Pr ac t i c alManagementf orCar eerReadi nessEf f ec t i ve Pr obl em Sol vi ng and Dec i si on Mak i ngModul e 2w i t h Rob St one, M.Ed., PMPHi st ogr amHi st ogr amA graphical display where the data is grouped into ranges and each bar is plotted as a range of dataHi st ogr amWhatDoes I tShowUs?Shows us information as it actually existsAllows us to make decisions based on evaluation of available informationHelps us examine what is going onHi st ogr amShape Central TendencyDispersionA histogram displays:The frequency in which the data occurs in each class interval will determine the shape of the histogramShapeHi st ogr amShapeSkewed Right Skewed LeftUniform Bell ShapedShape: Skewed Ri ghtA+ ADD+CC+BB+IFShape: Skewed Lef tA+ADD+CC+BB+I FShape: Uni f or mShape: Typi c alBel lCur veA+ADD+CC+BB+IFLSL USLCent r alTendencyLower and Upper Specification LimitsNot ChallengedLeft BehindLeft BehindTargetCent erTargetCent erNot ChallengedLSLLSLUSLUSLCent r alTendenc yCent r alTendency: Nor malCur veLSL USLShows us how the data tend to cluster around a particular valueCent r alTendenc yThr ee Measur es ofCent r alTendenc yMean MedianModeThr ee Measur es ofCent r alTendencyMean =Sum of all the measurementsTotal number of measurementsMeanMedi an ModeMedi an Thr ee Measur es ofCent r alTendencyThe median divides the data into two equal partsMeanMedi anModeThr ee Measur es ofCent r alTendencyMean Medi anModeThe value with the highest frequencyEasiest to identifyThe least useful measureDi sper si onLSL USLVoi c e oft he Pr oc ess Dat aLSL USLData PointsVoice of the Customer: Specific LimitationsDi sper si on: St andar d Devi at i onA typical distance from the meanDi sper si onGroup A Group BMeanLSL USLMeanLSL USLVal ue ofHi st ogr amsThe three measures of Shape Central tendency Dispersion can help us make decisions and take effective actions.