Module 3: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings

Module 3: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings

• Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Overview of TCP/IP Addressing

• Name Resolution

• Dynamic IP Addressing

• TCP/IPv4 Tools

Lesson 1: Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• TCP/IP Architecture

• How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model

• Transport Layer Protocols

• Common Application Layer Protocols

• What Is an RFC?

TCP/IP Architecture

TransportTransport

InternetInternet

Network InterfaceNetwork Interface

ApplicationApplication

EthernetEthernet Frame Relay

Frame Relay

Token Ring

Token Ring ATMATM

HTTPHTTP FTPFTP SMTPSMTP DNSDNS POP3POP3 SNMPSNMP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4ARPARP

IGMP

IGMP

ICMPICMP

How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model

TCP/IP Protocol SuiteTCP/IPOSI

TCP TCP UDP UDP

Ethernet Ethernet Frame

Relay

Frame

Relay

Token

Ring

Token

RingATMATM

ApplicationApplication

TransportTransport

Network InterfaceNetwork Interface

HTTP

HTTP

ApplicationApplication

TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

Data-LinkData-Link

PresentationPresentation

SessionSession

PhysicalPhysical

InternetInternet

FTP

FTP

SM

TP

SM

TP

DN

SD

NS

PO

P3

PO

P3

SN

MP

SN

MP

IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4ARPARP

IGMP

IGMP

ICMPICMP

Transport Layer Protocols

TCP:

• Connection oriented

• Reliable

UDP:

• Connectionless

• Unreliable

Common Application Layer Protocols

Some common application layer protocols are:

• HTTP/HTTPS

• RPC over HTTP

• FTP

• RDP

• SMB

• SMTP

• POP3

Status levels:

•Required

•Recommended

•Elective

•Limited use

•Not recommended

Maturity levels:

•Proposed standard

•Draft standard

•Internet standard

What Is an RFC?

A Request for Comments (RFC) is description of network functionality A Request for Comments (RFC) is description of network functionality

Lesson 2: Overview of TCP/IP Addressing

• The Components of an IP Address

• What Is a Subnet Mask?

• What Is a Default Gateway?

• What Is DNS?

• Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address

The Components of an IP Address

IP Address192.168.2.182

IP Address192.168.2.182

IP Address192.168.2.180

IP Address192.168.2.180

IP Address192.168.2.181

IP Address192.168.2.181

IP Address192.168.1.180

IP Address192.168.1.180

IP Address192.168.1.182

IP Address192.168.1.182

IP Address192.168.1.181

IP Address192.168.1.181

What Is a Subnet Mask?

Network ID

Subnet mask

IP address

xw y z

192 168 44 0

xw y z

255 255 255 0

xw y z

192 168 44 32

What Is a Default Gateway?

The default gateway:

• Is used to route packets to other networks

• Is used when the internal routing table on the host has no information about the destination subnet

Use DHCP to deliver all IP Settings, including the default gateway, to client computersUse DHCP to deliver all IP Settings, including the default gateway, to client computers

What Is DNS?

DNS is used to:

• Resolve host names to IP addresses

• Locate domain controllers and global catalog servers

• Used to resolve IP addresses to host names

• Used to locate mail servers during e-mail delivery

Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address

In this demonstration, you will see how to configure a static IPv4 address

Lesson 3: Name Resolution

• Types of Names that Computers Use

• What Are DNS Zones and Records?

• How Internet DNS Names are Resolved

• Host Name Resolution Process

• Demonstration: Configuring Host Name Resolution

• What Is WINS?

• NetBIOS Name Resolution Process

Types of Names That Computers Use

Name Description

Host names

Up to 255 characters in length

Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, periods, and hyphens

Part of FQDN

NetBIOS names

Represent a single computer or group of computers

15 characters used for the name

16th character identifies service

Flat namespace

What Are DNS Zones and Records?

A DNS zone is a specific portion of DNS namespace that can contain DNS records

Records in forward lookup zones include:

• A

• SRV

• MX

• CNAME

Records in reverse lookup zones include:

• PTR

How Internet DNS Names are Resolved

WorkstationWorkstation

207.46.230.219 207.46.230.219

Local DNS ServerLocal DNS Server

What is the IP address of

www.microsoft.com?Root DNS ServerRoot DNS Server

.com DNS Server.com DNS Server

Microsoft.com DNS Server

Microsoft.com DNS Server

Host Name Resolution Process

Local Host NameLocal Host Name11

DNS ServerDNS Server33

NetBIOS Name CacheNetBIOS Name Cache44

WINS ServerWINS Server55

Lmhosts FileLmhosts File77

BroadcastBroadcast66

DNS Resolver CacheDNS Resolver Cache22

Demonstration: Configuring Host Name Resolution

In this demonstration, you will see how to configure host name resolution

What Is WINS?

Queries a WINS server11

If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name and associated IP address33

Determines whether name is in use22

PayrollPayroll WINS ServerWINS Server

NetBIOS NameRegistration

Query

??

OKOK

NetBIOS Name Resolution Process

Local Host NameLocal Host Name55

DNS ServerDNS Server77

Lmhosts FileLmhosts File44

BroadcastBroadcast33

NetBIOS Name CacheNetBIOS Name Cache11

DNS Resolver CacheDNS Resolver Cache66

WINS ServerWINS Server22

Lesson 4: Dynamic IP Addressing

• What Is DHCP?

• DHCP Address Renewal

• DHCP Configuration Options

• What Is Alternate Configuration?

• What s Automatic Private IP Addressing?

• Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing

What Is DHCP?

Non-DHCP ClientNon-DHCP Client DHCP ClientDHCP Client

DHCP ServerDHCP ServerDHCP DatabaseDHCP Database

IP Address1

IP Address2

IP Address3

.

.

.

IP AddressN

IP Address1

IP Address2

IP Address3

.

.

.

IP AddressN

IP Address2

IP Address1

DHCP ClientDHCP Client

DHCP Address Renewal

DHCP ServersDHCP

Servers

Lease-Holding DHCP Server

Lease-Holding DHCP Server

DHCPREQUEST (Unicast)DHCPREQUEST (Unicast)11

11

22

DHCPREQUEST (Broadcast)DHCPREQUEST (Broadcast)22

DHCPACKDHCPACK33

DHCP ClientDHCP Client

33

DHCP ServerDHCP Server

Non-DHCP Server

Non-DHCP Server

DHCP Configuration Options

DHCP configuration options include:

• Creating scopes

• Start and end IP addresses

• Subnet mask

• Lease duration

• Router

• DNS server

• Exclusions

• Reservations

What Is Alternate Configuration?

Yes

No

No

Yes

YesNo

DHCP server assigns address to clientDHCP server assigns address to client

APIPA address is assignedAPIPA address is assigned

User-configured IP address is assignedUser-configured IP address is assigned

User-configured IP address is not assigned

User-configured IP address is not assigned

Server found?

User-configured

alternate configurationspecified?

APIPA configuredand enabled?

DHCP client without an IP address attemptsto locate DHCP Server

DHCP client without an IP address attemptsto locate DHCP Server

What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing?

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA):

• Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted

• Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 network

• Cannot be used with:

• Active Directory

• Internet connectivity

• Multiple subnets

• DNS or WINS servers

Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing

In this demonstration, you will you will see how to configure dynamic IP addressing

Lesson 5: TCP/IPv4 Tools

• What Is IPConfig?

• What Is NETStat?

• What Is NBTStat?

• What Is Netsh?

• Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools

IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and control the DNS resolver cacheIPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and control the DNS resolver cache

What Is IPConfig?

Option Description

/all Displays all IP address configuration information

/release Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease

/renew Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease

/flushdns Purges the DNS resolver cache

/registerdns Refreshes DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names

/displaydns Displays the contents of the DNS resolver cache

NETStat is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connectionsNETStat is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections

What Is NETStat?

Option Description

-a Displays all connections and listening ports

-b Displays the executable involved in creating each connection and listening port

-e Displays Ethernet statistics

-r Displays the routing table

-s Displays per protocol statistics

What Is NBTStat?

NBTStat is used to display NetBIOS information on the local computerNBTStat is used to display NetBIOS information on the local computer

Option Description

-a View NetBIOS information for a specific NetBIOS name

-c View the local cache of machine names and their IP addresses

-n View local NetBIOS names

-R Purges and reloads the remote cache name table

-s Lists sessions table by using IPv4 addresses

You can configure and monitor:

•Windows Firewall

•IP settings

•Interface settings

•IPSec

Netsh is a command-line utility that is used to configure and monitor network settingsNetsh is a command-line utility that is used to configure and monitor network settings

What Is Netsh?

Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools

In this demonstration, you will see how to use:

• IPConfig

• NETStat

• Netsh

Lab: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings and Validating TCP/IPv4 Connectivity

• Exercise 1: Configuring a Dynamic IP Address

• Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IP Address

• Exercise 3: Testing DNS Configuration

• Exercise 4: Connecting to a Web Application

Estimated time: 60 minutes

Virtual machine NYC-DC1, NYC-CL1, NYC-WEB

User name Administrator

Password Pa$$w0rd

Lab Review

• Why would you use NSLookup to verify DNS records rather than using Ping?

• Why would you configure a Web site to run on a non-standard port number?

Module Review and Takeaways

• Review Questions

• Real-world Issues and Scenarios

• Best Practices

• Tools