module 4: temporary sediment controls. learning objectives n identify locations for sediment control...
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Module 4: Temporary Sediment ControlsModule 4: Temporary Sediment Controls
Learning Objectives Learning Objectives
Identify locations for sediment control BMPs
Identify applications for different types of sediment control BMPs
Identify installation requirements for sediment control BMPs
Groups of BMP TechniquesGroups of BMP Techniques
Soil Stabilization
Sediment Control
Other BMPs
• Tracking Controls
• Wind Erosion Controls
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Sediment Control BMPs IntroductionSediment Control BMPs Introduction
Filtration: Silt Fence BMP
Basins and Traps: Desilting Basin, Sediment Trap, and Check Dam BMPs
Removal: Street Sweeping and Vacuuming BMP
Interception: Fiber Rolls, Gravel Bag Berm, Sand Bag, and Strawbale BMPs
Inlet Protection BMP
Silt Fence BMP (SC1)Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Field Manual –Page 62
Silt Fence BMP (SC1) Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Use
Toe of bare slopes
Down slope of exposed soil stockpiles along critical areas such as streams
Silt Fence BMP (SC1)Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Limitations
Not in mid-slope locations or slopes steeper than 4:1
Maintenance required
Not for large water volumes
Not for live streams
Silt Fence BMP (SC1)Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Additional Considerations
Keying in fence (vertical entrenchment or ‘L’ entrenchment)
Stabilized or unstabilized installation
Proper positioning
• Toe of slope
• On the contour
Silt Fence BMP (SC1)Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Silt Fence BMP (SC1)Silt Fence BMP (SC1)
Silt Fence BMP Detail (SC1)
Silt Fence BMP Detail (SC1)
Silt Fence Cross Section
Silt Fence Oblique View
Anchor Trench
Support Fencing
Field Manual –Page 65
Desilting Basin (SC2)Desilting Basin (SC2)
Field Manual –Page 66
Use
Sediment may enter drainage or watercourse (cannot be used within a waterway)
Drainage area is between 2 and 4 ha (5-10 acres)
Failure will not cause loss of life or property
Desilting Basin (SC2)Desilting Basin (SC2)
Desilting Basin (SC2)Desilting Basin (SC2)
Limitations
Requires large surface area for settlement
Cannot be located in live stream
May be a safety concern requiring fencing
Risk of failure under high flow conditions
Desilting Basin (SC2)Desilting Basin (SC2)
Additional Considerations
Locate where permanent detention basins will be
Size
capacity equal to 100 m3 of storage per hectare
length more than twice the width
1 to 1.5 m depth
Desilting Basin (SC2)Desilting Basin (SC2)
Additional Considerations (cont)
Overflows or bypasses protected from scour
Drainage within 72 hours following storm events
• Access for maintenance
• Inlet protection: rock or vegetation
• Forebay to collect debris
• “High hazard” Basins must be approved by P.E.
Desilting Basin BMP Detail (SC2)
Desilting Basin BMP Detail (SC2) Stabilized Outlet
Emergency Spillway
Stabilized Inlet
Field Manual –Pages 70 and 71
Sediment Trap (SC3)Sediment Trap (SC3)
Field Manual –Page 72
Use
Located across a drainage way
Excavated/constructed of earthen material
For drainage areas < 2ha
Sediment Trap (SC3)Sediment Trap (SC3)
Sediment Trap (SC3)Sediment Trap (SC3)
Limitations
Requires large surface area to permit settling
Not appropriate for drainage areas > 2ha
Hazardous; may require fencing
Not appropriate in live stream
May be a safety concern requiring fencing
Sediment Trap (SC3)Sediment Trap (SC3)
Additional Considerations
Use where failure will not cause loss of life or property
Capacity and Dimensions
Settling zone: 130 m3/ha of drainage area
storage zone: 65 m3/ha of drainage area
Length to width >3:1
Sediment Trap (SC3)Sediment Trap (SC3)
Additional Considerations (cont)
Basins >1,000m3 and/or levees >1.5m must be approved by registered PE
Must have access for maintenance
Sediment Trap BMP Detail (SC3)
Sediment Trap BMP Detail (SC3)
Sediment trap
Stabilized Oultet
Field Manual –Page 75
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Field Manual –Page 76
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Use
Located across a drainage way
Constructed of rocks, sandbags, or fiber rolls
Small channels and drainage areas < 4ha
Can be used in steep channels with high runoff velocities
In association with grass-lined channels
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Limitations
Not appropriate for channel areas > 4ha
Not in live stream areas or well-vegetated channels
Will require maintenance after high flows
Sediment can be re-suspended
Not to be constructed using silt fence
Additional Considerations
Dam height and spacing
Safely pass high stormwater flows
Remove when grass established
Hand work may be required to shape dam
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Check Dams (SC4)Check Dams (SC4)
Check Dams BMP Detail (SC4)
Check Dams BMP Detail (SC4)
Check Dam Cross Section
Lowered Center Spillway
Field Manual –Page 78
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)
Sediment Control Basin
Field Manual –Page 100
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)
Use
One or a series of small dugout basins located within a flow channel
Reduce runoff velocity, promote sediment retention
Sediment traps, interceptor ditches, toe of slope protection
Spacing dependent on ditch slope
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)
Limitations
Not to be used in live streams
Not to be used in vegetated channels
Require maintenance
Trapped sediment can be resuspended during subsequent storms
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)Dugout Ditch Basin BMP (SC11)
Additional Considerations
Designed for 2-year, 24 hour rain event
Can remain in place and seeded with permanent seeding of ditch
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP Detail (SC11)
Dugout Ditch Basin BMP Detail (SC11)
Cross Section
Dugout basins
Field Manual –Page 102
Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6) Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)
SC5 - Field Manual –Page 79
SC6 - Field Manual –Page 82
Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)
Use
Designed to shorten slope lengths and intercept and slow sheet flow, reduce flow velocity, and trap and remove some sediment
Fiber Rolls - straw, flax, rolled and bound
Gravel Bag Berms - a single roll of gravel bags
Used on the face of slopes, at the top of slopes, and at grade breaks
Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)
Limitations
Gravel Bags may rupture when removed, are laborious to install, and have limited durability for long projects
Fiber rolls may not degrade in the short term
Additional Considerations
Locate on level contour
Fiber rolls are typically left in place
Gravel bag berms may be removed
Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)Fiber Rolls (SC5) and Gravel Bag Berm (SC6)
Fiber Rolls
Fiber Rolls BMP Detail (SC5)Fiber Rolls BMP Detail (SC5)
Roll Anchored in Trench
Rolls placed on contour
Field Manual –Page 81
Gravel Berm Bag BMP Detail (SC6)
Gravel Berm Bag BMP Detail (SC6)
Gravel Bags placed on contour
Field Manual –Page 84
Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)
Field Manual –Page 85
Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)
Use
Remove tracked soil to prevent it’s entry into storm drain or watercourse
Limitations
Not effective in wet conditions
May require daily treatment
Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)
Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)Street Sweeping and Vacuuming (SC7)
Additional Considerations
May collect hazardous materials
Sandbag Barrier (SC8)Sandbag Barrier (SC8)
Field Manual –Page 87
Sandbag Barrier (SC8)Sandbag Barrier (SC8)
Use
Linear barrier of stacked sandbags
Slows sheet water flow
Increases detention time and sedimentation
Sandbag Barrier (SC8)Sandbag Barrier (SC8)
Limitations
Installation can be labor intensive
Only where the up-gradient area is small (i.e., < 2 ha)
Limited durability
Sandbag Barrier (SC8)Sandbag Barrier (SC8)
Additional Considerations
To create a temporary sediment basin
As sediment berms in stream beds (< 2ha)
When extended construction period limits the use of either silt fences or straw bale barriers
Along the perimeter of vehicle and equipment fueling and maintenance areas or chemical storage areas
To capture and detain non-storm water flows until proper cleaning operations occur
Sand Bag Barriers BMP Detail (SC8)
Sand Bag Barriers BMP Detail (SC8)
Plan View
Lowered Center Spillway
Field Manual –Page 90
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Field Manual –Page 91
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Use
Linear barrier of straw bales designed to intercept and slow sheet flow
Increases on-site detention time and sedimentation
Along the perimeter of site and stream channels
Along roadways and around stockpiles
Across minor swales
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Limitations
Not in channels or live streams with high flows
Labor intensive installation and removal
Maintenance intensive (disintegration)
Can not be used on paved surfaces
Drainage area small (<100m) slopes short (30m)
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Additional Considerations
Wooden stakes used to anchor bales to soil
Bales embedded into soil
Install bales on the contour
Tightly abut bales
Offset second rows of bales when used
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)Straw Bale Barriers (SC9)
Straw Bale Barriers BMP Detail (SC9)
Straw Bale Barriers BMP Detail (SC9)
Bales embedded in soil
Bales overlapping
Bales anchored with stakes
Field Manual –Page 93
Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)
Field Manual –Page 94
Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)
Use
Devices used to prevent sediment from entering storm drains
Used with other BMPs as the last defense
Appropriate Use:
Where ponding of water will not cause flooding
During wet and snow-melt seasons
Need to allow water into inlet
Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)
Limitations
Last line of defense
High flow may damage
Heavily sediment laden storm water may plug
Adversely effected by ponding
Additional Considerations
Various BMPs applicable to sediment control
Filter fabric
Sandbags
Straw bales
Gravel check dam
Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)Storm Drain Inlet Protection (SC10)
No inlet protection
Filter Fabric Application
Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP Detail (SC10)
Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP Detail (SC10)
Straw Bale Application Filter Fabric
Application
Field Manual –Page 98
Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP Detail (SC10)
Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP Detail (SC10)
Sand Bag Application
Gravel Check Dam Application
Field Manual –Page 99
Summary of SC BMPsSummary of SC BMPs
Toolbox of different techniques
Need to be adapted to site conditions
Capture sediment from runoff
Require maintenance
Generally removed after vegetation established
Discussion photoDiscussion photo
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The end of Sediment Control BMPsThe end of Sediment Control BMPs
Discussion