module 2: wto accession – multilateral negotiations · module 2: wto accession – multilateral...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Module 2: WTO Accession –Multilateral Negotiations
Dimitar Bratanov, Accessions Division, WTO
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession Process
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Multilateral Negotiations
Memorandum, questions and replies
First Working Party meeting
Further questions and replies and other
documents
Further Working Party meetings
Factual Summary
Draft Working Party Report, with a draft decision and a draft Accession Protocol annexed to it
PlurilateralNegotiations
Plurilateral meetings on Domestic Support and
export subsidies in agriculture
Plurilateral meetings on other issues as necessary
Bilateral Negotiations
Bilateral contacts
Initial offers
Bilateral meeting with interested members to negotiate tariff bindings
Revision of offers and further negotiations
Bilateral agreements
signed
Draft Goods and Services Schedules
Technical Verification meeting on Draft Goods and Services Schedules
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Aim of multilateral negotiations:i. Understand the applicant’s foreign trade regime; and,ii. establish the terms of entry to the WTO, ensuring the conformity of the
applicant’s laws and practices with WTO rules and disciplines.What is the difference between the Memorandum, Factual Summary and draft WP Report ?
i) FS: distills discussions in WP based on the Q&R process (drafted by Secretariat)ii) Draft Report: discussions in WP + draft commitments to be agreed between the
acceding government and Working Party members.What are commitment paragraphs?Commitment paragraphs contain the terms of entry of an Acceding Government tothe WTO … ”the Working Party took note of this/these commitment(s)”
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral NegotiationsDifferent types of commitment paragraphs: obligations to abide by existing WTO rules, sometimes specifying national measures to be
amended in order to be brought into conformity with WTO provisions, or sometimes elaborating on the WTO provisions relating to the subject in question
commitments not to have recourse to specific WTO provisions, e.g. those relating to transition
specific identification of transition periods that may be used
authorisations to depart temporarily from WTO rules or from commitments in the Goods Schedule
obligations to abide by terms defined by the commitment paragraph (and not contained in WTO Multilateral Agreements). This may relate to obligations to comply with "other international obligations", privatisation, sub-central governments and time-frame for accession to Plurilateral Trade Agreements
statements of fact rather than actual commitments.
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Number of Commitments undertaken by Article XII Members
22 27 1824 29 22 24
29 29 29 26 27 28 28
168
65
39
24 25 29
5970
29
63
2635 37
163
30 26
4028
40
118
40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Ecua
dor '
96
Bulg
aria
'96
Mon
golia
'97
Pana
ma
'97
Kyrg
yz R
epub
lic '9
8
Latv
ia '9
9
Esto
nia
'99
Jord
an '0
0
Geo
rgia
'00
Alba
nia
'00
Om
an '0
0
Croa
tia '0
0
Lith
uani
a '0
1
Mol
dova
, Rep
blic
of '
01
Chin
a '0
1
Chin
ese
Taip
ei '0
2
Arm
enia
, Rep
ublic
of '
03
FYR
Mac
edon
ia '0
3
Nep
al '0
4
Cam
bodi
a '0
4
Saud
i Ara
bia
'05
Viet
Nam
'07
Tong
a '0
7
Ukr
aine
'08
Cabo
Ver
de '0
8
Mon
tene
gro
'12
Sam
oa '1
2
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n '1
2
Vanu
atu
'12
Lao
Peop
le's
Dem
ocra
tic '1
3
Tajik
istan
'13
Yem
en '1
4
Seyc
helle
s '15
Kaza
khst
an '1
5
Libe
ria '1
6
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Structure of the Draft Working Party Report
Part 2: Economic policies
Part 3: Framework for making
and enforcing policies
Part 4: Policies affecting trade
in goods
Part 5: Trade related
intellectual property regime
Part 6: Policies
affecting trade in services
Part 7: Transparency
Part 8: Trade agreements
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Accessions document symbols
• WT/ACC/… series: Working Party documents containing factual information.
• WT/ACC/SPEC…series: Working Party documents relating to the negotiations onrules (e.g., draft Working Party Reports), negotiations on market access for goodsand services (e.g., market access offers), and the negotiations and discussions onagricultural support and export subsidies (e.g., agriculture Supporting Tables).
• JOB/ACC…series: informal documents or non-papers (e.g. Factual Summary ofPoints Raised) and documents which relate to the activities of an accessionWorking Party, but have not been requested by the Working Party (e.g.statements, Chairpersons' reports).
• WTO/AIR/ACC…series: airgrams (i.e. convening notices for formal meetings)
All documents are available through the accession webpage https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/acc_e.htm
Legislation submitted by acceding governments also found on the accession webpage
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Agenda of Working Party meetings
• (i) review of the state of play in the bilateral market access negotiations (after thesubmission of initial market access offers);
• (ii) examination of the applicant's foreign trade regime / draft Report;
• (iii) review of legislative developments on the basis of a legislative action plan; and
• (iv) next steps in the work of the Working Party.
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Frequency of Commitments in Multilateral Rules
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Mon
etar
y an
d Fi
scal
Pol
icy
Com
petit
ion
Polic
ySt
agin
g of
dism
antli
ng o
f Tar
iff…
Spec
ial t
rade
arr
ange
men
ts, i
ncl.…
Tran
sitio
nal p
rodu
ct-s
peci
fic…
Rese
rvat
ions
by
WTO
mem
bers
Tran
sitio
nal R
evie
w M
echa
nism
Spec
ial E
xcha
nge
Agre
emen
t…Ba
lanc
e-of
-pay
men
ts m
easu
res
Non
-disc
rimin
atio
n/ C
hina
's w
orki
ng…
Text
ile re
gim
esFo
reig
n ex
chan
ge a
nd p
aym
ents
Inve
stm
ent r
egim
eO
ther
cus
tom
s for
mal
ities
Trad
e in
civ
il ai
rcra
ftEx
port
dut
ies,
fees
and
cha
rges
Tran
sitEx
port
subs
idie
sO
rdin
ary
cust
oms d
utie
sG
over
nmen
t pro
cure
men
tPr
e-sh
ipm
ent i
nspe
ctio
nO
ther
dut
ies a
nd c
harg
esRu
les o
f orig
inTr
ade
agre
emen
tsEx
port
rest
rictio
nsAg
ricul
tura
l pol
icie
sTa
riff r
ate
quot
as, t
ariff
exe
mpt
ions
Tran
spar
ency
- pu
blic
atio
n of
…Tr
ansp
aren
cy -
notif
icat
ion
Fees
and
cha
rges
for s
ervi
ces…
Indu
stria
l pol
icy,
incl
udin
g su
bsid
ies
Trad
e-re
late
d in
vest
men
t mea
sure
sFr
ee zo
nes,
spec
ial e
cono
mic
are
asPr
icin
g po
licie
sTr
adin
g rig
hts
Anti-
dum
ping
, cou
nter
vaili
ng d
utie
s,…
Cust
oms v
alua
tion
Appl
icat
ion
of in
tern
al ta
xes o
n…Fr
amew
ork
for m
akin
g an
d…Po
licie
s affe
ctin
g tr
ade
in se
rvic
esSt
ate
owne
rshi
p an
d pr
ivat
izatio
n;…
Qua
ntita
tive
impo
rt re
stric
tions
,…Tr
ade-
rela
ted
aspe
cts o
f int
elle
ctua
l…Te
chni
cal b
arrie
rs to
trad
eSa
nita
ry a
nd p
hyto
sani
tary
mea
sure
s
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Multilateral Negotiations
Accession Commitments Database (ACDB)
• Accession Commitments Database (ACDB) provides userfriendly access to all accession commitments and relatedinformation contained in the Working Party Reports andAccession Protocols of Members that have acceded to theWorld Trade Organization, pursuant to Article XII of theMarrakesh Agreement Establishing the World TradeOrganization.
• To view all the commitments undertaken by all Article XIIMembers, please visit the http://acdb.wto.org
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
End of Module 2!
Question!What is your take-away from this module?
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Module 3: WTO Accession – OutcomesDimitar Bratanov, Accessions Division,
WTO
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession ResultsCoverage: 98% of World Trade
Art. XII Members17.0%
Original Members81.4%
Acceding Governments
1.5%
Rest of the World0.1%
2016
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Map of WTO Members and Observers
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
ACCESSION PACKAGE
• Decision• Protocol1
• Report of the Working Party2• Schedule of Concessions and
Commitments on Goods3• Schedule of Specific
Commitments on Services4
36
Accession Package of the Russian Federation
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession Package Volume
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800Accession Package Volume (Page Number)
Decision Protocol Accession Working Party Report Goods Schedule (Addendum 1) Services Schedule (Addendum 2)
19,889 Pages in Total
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Number of Commitments undertaken by Article XII Members
22 27 1824 29 22 24
29 29 29 26 27 28 28
168
65
39
24 25 29
5970
29
63
2635 37
163
30 26
4028
40
118
40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Ecua
dor '
96
Bulg
aria
'96
Mon
golia
'97
Pana
ma
'97
Kyrg
yz R
epub
lic '9
8
Latv
ia '9
9
Esto
nia
'99
Jord
an '0
0
Geo
rgia
'00
Alba
nia
'00
Om
an '0
0
Croa
tia '0
0
Lith
uani
a '0
1
Mol
dova
, Rep
blic
of '
01
Chin
a '0
1
Chin
ese
Taip
ei '0
2
Arm
enia
, Rep
ublic
of '
03
FYR
Mac
edon
ia '0
3
Nep
al '0
4
Cam
bodi
a '0
4
Saud
i Ara
bia
'05
Viet
Nam
'07
Tong
a '0
7
Ukr
aine
'08
Cabo
Ver
de '0
8
Mon
tene
gro
'12
Sam
oa '1
2
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n '1
2
Vanu
atu
'12
Lao
Peop
le's
Dem
ocra
tic '1
3
Tajik
istan
'13
Yem
en '1
4
Seyc
helle
s '15
Kaza
khst
an '1
5
Libe
ria '1
6
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accessions Results - Goods
7
14
100
10
45
74
11
23
99.9
12
65
54
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MFN applied rate Final bound rate Binding coverage
Aver
age
in p
erce
ntag
e
Art XII Original Members LDCs Art XII LDCs Original Members
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accessions Results - Services
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
China Acceding Governments AverageArticle XII Members (excluding LDCs) Average WorldArticle XII LDC Members Average
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
Accession Results: Annual GDP Growth Rate
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession Results: Trade Performance
Evolution of World Trade in nominal value by membership status
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession Results:Trade Growth
9.7%
2.6%
5.8%
1.4%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
1995-2016 2010-2016
Trade, average annual growth rate
Article XII Members World
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
WTO Accessions, Structural Reforms & Export Diversification
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Accession & the Business Environment
• Sample of 12 Article XII Members: 2004-14
• World Bank “Doing Business” Distance to Frontier (DTF) scores for 10 indicators (e.g. Starting a Business)
• Consistent improvement across sampled members
Average DTF Changes for a Member
Copyright © WTO Secretariat
Chart1
During AcessionDuring AcessionDuring Acession
After AccessionAfter AccessionAfter Accession
2004-20142004-20142004-2014
Improved
Unchanged
Declined
Indicators
5.33
2.42
1.33
6.45
2.27
1.27
7
1.67
1.33
Sheet1
ImprovedUnchangedDeclined
During Acession5.332.421.33
After Accession6.452.271.27
2004-201471.671.33
To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
Domestic Reforms and Growth
Members acceded pursuant to Article XII have: • Faster trade and GDP growth • More resilience in crises • Increased competitiveness and export diversification• Greater attractiveness to FDI
LDC graduation Cabo Verde (December 2007) Samoa (January 2014)Vanuatu (recommended for 2020)
-
Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|
End of Module 3!
Question!
What is your take-away from this module?
Module 2: WTO Accession – �Multilateral NegotiationsAccession ProcessMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsNumber of Commitments �undertaken by Article XII MembersMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral Negotiations Multilateral Negotiations End of Module 2! Module 3: WTO Accession – OutcomesAccession Results�Coverage: 98% of World TradeMap of WTO Members and Observers�ACCESSION PACKAGEAccession Package VolumeNumber of Commitments �undertaken by Article XII MembersAccessions Results - GoodsAccessions Results - ServicesSlide Number 41Accession Results: �Trade PerformanceAccession Results:�Trade GrowthWTO Accessions, Structural Reforms �& Export DiversificationAccession & the Business �EnvironmentDomestic Reforms and GrowthEnd of Module 3!