives (SSD) and hard-disk drives (HDD) in tiered storage spaceCan “pin” high priority files to the SSD tier

Hard Disk Drives

Hot data

Cold data

Solid State Drives

Storage Spaces

Storage tiering

Overview of Storage Spaces• Storage pools – collection of physical disks• Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces

• Storage Spaces features• Resiliency and integrity on standard disks• Continuous availability and CSV integration• Optimal storage use and storage tiering• Multitenancy and isolation

Windowsvirtualizedstorage

Physicalstorage

(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB

Storage Pool

Storage

SpacesStorage Pool

Storage

SpacesStorage Pool

Storage

Spaces

Overview of Disk Deduplication• Identifies and removes duplications within data• Without compromising data integrity• To store more data on less space• After data is stored (post-process)

• Requires NTFS file system• Failover clustering and shared storage supported• CSV support added in R2

• Can significantly decrease space for VHD library• R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI

• VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share• Deduplication of virtual machines that use local

storage not supported

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?• Traditional data copy model

• Server issues read request to SAN• Data is read and transferred into memory• Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN

• Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic

• Offload-enabled data copy model• Server issues read request and SAN returns token

• Server issues write request to SAN using token• SAN completes data copy and confirms completion

• Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization

• SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer

Compares withVAAI

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

Intelligent Storage Array

Storage array

Storage array

Actual data transfer

Offload read Token Offload

write

Token

Compares withVAAI

What Is SMB 3.0?• SMB is network file sharing protocol• SMB protocol versions are backward compatible

• SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)• SMB Transparent Failover• SMB Scale Out• SMB Multichannel• SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)• SMB Encryption• VSS for SMB file shares• Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell

• SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it

Hyper-V over SMB• Hyper-V data files stored on network shares• Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints

• Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer

• File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers

• They must be members of the same Active Directory• Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated (VDI)

• Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN• Uses SMB 3.0 features

• Benefits• Easier provisioning and management• Uses existing infrastructure