module 2: child rights in programming and sector policies
DESCRIPTION
Module 2: Child Rights in Programming and Sector Policies. Introduction. Key issue: How to translate child rights commitments into programming realities At country level Mainstreaming child rights = applying a child rights focus P rogramming Cycle of operations Key sectors. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Module 2: Child Rights in Programming and Sector Policies
Key issue: How to translate child rights commitments into
programming realities At country level
Mainstreaming child rights = applying a child rights focus Programming Cycle of operations Key sectors
Introduction
European: CRC, Lisbon Treaty, Agenda for Change, etc.
Regional & Country-specific: CRC, African Charter for the Rights and Welfare of the
Child, National Action Plans, etc. Global:
e.g., Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Legal & Policy & Global Context
Ownership: needs to extend beyond government & systematically involve children,
parents, communities Alignment:
local/national systems need to integrate/address child rights Harmonisation:
donor coordination & shared focus on child rights (common approaches, assessments, analysis)
Results: rights-based & child-specific results (disaggregated – minority,
marginalized, invisible) Mutual accountability
CRC & international, regional standards used as common reference point
Aid effectiveness principles from a child rights perspective
‘Our future’: 70,000 babies born today, 2 billion born by 2025
‘Our present’: half the population in developing countries, one third of the world’s
population Legal commitments:
CRC - most universally ratified human rights treaty Political commitments:
European & regional & national Central to development:
High ‘returns’ on investments
Integrating child rights in development cooperation: WHY?
Challenges of rights-based & child-focused programming Political sensitivities Prioritisation
Political trade-offs, workload Social norms, traditions, culture Complexity, interrelated & interdependent rights
Key principles ‘Progressive realisation of all rights’ No retrogression, no new deprivations Prioritisation choices to be justified & transparent
WHY NOT?
Group Discussion
ENTRY POINTS
PROGRAMMING PROCESS
WHERE TO START?
What Align donor and country cycles Identify & build national consensus
How? Adopt a child-rights lens when assessing: National policy, legal, institutional context Resource mobilisation & allocation Implementation at central & subnational levelsInclude: Child rights indicators, benchmarks, child-focused questions for
country/sector context analysis
Tool 1.1: Child Rights Country Context AnalysisTool 2.1: Child Rights Screening Checklist
Entry Points: Policy Dialogue:
Country cycle
Donor cycle of
operations
Budget support: CR commitments assessed as pre-condition for budget support
Tool 1.1.: Child Rights Country Context Analysis Tool 4.1: Child-sensitive Governance Assessment
Project/programme support Identify stakeholders with commitment to child rights Ensure primary target group/beneficiaries include children Put into place coordination, management & financing arrangements that
prioritize children Set up an M&E system with child rights indicators for performance management.
Tool: 2.1 Child Rights Screening Checklist Tool: 2.3.-2.13 Sector Checklists
Entry points: budget & project/programme support
Programming: Cycle of operations
Preliminary screening of child rights issues Tool 2.1: Child Rights Screening Checklist Tool 2.2: Pre-feasibility study
• Stakeholder Analysis• Problem Analysis• Analysis of Strategies• Analysis of Objectives
Child-focused sectors: child specific indicators & targets
Non-child focused sectors: child impact assessment, maximise gains & mitigate risks
Cycle of operations: Identification stage
What: Systematically address all project-relevant child rights issues
Where: Action Fiche: incl. risk assessment and mitigation TAPs (Technical & Administrative Provisions): Basis for implementation,
monitoring and evaluation How:
Focus on marginalized/disadvantaged children Statistics disaggregated by key variables of exclusion (sex, ethnicity, disability
status, et al) Use of qualitative information on issues affecting children Objectives, results, indicators and assumptions based on child rights analysis Sustainability of child rights actions addressed All children prioritized in the project benefit equally from its results.
Tool 2.2 ToRs for addressing child rights issues in feasibility studies
Cycle of operations: Formulation stage
Implementation: best case scenario Child rights embedded in project design, structure & mechanism Planned results, targets and goals delivered Available resources managed efficiently
Monitoring: child-rights sensitive monitoring: Child-focused:
How the situation of children evolved, who benefited – did all children benefit equally?) Quality of the process (participatory, inclusive?)
Non-child focused: Direct & indirect impact on children (update child impact assessment, if available, or
sector checklists) Tools 2.3 - 2.12 Sector Checklists - guidance for monitoring
Cycle of operations: Implementation/monitoring Implementation
/ monitoring
Rights-based evaluation questions should include: Outcomes:
Has the programme delivered the desired child rights outcomes? Have the outcomes (intended or not) affected child rights?
What is the long-term impact on children? Was the policy effective in meeting child rights objectives
on the ground? Could risks be mitigated (using a child impact assessment)?
Stakeholder satisfaction: survey.
“What works”?
Cycle of operations: Evaluation
Relevance: Alignment with CRC Effectiveness: Child-focused results defined,
monitored, achieved Efficiency: Input/output chain, complex
change process & cost/benefits analysis
Sustainability: Long-term realisation of rights Impact: Positive/negative,
intended/unintended, primary/secondary
OECD-DAC criteria from a child-rights perspective
Group Activity:Policy Dialogue, Aid
Modalities, and the Cycle of Operations
There is no ‘child-neutral sector’ Child rights considerations should be taken into account across
all sectors
Need to ‘minimise’ child-specific risks and ‘maximise’ opportunities in sector policies, strategies and planning
CHILD-SPECIFIC SCOPING
.
Child rights in sector programs
A ‘must’ for any development initiative most likely to affect large numbers of children – or significantly affect specific groups – particularly those which: Affect household incomes and livelihoods Affect access to and quality of key services used by
children and their families Affect key forms of social capital that protect children
and help them develop
Child-centred scoping:
Examines risks and how to mitigate those: Sector-specific risks to children Potential countermeasures to be introduced through
sector policies, strategies or projects Examines how to enhance opportunities:
Sector-specific opportunities for children Potential measures designed to enhance such
opportunities through sector policies, strategies or projects
Sector checklist methodology:
Tools 2.3-2.12 - make potential impact of economic and development policies more explicit Education, vocational training and culture WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) Social protection Rural development Urban development Transportation (infrastructure and services) Energy Finance Criminal justice Nutrition
Sector checklists
Group Activity
In response to severe, prolonged drought, a water project is proposed near a refugee camp to install a well and a water kiosk in order to provide water to the community. Under the proposed project, a small fee will be charged for the water, and the revenue will be used to fuel the water pump’s generator and to contribute to the cost of other priority community needs.
Case example 1: WASH sector
Question 1: Based on the description, what are
the potential child-focused risks?
Question 2: Based on the description, what are
the potential child-focused opportunities?
Case example: WASH sector
Although the region has the fewest motor vehicles, a 2013 World Bank report found Africa to have the highest number of road accidents. Roughly 24 per 100,000 people are killed in traffic accidents per year.
Case example 2: Transport sector
Poor communities are more likely to be found along the largest roads and high volume traffic routes and are less likely to have access to emergency medical services or effective mobile trauma care services. With growing urbanization in Africa, the report estimates that accidents are likely to become the major cause of deaths of children between the ages of 5 -15.
In 2007, African ministers of transportation and health pledged to reduce by half the number of road deaths by 2015. International development cooperation has a role to play in achieving this goal.
Question 1: Based on the description, what are
the potential child-focused risks?
Question 2: Based on the description, what are
the potential child-focused opportunities?
Transport sector: Traffic accidents