module 3: transport operations facilitator - world...

Module 3: Transport Operations Facilitator

3-1

Overview

When you start the first session introduce yourself to the

participants. Inform them of your credentials and studies.

Then, ask the participants to introduce themselves.

Show Slide 3-2. Give an overview of transport operations. Clarify

each topic given in the overview.

Objectives

What are you expecting to learn about Transport Operations?

(Let the participants share/discuss their expectations. Give 2

minutes for answers.)

Show Slide 3-3. Inform the participants about the objectives of the

module. Make sure that the participants understand each objective

clearly.

Please turn to page 3-2 of your manual.

Overview

Question

Objective

5 minutes

Attention

5 minutes

New Page

Slide 3-2

Slide 3-3


3-2

Scenario

Let the participants read the scenario, and then discuss it from

different perspective. Give concrete examples from SECI region.

What difficulties are these two companies likely to face in the

SECI region?

(Ask several of the participants. Give 2 minutes for answers.)

Please turn the page 3-3 of your manual.

5 minutes

Scenario

Question

New Page


3-3

Introduction

Continue the process with the introduction of the module.

The transportation and customs legislation regarding transportation

in the SECI area varies from country to country. A lack of

harmonized legislation is one of the main reasons effectiveness is

lacking in the transport industry in this region.


Attention

Facilitator

5 minutes

New Page


3-4

International Road Transport

Transportation activities and facilities have a tremendous

environmental, social and economic impact. Almost six million

people work directly for the trucking industry in Europe. These are

drivers, logistics experts, dispatchers, and operations managers and

so on. A classical categorization of the transport industry in

international transport systems is shown on the slide.

Show Slide 3-4 explain the categories in the transportation

industry.


Facilitator

15 minutes

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-4


3-5

Discuss the role of transporters and forwarders in the

transport process.


Freight forwarding is all about the smooth flow of international trade.

The freight forwarder is the party who ensures that internationally

traded goods move from point of origin to point of destination to

arrive:

�� At the right place,

�� At the right time,

�� In good order and condition,

�� At the most economic cost.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box and explain

the services of forwarders.


Discussion

Facilitator

Post-it

New Page


3-6

Freight forwarders operate as agents; go betweens for

importers/exporters and carriers. They can secure special deals

because both surface and air carriers give volume discounts to

customers shipping large quantities of freight at one time.

Emphasize the role of freight forwarders and multi-modal

transporters in providing third party logistics. Explain why their

success depends very much on the competitiveness and cost-

effectiveness of the services they provide.


“Basic Functions of Forwarders”.


Facilitator

Attention

New Page

Post-it


3-7

Show Slide 3-5 explain who an international freight forwarder is.

Own Account Transport

Emphasize the conditions for the transportation of goods as

mentioned at Table 1.


Slide

5 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Slide 3-5


3-8

Hired Vehicles

A hired vehicle is any vehicle which is leased out to a company in

return for a payment and for a predetermined period so that the

specified person/company can use that vehicle for the carriage of

goods. Explain and discuss the hiring conditions of vehicles in EU

member states.


the hiring periods of vehicles.


5 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Post-it


3-9

Road Transport in SECI Region

Compare the European transport sector with SECI. Give examples

about the benefits of common applications in the region. Explain

Cabotage and discuss the example given in the third paragraph of

the page.

Emphasize that the cabotage authorization and hiring contract, if

any, must stay with the vehicle. The cabotage authorization must be

produced whenever requested by inspecting officers.


5 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Attention


3-10

Cabotage transport operations are subject to the laws, regulations

and administrative provisions in force in the host Member State.

They cover the following areas shown on the slide.

Show Slide 3-6 and continue process with explaining the areas of

cabotage in transport operation.

Emphasize that the vehicles used to carry out cabotage operations

must meet the general requirements set for vehicles used in

international transport.

Give a 10 minutes break.

Role of the Carrier in Import and Export

The first stage is the manufacture and packaging of goods for

carriage. Packaging is important for all cargo and there are many

considerations to be kept in mind, particularly with regard to the

transport to be used. The next stage is to make the necessary

bookings with the carrier either directly or through a forwarding

agent.


Facilitator

Slide

Attention

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-6

5 minutes

Break


3-11

Stowage

When delivering by road the aim is to fill the truck’s entire cubic

capacity while staying within the permitted load line regulations that

are appropriate for the particular journey. A balance must be found

between payload and the truck’s other weight requirements of fuel,

water and stores.

What are the most important factors to take into consideration

when determining shipment routes in the SECI region?


Summarize and write the answers of the participants on the flipchart.

Transport Routes

There are a wide variety of routes transporters can use, each with

their own physical limitations, and advantages or disadvantages

from a least total distribution cost point of view.


Question

3 minutes

Facilitator

12 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Flipchart


3-12

Show Slide 3-7 and continue process with explaining the main

factors to be considered when choosing the most appropriate

route/mode for a consignment .

�� The Nature of the Goods and the Overall Quantity of the

Consignment.

The nature of the goods can affect the choice of transport in a

variety of ways. Some goods are too wide. Others are too long or

too heavy to be sent by road. Weight is of great importance as well.

The weight/measurement ratio is important in all forms of transport

and tends to be reflected in the freight rate composition, but weight

is more important with some consignments. Explain the subject and

give concrete examples if possible.


Slide

Facilitator

New Page

Slide 3-7


3-13

�� The time factor; that is urgency and the season

The cost advantages of fast transit lie in reduced interest on capital

tied-up during transit and also lower charges, quotas and limitations.

Speedier transit may mean less warehousing at the final

destination. Explain the subject and give concrete examples if

possible.

�� The alternative scheduled routes/modes available to that

destination and their frequency

Route availability and the frequency of various services are

changing rapidly as new services begin operations. For example,

the advent of ro/ro operations has seen an increase in traffic using

minor ports instead of older major ports. It combines the advantages

of a short sea crossing, which often has smaller tides, with road and

therefore provides greater flexibility and time saving. Explain the

subject and give concrete examples if possible.

What problems make shipping routes in the Balkans attractive

as a means of transport?




Facilitator

Facilitator

Question

New Page

Flipchart


3-14

�� Contractual obligations imposed by the importer's Letter of

Credit or the shipper's own contract with a party

An agent must always consider the seller’s wishes as regards route,

and must fulfill his/her contractual obligations with a freight contact.

Explain the subject and give the example mentioned in the second

paragraph of the page.

�� Strikes, wars and climatic factors

Possible interruptions to transit, such as major strikes, civil wars,

political embargoes and temperature changes must also be taken

into consideration. The wars took place in last decade in Balkan

region could be an example for this subject.

�� Limitations of the actual mode, including their degree of

unitization, facility for grouping, and their varying costs

While transporting a valuable cargo it must be remembered that with

such cargo the speedier the transit the greater the saving, as less

interest is paid on capital tied up in transit and there is a lower

insurance premium. The latter in particular reflects the value and the

time the goods are at risk.


Facilitator

Facilitator

Facilitator

New Page


3-15

�� Limitations of the termini, including efficiency of agents

The various physical, commercial and other factors influencing a

port’s development might be appropriate here since most cargo is

charged at the same freight rate to any particular destination, and

there are considerable quantity discounts to be earned.

Role of Logistics in Transport Management


to the participants what logistics is.

The goal of logistics is the creation of a competitive advantage

through the simultaneous achievement of high customer service

levels, optimum investment and value for money.

How do logistics differ from transport?



Facilitator

15 minutes

Facilitator

Post-it

Question

New Page


3-16

In planning transportation the problems can be numerous; hidden

costs can be concealed, such as the costs of being out-of-stock

which results in a loss in business or delays over insurance claims.

Show Slide 3-8 and continue process with explaining the important

elements in Logistics.

Logistics, the management of flows, is first and foremost a provider

of service. To maintain or improve its share of the market, an

enterprise must offer the elements shown in the slide.


Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Facilitator

Slide 3-8


3-17

Case: Something is going Wrong...

�� Let the participants divide into groups of three.

�� Ask each group to select a leader.

�� Give each group one copy of the case study.

�� Let the groups discuss and find solutions to the questions about

the situation.

�� Ask the group leaders to explain their group’s solutions.

�� Finally, give feedback to the participants and finish the exercise.

As a result of the employees’ reluctance the logistics company had

lost its basic elements. In other words, they could not send the right

goods to the right place on the right time on a competitive price. For

that reason the company had started to lose its market share in

time. The company can win back its market share with the

satisfaction of the employees managing these elements.


New Page

Exercise

10 minutes

Facilitator


3-18

This implies that the following four basic functions must be correctly

performed as shown in the Slide.

Show Slide 3-9 and explain the functions of logistics.

What recent developments have affected logistic services?



In recent years, three dominant and interrelated themes have

changed the solution to the logistics equation in enterprises around

the world. Explain these changes as shown in the slide.

Show Slide 3-10 and continue process with explaining the changes

in logistics.


Slide

Facilitator

Question

Slide

Facilitator

New Page

Flipchart

Slide 3-9

Slide 3-10


3-19

Transport Logistics

Transport logistics encompass all steps in the transfer of freight

whether it is modal or multi-modal. It also includes the interaction

between the various institutions intervening in international freight

transport, the operators transporting it, and the transport

intermediaries providing brokerage services between freight

transfers.


Transportation Costs

Most products are sold in highly competitive markets therefore in

order to realize savings you must be able to control inventory.

Show Slide 3-11 and explain the inventory control.


5 minutes

Slide

Facilitator

New Page

7 minutes

Facilitator

Slide 3-11

Break


3-20

Show Slide 3-12 and continue process with explaining the

decisions for minimizing logistics costs.

It is very important to estimate how much you are spending on a

total logistics operation. Logistics-related costs are dynamic and do

not readily fit with traditional accounting methods.


Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-12


3-21

Activity-based costing can be used to help firms manage and to

benchmark logistics costs. Explain the variables for total logistics

costs shown in the slide.

Show Slide 3-13 and explain the variables for total logistics costs.

Give examples.

International Transport Costs

Explain international transport costs as mentioned in the paragraph.

Show Slide 3-14 about international transport costs.


Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Facilitator

8 minutes

Slide

Slide 3-13

Slide 3-14


3-22

Show Slide 3-15 and continue process with explaining flowchart

“Towards a Competitive Price”

Show Slide 3-16 and explain how to minimize logistics costs.


New Page

Slide

Slide

Slide 3-15

Slide 3-16


3-23

Procedures and documentation can have strong impact on

transportation costs. The movement of money as payment for the

fulfillment of contracts, cumbersome procedures and documentation

has a direct influence on transit costs.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box and give tips

for reducing the costs.

Logistics Values

Show Slide 3-17 and continue process with explaining the figure

“Logistics Values”.

What should logistics firms do to create internal and external

value?




New Page

Facilitator

Slide

7 minutes

Post-it

Question

Flipchart

Slide 1-7


3-24

Explain each bulleted sentence about logistics value. Give

examples if required.

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your company/

country with regard to transport operations.



New Page

Facilitator

Discussion


3-25

SWOT Assessment

Show Slide 3-18 and continue process with the SWOT assessment

regarding logistics in Balkan Countries.

Let the participants assess their company according to the table in

the right page.



New Page

Slide

6 minutes

Attention

Flipchart

Slide 3-18


3-26

Competitive Priorities for Transport Firms

Show Slide 3-19 and explain the priorities shown in the slide.

Let the participants give examples to each priority shown in the

table.

The Marketing Strategy of a Transport Firm

Every transport firm should develop written guidelines that set forth

the business's marketing strategy. This document should be used to

judge the appropriateness of each action that the business takes.


New Page

Slide

6 minutes

Attention

6 minutes

Facilitator

Slide 3-19


3-27

Good marketing strategy provides specific goals. Show Slide 3-20

and explain these goals with examples.

Show Slide 3-21 and explain the strategy development flowchart

before the exercise.

Marketing Strategy Development

�� After this exercise the participants will be to able develop

marketing strategy of their firm.

�� Divide the participants into groups consisting three people. The

participants can select a company name for their groups.

�� Ask the groups to develop their own strategies by using

flowchart in Figure 8.

�� Let each group assess others’ strategies after the exercise.

�� After all give feedback to the participants and finish the

exercise.

Give a lunch break.


New Page

Slide

Slide

Exercise

Slide 3-20

Slide 3-21

10 minutes

Break


3-28

Logistic Strategies of Transport Firms

Coordinated logistic strategies are a critical, cost-saving link

between trading partners and customers. By implementing

coordinated strategies, companies can create value for customers,

reduce costs, and support critical production flexibility.

Show Slide 3-22 and continue process with explaining the

elements of the logistic strategies of a transport firm. Give

examples to each element shown in the table.

Explain categories of interaction with service organizations in the

transport industry as mentioned in the bulleted sentences of the

page.


10 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

Facilitator

New Page

Slide 3-22


3-29

Show Slide 3-23 and explain the factors effecting transport service.

Explain categories of interaction with service organizations in the

transport industry as mentioned in the bulleted sentences of the

page.

What are the differences between services and physical

goods?



Common Characteristics of Services

Define what is meant by a service. Give examples to clarify the

differences between services and physical goods. For example, a

meal in a restaurant contains a combination of goods elements (the

food) and service elements (the manner in which the food is

served). Even apparently "pure" goods such as timber often contain

service elements, such as.


Facilitator

Slide

Question

Facilitator

Flipchart

8 minutes

New Page

Slide 3-23


3-30

List the common characteristics of services on the flipchart.

Let the participants give examples for each item.

Show Slide 3-24 and explain the characteristics of physical goods.

Show Slide 3-25 and explain the characteristics of services.

Give examples to clarify differences between physical goods and

services.

The Marketing Mix for Transport Services

The marketing mix is not based on any theory, but on the need for

marketing managers to break down their decision making into a

number of identifiable and actionable headings.


Attention

Flipchart

Slide

Slide

New Page

10 minutes

Facilitator

Slide 3-24

Slide 3-25


3-31

Show Slide 3-26 and continue process with the headings of

marketing mix. Give examples if required.

What advantages does focusing on service quality give

shipping firms?



Slide

Question

New Page

Slide 3-26


3-32

Service Quality in Transportation

Show Slide 3-27 and continue process.

Customers define quality... Customers are the center of the

services. They define quality. Tell the participants to look at their

business from the customer's perspective, not theirs. Give

examples.

Quality is a journey... Formulas for fixing quality quickly once and

for all do not exist. Good quality has to be pursued constantly,

equally as much when profits are up as when times are bad. Give

examples from transport industry.

Quality is everyone’s job... Quality is not a specialist function or a

department alone. High quality services are the result of high quality

work processes. Everyone has to see producing and delivering

good quality as their own responsibility. Give examples.

Quality, leadership, and communication are inseparable… In

order to be able to produce, good quality people need knowledge,

feedback, support and encouragement from their managers and

managers have to show genuine leadership when managing their

subordinates.


10 minutes

Facilitator

Facilitator

Facilitator

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-27


3-33

Quality and integrity are inseparable… Good quality requires a

corporate culture that emphasizes integrity. Fairness, defined as

treating customers and employees alike has to be a core value

shared by everyone. Give examples.

Quality is a design issue… Service quality has to be designated in

advance. The use of technology and personnel and the participation

of customers in the service production system should be

forethought. Otherwise, the organization is only partly prepared for

producing good quality. Give examples.

Quality is keeping the service promise… More than anything else

customers expect service providers to do what they have promised

to do. If promises are not kept, or if some critical part of the bundle

of promises given is not kept, quality deteriorates.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of meeting the

necessary criteria required to become a certified transport

operator.

(Give 2 minutes for answers.)


Facilitator

Facilitator

Facilitator

New Page

Discussion


3-34

Legislation Governing Road Transport

Access to the Profession

Explain the road haulage profession and clarify who a professional

is.

Admission to the Professions of Transport

Most countries have different admission standards for transport

professions thus leading to different implementations. In the EU, the

provision EU directives govern admission to the occupations of road

haulage operator. Discuss the admission standards in SECI region

with the participants.

Show Slide 3-28 and continue process with explaining the basic

knowledge for running a transport undertaking.



5 minutes

Facilitator

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

7 minutes

Slide 3-28

Break


3-35

Role of Associations and Government in Setting Standards

The role of associations is to encourage transport operators to set

their own professional standards. Even without supporting

regulatory measures there are strong incentives for operators to

achieve these professional standards.

Show Slide 3-29 and explain the benefits of achieving the

professional standards.

Show Slide 3-30 about the responsibilities of public and private

sector.


15 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-29

Slide 3-30


3-36

Continue process with explain each paragraph with related the

items shown in Slide 3-28.


Facilitator

New Page


3-37

Access to the Profession as per EU Standards

Show Slide 3-31 about the European standards for access to the

profession.

Good Repute

Local authorities should determine the requirements needed to be

fulfilled by those wishing to be transport operators. Explain each

reason (given at the bottom of the page), why an operator should

not receive accreditation.


5 minutes

Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-31

6 minutes


3-38

Financial Standing

Show Slide 3-32 and inform the participants about European

financial standards.

Professional Competence

Explain the professional competence measures as mentioned in the

last paragraph of the page. Inform the participants about the

subjects of examinations (next page). Discuss the situation in SECI

region with the participants.


5 minutes

Slide

New Page

Facilitator

7 minutes

Slide 3-32


3-39

Road Transporters Knowledge

What kind of knowledge do you require, in your profession?


Show Slide 3-33 and inform the participants about the knowledge

regarding transport profession.


12 minutes

Question

New Page

Slide

Slide 3-33


3-40

Show Slide 3-34 and inform the participants about road transport

legislation. Let the participants discuss the regulations in your

country.

Show Slide 3-35, 3-36 and continue process with informing the

participants about road transport management.

Show Slide 3-37, and explain each item about vehicle engineering

management.



Slide

Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-34

Slide 3-35 Slide 3-36

Slide 3-37

Break


3-41

Personnel Hiring

Show Slide 3-38 and give recruitment suggestions to the

participants. Ask them to explain their recruitment process in their

company.

The time and effort spent at the recruitment stage is vital, and is

essential in minimizing the risk of recruiting someone who is or may

be susceptible to illegal activities and who will bring these activities

into an organization.

.

Role of the Associations in Defining Model Codes

of Conduct

Show Slide 3-39 and inform the participants about the operators’

rule of behavior.


6 minutes

Slide

Facilitator

Slide

5 minutes

New Page

Slide 3-38

Slide 3-39


3-42

Access to the Market

Situation in SECI Region

Traditional bilateral arrangements are still characteristic of the SECI

Region. The majority of these countries pursue a rather protectionist

policy and limit the road freight quotas on the level of reciprocity.

Discuss the regional situation with the participants. Then inform the

participants about the recent changes in transport and trade in SECI

region.


5 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-43

The History of Access to the Markets in the EU

Progressive liberalization in the EU started in the eighties after long

debates over the sequence of whether to liberalize first and

subsequently harmonize taxes or to harmonize taxation first and

only then liberalize. The first step was the introduction of

Community quotas in addition to bilateral arrangements. By now the

EU road transport market is fully liberalized, except for transit

through Austria.


Exercise

New Page

3 minutes


3-44

How do high tolls in the Balkan region affect land

transportation?


Fiscal Aspects in Road Transport

Show Slide 3-40 and let the participants discuss the problems

about vehicle taxes, tolls and fuel excise duties in road transport.

Show Slide 3-41 and continue process.

According to the European definition user charges must be

proportionate to the use of the infrastructure, while tolls should be

related to the costs of construction, operation and development.


Question

3 minutes

New Page

Slide

Slide

Facilitator

Slide 3-40

Slide 3-41


3-45

All ECMT Member countries levy fiscal charges on goods transport

by road, usually through a combination of taxes on possession of a

vehicle and charges related to their use on the road. A variety of

criteria are used to assess the level of vehicle tax. The permissible

gross laden weight is the most usual, but it can be replaced by or

combined with other criteria. Taxation has three main categories:

�� A territorial charge in the form of tolls or the Euro vignette

�� National based vehicle taxes

�� Fuel Excise Tax


New Page

Facilitator


3-46

Some charges are levied in the form of fixed fees per time unit or

journey or on the basis of kilometers traveled or ton/kilometers (the

latter system is particularly prevalent in Eastern Europe). Several

countries have different applications, for example:

�� National and foreign vehicles

�� Type of roads

�� Transit or other traffic

In order to assess the impact of taxes on the competitiveness of

national haulage industries, the taxation of labor and capital needs to

be taken into account as well as transport taxes and charges. There

are large differences between countries regarding transport charges,

but differences in labor and capital taxation cancel out most of the

variation.

In what sense might taxes collected in international land

transport affect transportation costs?




New Page

Facilitator

Question

Flipchart


3-47

Taxation of Vehicles

Harmonization should aim to improve and standardize the collection

(levy) systems as well as aim to establish a fair mechanism for

charging infrastructure costs to haulers. Inform the participants

about the ECMT rules and compare the taxation systems of SECI

countries.

Tolls and Road User Charges

The collection of tolls and user charges should be set up in order to

maintain as free as possible flow of traffic and to avoid any

compulsory controls or checks at borders. Discuss situation in SECI

with the participants.

What are the affects of having different taxation systems in

different countries in the transport sector?




Facilitator

Facilitator

2 minutes

6 minutes

Question

New Page

Flipchart


3-48

Show Slide 3-42 and inform the participants about the user

charges in Europe.

These charges are imposed on heavy goods vehicles according to

the damage to the infrastructures and air pollution they cause.

Maximum monthly and weekly user charges are proportionate to the

duration of use made of the infrastructure. The daily user charge is

8 Euros for all vehicle categories.

Tolls are related to the costs of constructing, operating and

developing the infrastructure network concerned. Toll rates are

charged according to:

�� Vehicle emission classes

�� Time of day


“Tolls and User Changes”.


Slide

Facilitator

Post-it

New Page

Slide 3-42


3-49

Excise on Duties on Fuel

The minimum excise duty on diesel used as a fuel is set at 245 ECU

per 1 000 liters, except in the case of Luxembourg and Greece,

where the minimum excise duty, in the period from 1st January

1993 to 31 December 1994, was set at 195 ECU per 1 000 liters.

International Coherence in Taxation

The national based charges give rise to difficulties in international

transport as governments have to decide whether and how to levy

national charges on foreign owned vehicles. Transit charges are

waived in many cases due to reciprocal bilateral agreements. The

level of transit charges applied also varies greatly between

countries. To maintain fairness domestic and foreign haulers should

be taxed equally.

Are technical standards regarding vehicle, load and driver

security taken into consideration in the land transport sector?


Continue next day.


Facilitator

Facilitator

Question

4 minutes

New Page

Break

3 minutes


3-50

Technical and Safety Regulations Governing Road Transport

Technical Standards and Aspects of Operation

Technical standards and the aspects of operation play a large role

in creating effective transport management. Differences in the

implementation of various technical standards in SECI countries

contribute negatively to the development of the transport industry in

general. Give examples about the differences in technical standards

in SECI countries and discuss the problems with the participants.

Show Slide 3-43 and explain each item about the technical

standards.

Checking Tips for Drivers

There may be a variety of problems at the time of loading. It is

important that these are identified on paper and the proper way to

do this is on the CMR/POD for all to see. For example, where a

driver is asked to load in wet conditions and the goods are subject

to dampness, this situation must be highlighted on the document -

“Loaded in wet conditions”.


5 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

2 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Slide 3-43


3-51

Trailer Identification and Condition

Show Slide 3-44 and continue process with explaining the each

step about trailer identification and condition. Give examples if

required.


6 minutes

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-44


3-52

How do different weight and size practices affect the transport

sector?



Maximum Authorized Weights and Dimensions

The objective of harmonizing weights and dimensions is to remove

the barriers to free movement between the European countries that

arises from the different standards. Inform the participants about the

maximum authorized length and width of road trains using

extensible coupling system.


New Page

Facilitator

Question

Flipchart

25 minutes


3-53

Show Slide 3-45 and inform the participants about the weights and

dimensions in Albania.


dimensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-45

Slide 3-46


3-54


dimensions in Bulgaria.


dimensions in Croatia.


Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-47

Slide 3-48


3-55


dimensions in Greece.


dimensions in Macedonia.


Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-49

Slide 3-50


3-56


dimensions in Romania.


dimensions in Slovenia.


Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-51

Slide 3-52


3-57

International Vehicle Weight Certificate (IVWC)

The International Vehicle Weight Certificate (IVWC) was drawn up

in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on the Introduction

of an International SECI Goods Road Vehicle Weight Certificate

(IVWC) to the Memorandum of Understanding. Explain the goal of

weight certificate and discuss with the participants.

What kind of problems are transporters facing with the

implementation of emission standards in the European Union?



Standard Set on Motor Vehicle Emissions

Inform the participants about the implementation of the new adopted

Auto-Oil Program as mentioned in the page.

Show Slide 3-53 and continue process with the Auto-Oil Program

Areas.


5 minutes

Flipchart

Question

7 minutes

Facilitator

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-53


3-58

From the 1st January 2005 petrol and diesel must contain no more

than 50 ppm of sulphur, a level that was agreed by Council and

Parliament at the end of the Auto-Oil Program. However, the other

environmental parameters have not yet been fixed for 2005 (except

for the levels of aromatics in petrol) and the recent analysis in Auto-

Oil II has focused on these parameters rather than sulphur.


the aim of “Auto-Oil II Programme”.



Facilitator

Post-it

New Page

Break


3-59

Case: A Dramatic Accident





the situation.




Exercise

New Page

10 minutes


3-60

Social Aspects Governing Road Transport

The AETR Agreement restricts driving hours only in the case of

international transport, as the duration of journeys is usually long.

Inform the participants about AETR rules and let the participants

discuss the effects of these rules on safety.

The Driver’s Responsibilities in Transport Operations

Drivers are the representatives of any transport company, who are

present at the customer's premises with first hand knowledge of

what goes on. Explain the important role of drivers in transport

operations.


Facilitator

3 minutes

7 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-61

Show Slide 3-54 and continue process with explaining the driver’s

responsibilities in the movement of goods.

Show Slide 3-55 inform the participants about the acts to eliminate

weaknesses in reporting accidents and handling of goods in transit.


Slide

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-54

Slide 3-55


3-62

Drivers in Road Transport

Show Slide 3-56 continue process with informing the participants

about the driving ages.

What kind of knowledge, skill and behavior require for driving

a power driven vehicle?




5 minutes

Slide

Flipchart

Question

New Page

Slide 3-56


3-63

Knowledge, Skill and Behavior for Driving a

Power-Driven Vehicle

Show Slide 3-57 explain the requirements for driving a power

driven vehicle.

Drivers Knowledge and Skill

Trucking is a very dangerous profession; about 600 drivers die a

year in highway accidents. Drivers need important knowledge to

avoid these accidents. Let the participants to discuss the role of

knowledge for safe driving.

What are the differences between a conscious and

unconscious driver?


Show Slide 3-58 and explain each item about the knowledge and

skill a driver needs.


Slide

3 minutes

6 minutes

Slide

Facilitator

Question

New Page

Slide 3-57

Slide 3-58


3-64

Driving Attitudes

Show Slide 3-59 and continue process with informing the

participants about the driving attitudes of drivers. Let several of the

participants draw a profile of a professional driver.

Driving Licenses

Transport for hire and reward between member countries of the

European Union is conducted under a Community license, which is

issued for a period of five years and is renewable. The license has a

multilateral character since it can be used for transport operations

between two member countries, neither of which is the company’s

country of origin.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Driving

Speed”.


Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Post-it

7 minutes

3 minutes

Slide 3-59


3-65

Show Slide 3-60 and inform the participants about the driving

license types for vehicles used in transport operations.

Explain the knowledge and sound understanding areas for driving a

power driven vehicle.


Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-60


3-66

Minimum Requirements for Driving Tests

Driving tests should ensure that applicants for driving licenses have

the required knowledge and skills, and behavior. Also, applicants

must go through a medical check.

Show Slide 3-61 and continue process with explaining the health

check items. Explain the negative effects of each item on driving

process.

Inform the participants about situations that driving license shall not

be issued.


6 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-61


3-67

What should be the daily driving limit of a driver?



Driving and Resting Periods

Different resting and driving periods in SECI countries not only lead

to unfair competition but they also severely affect the safety of

transport operations.

Show Slide 3-62 and inform the participants about the driving

periods of a driver.


New Page

Facilitator

Slide

Question

5 minutes

Slide 3-62

Break


3-68

Explain the daily driving limits as mentioned in the related

paragraphs of the page.

Maximum Continuous Driving Periods

Inform the participants about the maximum continuous driving

periods. Let the participants discuss the relation between accidents

and illegal driving situations.

Breaks and Rest Periods

After four-and-a-half hours' driving, the driver should have a break

of at least 45 minutes, unless he/she begins a rest period. This

break may be replaced by breaks of at least 15 minutes each

distributed over the driving period or immediately after this period.


Facilitator

1 minute

Facilitator

6 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-69

Show Slide 3-63 and explain the daily driving process on the

screen.

In each period of 24 hours, the driver should have a daily rest

period of at least 11 consecutive hours, which may be reduced to

a minimum of nine consecutive hours.

Weekly Rest Period

In addition to the daily rest periods, every crewmember shall have a

weekly rest period of not less than 24 consecutive hours. Explain

the weekly rest periods as mentioned in the related paragraphs.


Slide

Facilitator

6 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Slide 3-63


3-70

Show Slide 3-64 and inform the participants about daily and weekly

driving periods.

In the course of each week, one of the rest periods is extended, by

way of a weekly rest, to a total of 45 consecutive hours. This rest

period may be reduced to a minimum of 36 consecutive hours.

Individual Control Book

Exceptional cases must be recorded in the individual control book.

Such as danger, in case of force majeure, to render aid, or as a

result of a breakdown, to the extent necessary to ensure the safety

of persons, of the vehicle or of its load and to enable him/her to

reach a suitable stopping place or, according to circumstances, the

end of his/her journey.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Control

Book”.


Slide

Facilitator

6 minutes

Facilitator

New Page

Post-it

Slide 3-64


3-71

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Used

Books”.

In the Event of an Accident or Damage to Property

In the event of an accident what should the driver do first?


As a result of an accident or damage to property, the transport

company and drivers should take all appropriate measures in order

to minimize the financial or other risks for its own company and/or to

its clients.

Show Slide 3-65 and the measures in the event of an accident or

damage to property. Give examples from the previous accidents.

Show Slide 3-66 and continue explaining measures in the event of

an accident or damage to property.


Post-it

7 minutes

Facilitator

Question

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-65

Slide

Slide 3-66


3-72

Case: An Interesting Journey





the situation.




Exercise

New Page

15 minutes


3-73

What problems do visa applications create for transport

sector?


Visa Regimes

Yet another issue hindering the free movement of transportation is

the problem of visas for the drivers of vehicles. Explain the visa

problems with concrete examples. Let the participants discuss and

find solutions.

Show Slide 3-67 and inform the participants about the works of

UNECE and SECI for solving the visa problems.

Give a lunch break.


Question

4 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-67

Break


3-74

Vehicle and Goods Security

Inform the participants about the security of vehicles and goods on

the roads. Let the participants give examples from their own

experiences. Explain them security guide as mentioned in the page.


7 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-75

Liability and Insurance

Insurance Cover

Continue instruction with the liability and insurance in road transport.

Explain the subject as mentioned in the page. Let the participants

give examples from their own insurance problems.

Green Card Insurance

A Green Card is an international certificate of insurance issued on

behalf of a national bureau in accordance with Recommendation No

5 adopted on 25 January 1949 by the Road Transport Sub-

committee of the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations

Economic Commission for Europe.


2 minutes

Facilitator

13 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-76

The Green Card System facilitates international traffic while settling

the legal questions regarding the different compulsory motor

insurance laws in the participating countries. Further it makes it

simple to settle claims in the event of an accident in the visited

country ensuring that the claimant is correctly compensated. Thus,

the visiting motorist is put into the same legal situation as a liable

domestic motorist.

Show Slide 3-68 and inform the participants about the usage of

Green Card in SECI Countries.

The Green Card System operates on the basis of the Compulsory

Third Party Insurance Laws of the participating countries with the

effect that compensation of the claimant is guaranteed on the basis

of its domestic law notwithstanding the fact that the accident was

caused by a vehicle from abroad.


Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Facilitator

Slide 3-68


3-77

The Green Card, which is issued by third party motor risk insurers,

serves as an international insurance certificate for cross-border

traffic.

The Status of the Green Card

The Green Card is equivalent to the national Motor Insurance

Certificates of each and all of the countries that a motorist visits. As

such it is accepted without any obstacle or cost by the authorities of

all countries for which the individual Green Card is valid.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Status of

Green Card”.


Facilitator

15 minutes

Facilitator

Post-it

New Page


3-78

What are the objectives of a cargo liability regime?


Explain the CMR Convention and consignment note as mentioned

in the related paragraphs of the page.

What monetary limits of liability should apply to what units of

cargo, and in what circumstances?



Facilitator

Question

Question

New Page


3-79

Continue process with explaining the liability and rights of carrier

and sender. Clarify the relation between them. Give concrete

examples.


Facilitator

New Page


3-80

After arrival of the goods at the place designated for delivery, the

consignee is entitled to require the carrier to deliver to him/her,

against a receipt, the second copy of the consignment note and the

goods. If the loss of the goods is established or if the goods have

not arrived after the expiry of the period, the consignee is entitled to

enforce in his/her own name against the carrier any rights arising

from the contract of carriage. Continue process with concrete

examples.


“Liability and CMR”.


Facilitator

New Page

Post-it


3-81

Show Slide 3-69 and explain the content of the consignment note.


Slide

Slide3-69

15 minutes


3-82

Role Play: What am I Loading

�� After this exercise the participants will be able to fill the CMR

Checklist correctly.

�� Divide the participants into groups of two.

�� Ask them to select a character (driver or sender).

�� Give some loading situations and let groups play their roles as

driver and sender.

�� Let the driver fill the checklist according to the answers of

his/her friend (sender).

Advanced Preparation: Short cases for each group, pen, copy of checklist.

Case example: A cargo of frozen pizza will be sent to France. But some of the

packages are damaged or in bad conditions. The weather is very hot and it

seems that goods will spoil.



Exercise

Break

New Page

15 minutes


3-83

Liability of the Carrier

The carrier is liable for the total or partial loss of goods and for any

damage that occurs between the time when he/she takes over

possession of the goods and the time of delivery, as well as for any

delay in delivery.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Contract of

Carriage”.

Show Slide 3-70 and explain the circumstances which the driver is

not liable. Give examples if required.


Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Post-it

6 minutes

Slide 3-70


3-84

Special Transport

Transport of Dangerous Goods (ADR)

ADR is a certificate that is prepared for the carriage of dangerous

goods by road. It is intended primarily to increase the safety of

international transport by road, but it is also an important trade

facilitation instrument.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “ADR”.

Show Slide 3-71 and inform the participants about the required

documents for drivers in ADR operations. Give examples if

required.


Facilitator

Post-it

Slide

New Page

7 minutes

Slide 3-71


3-85

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Validity of

ADR Certificate”.

What dangerous goods are transported by land?


Write the answers of the participants on the flipchart.

Classes of Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods are articles or substances which are capable of

posing a significant risk to health, safety or to property when

transported by road. There is a label for each class/division in order

to categorize the nature of the hazard. These labels must be affixed

to the outside of the package when it is offered for transport and

must remain on the package while it is in transit.


Post-it

Question

Flipchart

New Page

8 minutes

Facilitator


3-86

Show Slide 3-72 and describe the nature of each class of

dangerous goods.

Describe the classes up to 4.3 in this slide.


Slide

New Page

Attention

Slide 3-72


3-87

Show Slide 3-73 and continue describing the remaining classes.

What are the driver responsibilities in an ADR Operation?



Slide

New Page

Question

Slide 3-73


3-88

ADR Check

Inform the participants about ADR check. Attention that ADR checks

should be carry out using a list of common items applicable to such

transport. Discuss the advantages of harmonization on dangerous

goods transportation in SECI region.

What is the difference between a dangerous goods carrier and

a normal carrier?



Facilitator

Question

New Page

14 minutes


3-89

ADR Cheklist Fill

�� After this exercise the participants will be able to fill the ADR

checklist correctly.

�� Explain each item in the document.

�� Let the participants fill the document.

�� Select several of the documents and give feedback to the

participants.


Exercise

15 minutes

New Page


3-90


New Page


3-91

Show Slide 3-74 and explain the infringements in ADR operations.

Show Slide 3-75 and continue explaining the infringements in ADR

operations.



Slide

New Page

Slide

Slide 3-75

Break

Slide 3-74


3-92

Livestock Transportation

The shipment of livestock is carried out by a small number of freight

forwarding firms that specialized in this type of transportation.

Show Slide 3-76 and explain the factors effecting journey plans of

livestock transportations. Clarify each factor with examples.


4 minutes

Facilitator

Slide

New Page

Slide 3-76


3-93

It is important to complete all necessary health certificates of

animals. Attention that the route followed does not jeopardize the

health of the animals in any way.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box

“Preliminaries”.

Preparation of Animals

Show Slide 3-77 and inform the participants about the preparation

of cattle before transportation. Clarify each item with examples.


Facilitator

Post-it

Slide

New Page

4 minutes

Slide 3-77


3-94

It is important to clean the transport unit before loading animals. If

necessary the transport unit should disinfected before loading and

after unloading. Personnel’s outer clothing and footwear should be

changed, washed or cleaned at the end of the journey and before

contact with any other animal.

Designation of a Person in Charge

In long journeys the presence of a second driver or an attendant is

indispensable. Each consignment of cattle should be accompanied

by the attendant who is in charge of looking after the animals and

feeding and watering them.

Loading

It is important to load animals without injuring. Loading should take

place from a properly constructed ramp, lift or loading bay. All

loading facilities should be suitable for their purpose, stable and

maintained in a good state of repair.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Loading of

Animals”.


Facilitator

Facilitator

Facilitator

Post-it

2 minutes

4 minutes

New Page


3-95

Show Slide 3-78 and explain the standards for a loading ramp.

Transport

Vehicles must be suitable for the transportation of cattle throughout

the journey. Each vehicle must be capable of being cleansed and

disinfected. Also, they must be capable of containing animal effluent

during the journey. Appropriate indications or symbols on the

outside of the vehicle should make clear that live animals are being

carried.


Slide

Facilitator

New Page

3 minutes

Slide 3-78


3-96

Stocking Density

Show Slide 3-79 inform the participants about stocking densities of

animals.

Duration and Interruption of the Journey

The animals should be transported to their destination as soon as

possible and delays, particularly in transshipment and marshalling

yards, should be reduced to a minimum. The animals should be

inspected approximately every 6 hours and especially when the

welfare of the animals could be in doubt.

Post-transport

On arrival at their destination the animals should be unloaded as

soon as possible, offered water and, if necessary, food and be

allowed to rest. All animals should be examined closely at unloading

and veterinary assistance obtained if necessary.


Slide

3 minutes

2 minutes

2 minutes

New Page

Facilitator

Facilitator

Slide3-79


3-97

Transport of Perishable Food Stuff

Inform the participants about the international carriage of perishable

Foodstuffs.

Combined Transport

Combined transport means that each mode of transport takes over

a part of the transport task that it can perform best. Explain and

discuss the advantages and disadvantages of combined transport.


1 minute

Facilitator

5 minutes

Facilitator

New Page


3-98

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Combined

Transport”.

Show Slide 3-80 explain the combined transport process on the

screen.

Combined transport links the advantages inherent to the two modes

of transport. On the one hand one has the efficiency of rail transport

in moving bulk freight which makes it ideal for long-distance

operations. On the other hand there are the unrivaled advantages of

the truck in bulk and distribution transport over short and medium

distances.

Continue techniques of combined transport from next page.


Slide

Post-it

Facilitator

New Page

Attention

Slide 3-80


3-99

Techniques of Combined Transport

Combined transport groups single consignments together into large

standardized loading units that can be easily transferred between

ship, wagon and truck. There are two techniques in combined

transport. One way is to transfer removable swap bodies with train.

The other is to carry whole semi trailer on the train.

Direct the attention of the participants to the post-it box “Special

Features”.


Facilitator

Post-it

New Page

2 minutes


3-100

Summary

Summarize the important points of the module and continue

process with the progress check .

Transportation activities play an important role on the economic growth of the countries.

Transport is an integral part of all social and economic activities. Today six million people work

directly for the trucking industry in Europe. These are drivers, logistics experts, forwarders and

so on.

The differing fiscal policies adapted by SECI countries inevitably lead to conditions of

unfair competition. The standardization of vehicle taxes, tolls and fuel excise duties further

contribute to the formation of the single road transport market in the EU.

The lack of harmonization, along with the violation of practices already in place, has a

negative economic impact on the economies of all countries involved and inhibits fair

competition and growth in the region. To date a number of initiatives have been implemented to

standardize trade practices in the area, however until a common view is seen from all

governments these efforts cannot be fully effective.

Solutions to transport and trade problems in the SECI region are needed in order to

continue and increase trade in the region. These problems can be overcome by harmonizing

trade and transport practices in all member countries and in all areas of the transport sector

within the region.


Summary

New Page

3 minutes


3-101


New Page


3-102

Progress Check

Let the participants take the test and explain the correct answer for

each question after completion of the test.

1. Specialists in international shipping arrangements for goods, whether by

water, air, truck, or rail; international or within a country. Those people

are;

a. International road transporters

b. Travel agents

c. International freight forwarders

d. Drivers

e. Customs Brokers

2. Which of the following does not match with the functions of logistics?

a. Provision of, or access to the goods

b. Storage of goods

c. Transportation of the goods

d. Marketing the goods

e. Arranging cargo insurance

3. Which of the following does not concern with the common characteristics

of services?

a. Services are intangible

b. Can be kept in stock

c. Services are series of activities

d. Customers participate in production

e. Cannot be kept in stock

Check

15 minutes


3-103

4. When checking a trailer externally,

a. Control the torn in curtain

b. Control the damage to panels

c. Control the lights

d. Control the position of cords

e. Control the damage to panels

5. Which of the following is wrong?

Truck drivers must demonstrate knowledge and sound understanding in

the following areas:

a. The effect of the wind on the course of the vehicle

b. Rules on driving hours, rest periods and use of the tachograph

c. Rules on vehicle weights and dimension

d. Reading a road map

e. The effects of journeys on drivers

6. Which of the following is wrong about the driving and rest periods?

a. The daily driving period is 9 hours (ten hours twice a week)

b. In each period of 24 hours, the driver should have a daily rest period

of at least 11 consecutive hours

c. Total of weekly rest is 36 consecutive hours

d. Total of weekly rest is 45 consecutive hours

e. No continuous driving period shall exceed four hours


3-104

7. Which of the following is wrong?

In the event of an accident:

a. Do not give any information and call your company immediately

b. Note the full name and address of third party

c. Note the exact location of the accident or damage

d. Stop immediately, identify yourself and give information concerning

your vehicle

e. Take the details of any police officer attending

8. ADR concerns with the;

a. International carriage of goods

b. Transportation of the dangerous goods

c. Transportation of perishable food stuff

d. Carriage of livestock

e. National carriage of goods

9. According to the contract of carriage in which circumstances the carrier is

liable?

a. Defective condition of packing in the case of goods

b. The carriage of livestock

c. When the goods are loaded by the sender

d. Total or partial loss of goods at the place of delivery

e. Insufficiency of marks or numbers on the packages


3-105

10. Which of the following is wrong? When transporting livestock;

a. It is important to plan journey before transportation

b. All necessary health certificates should be obtained

c. Animals should be prepared in care

d. Transport unit should be cleaned

e. Veterinary certificates should be provided according to the

request of consignee

module 3: transport operations facilitator - world...

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