Module 7Module 7

Adverse Driving ConditionsAdverse Driving ConditionsCollision AvoidanceCollision AvoidanceSeatbeltsSeatbeltsMotorcycle SafetyMotorcycle SafetyDistracted DrivingDistracted Driving

Changing a TireChanging a Tire Mod 7 requires that you change a tire. Mod 7 requires that you change a tire. The procedure is on the assignment pageThe procedure is on the assignment page Also can find that info in your owners manualAlso can find that info in your owners manual You need to change the tire in front of an adult You need to change the tire in front of an adult

who will sign off that you did, indeed, change a who will sign off that you did, indeed, change a tiretire

Impact CardsImpact Cards Group OneGroup One::

What are the procedures to be used when the wheels on What are the procedures to be used when the wheels on one side of the car or other drop off the pavement edge?one side of the car or other drop off the pavement edge?

What is meant by avoiding or minimizing impact?What is meant by avoiding or minimizing impact?

Group TwoGroup Two:: What should be done if/when you are involved in a What should be done if/when you are involved in a

collision?collision? What is meant by the “FORCE OF IMPACT?”What is meant by the “FORCE OF IMPACT?”

Group ThreeGroup Three:: What can we conclude about force of impact and the What can we conclude about force of impact and the

chance of death, injury & damages?chance of death, injury & damages?

Impact CardsImpact Cards Group FourGroup Four

What is the collision with the greatest potential danger? Why?What is the collision with the greatest potential danger? Why? What are the basic escape actions open to a driver when a crash is imminent?What are the basic escape actions open to a driver when a crash is imminent?

Group FiveGroup Five What effect does the angle of impact have on the force of impact? Give What effect does the angle of impact have on the force of impact? Give

examplesexamples What are some things traffic and highway engineers have done to help reduce What are some things traffic and highway engineers have done to help reduce

the force of impact in collisions?the force of impact in collisions?

Group SixGroup Six If there is a collision imminent, what should drivers and passengers do?If there is a collision imminent, what should drivers and passengers do? What is meant by the statement, “In every crash, there are really 3 collisions?What is meant by the statement, “In every crash, there are really 3 collisions?

Distracted DrivingDistracted Driving Cell PhonesCell Phones

Washington State Law: Hands Free ONLYWashington State Law: Hands Free ONLY No cell phones under IDL restrictionsNo cell phones under IDL restrictions

TextingTexting Washington State Law: ILLEGALWashington State Law: ILLEGAL

MusicMusic No laws against listening to musicNo laws against listening to music Some communities have “Noise Ordinances”Some communities have “Noise Ordinances”

MADD’s The First SecondMADD’s The First Second.1 The front bumper and grill collapse.2 The hood crumbles – rising and striking the windshield – as the wheels lift

of the ground. The bumper wraps around the object struck. Any loose items continue forward at full speed. Legs, knees and ankles may snap.

.3 The steering wheel in older cars will disintegrate and the column aims at the drivers chest. (in newer cars, the airbag will save you)

.4 The front 2 feet of the car are wrecked, but the back is still going 35 mph. Your body is still moving at 55 mph if you weren’t wearing a seatbelt.

.5 The driver is impaled by the steering column and blood rushes into the lungs (if no airbag)

.6 The driver’s feet have been ripped from their shoes. The car frame buckles in the middle. The driver’s head smashed into the windshield as the rear tires return to the ground.

.7 Hinges rip loose. Doors fly open and the seats may break from the frame. Any loose items will strike the driver from behind.

.8 Nothing matters by now. The driver is dead (without airbags or seatbelts)

???HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE WITH A SEATBELT AND AIRBAGS??????HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE WITH A SEATBELT AND AIRBAGS???

Avoiding CollisionsAvoiding Collisions

Threshold BrakingThreshold Braking Evasive Action Steering (bump to bump)Evasive Action Steering (bump to bump) Evasive Action + Threshold BrakingEvasive Action + Threshold Braking Thrust AccelerationThrust Acceleration

Imminent CrashesImminent Crashes

1)1) Look for SAFE place to bail outLook for SAFE place to bail out• Won’t cause injury to youWon’t cause injury to you• Won’t cause injury to othersWon’t cause injury to others• Hopefully will avoid damage to your car or other propertyHopefully will avoid damage to your car or other property

2)2) If no safe place to bail out . . .If no safe place to bail out . . .• Turn car to create an angle (“glancing blow”)Turn car to create an angle (“glancing blow”)• Decrease the “force of impact”Decrease the “force of impact”

3)3) SLOW DOWN as much as possibleSLOW DOWN as much as possible• Decrease the “force of impactDecrease the “force of impact

4)4) Aim for something softAim for something soft Shrub, yard, bushes, etcShrub, yard, bushes, etc

SeatbeltsSeatbelts

Lap BeltsLap Belts DesignDesign How to wear correctlyHow to wear correctly

Shoulder BeltsShoulder Belts DesignDesign How to wear correctlyHow to wear correctly

Passive RestraintsPassive Restraints DesignDesign How to wear correctlyHow to wear correctly

Seatbelt LawsSeatbelt Laws

What is the seatbelt law in What is the seatbelt law in Washington stateWashington state??

There must be a seatbelt for each person in the vehicleThere must be a seatbelt for each person in the vehicle

Children under the age of 3 must be in an approved car seatChildren under the age of 3 must be in an approved car seat

Children under 4’8” or 80 lbs must be in a booster seatChildren under 4’8” or 80 lbs must be in a booster seat

All people in a vehicle must wear a seat beltAll people in a vehicle must wear a seat belt

Limited VisibilityLimited Visibility Keep Windows (glass) cleanKeep Windows (glass) clean Headlight UseHeadlight Use

Low BeamsLow Beams Beams hit road at 100’ to 150’Beams hit road at 100’ to 150’ May Illuminate from 300’ to 500’May Illuminate from 300’ to 500’ Load affects distanceLoad affects distance Maximum Safe Speed . . . 40 mphMaximum Safe Speed . . . 40 mph

High Beams High Beams Beams hit road at 300’ to 500’Beams hit road at 300’ to 500’ May illuminate from 500’ to 1800’May illuminate from 500’ to 1800’ Load affects distanceLoad affects distance Maximum Safe Speed . . . 60 mphMaximum Safe Speed . . . 60 mph

Adjustments for Problems Caused by Limited Adjustments for Problems Caused by Limited VisibilityVisibility

SLOW DOWN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!SLOW DOWN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Low Beams unless no oncoming traffic or can see the tail Low Beams unless no oncoming traffic or can see the tail

lights of the vehicle in front of youlights of the vehicle in front of you

Night DrivingNight Driving Maintain VisibilityMaintain Visibility

Driver ability to watch is reducedDriver ability to watch is reduced Letting Others See Your VehicleLetting Others See Your Vehicle

Headlight Use RulesHeadlight Use Rules ½ hour after sunset until ½ before sunrise½ hour after sunset until ½ before sunrise Lowbeams – minimum of 300 feet following distanceLowbeams – minimum of 300 feet following distance Highbeams – must dim within 500 feet of oncoming vehiclesHighbeams – must dim within 500 feet of oncoming vehicles

Parking Light UsageParking Light Usage Illegal to drive with just your parking lights onIllegal to drive with just your parking lights on

Glare RecoveryGlare Recovery Limits your ability to see for a short amount of time – try to avoid glareLimits your ability to see for a short amount of time – try to avoid glare

Dashboard LightingDashboard Lighting Set at lowest light level where you can clearly read your dashboardSet at lowest light level where you can clearly read your dashboard

Adverse Weather ConditionsAdverse Weather Conditions May limit your visibility (rain, snow, wind)May limit your visibility (rain, snow, wind)

Limited VisibilityLimited VisibilitySpecial ConditionsSpecial Conditions

Sun GlareSun Glare Dusk, TwilightDusk, Twilight FogFog RainRain SnowSnow Overnight temperature below freezingOvernight temperature below freezing Loading the carLoading the car

Special Driving Special Driving ConditionsConditions

Extended Cold (below freezing)Extended Cold (below freezing) Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Maintenance PrecautionsPrecautions

Hot Weather (100+ degrees)Hot Weather (100+ degrees) Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Maintenance

High WindsHigh Winds PrecautionsPrecautions

Driving ConditionsDriving Conditions

Extended ColdExtended Cold How does it impact driving?How does it impact driving? How can you compensate for it?How can you compensate for it?

Hot WeatherHot Weather How does it impact driving?How does it impact driving? How can you compensate for it?How can you compensate for it?

Strong WindsStrong Winds How does it impact driving?How does it impact driving? How can you compensate for it?How can you compensate for it?

Collision AvoidanceCollision Avoidance Space/Area ManagementSpace/Area Management

Control areas around your carControl areas around your car Look for open/closed space areasLook for open/closed space areas Act on speed and position changesAct on speed and position changes

When prevention fails, loss control becomes a When prevention fails, loss control becomes a prioritypriority

Threshold BrakingThreshold Braking Evasive SteeringEvasive Steering Trust AccelerationTrust Acceleration Maintain Vehicle BalanceMaintain Vehicle Balance

Balance loss causes traction lossBalance loss causes traction loss Simultaneous steering, braking and/or acceleration Simultaneous steering, braking and/or acceleration

upsets vehicle balanceupsets vehicle balance Traction loss compounds crash resultsTraction loss compounds crash results

Traction Loss CausesTraction Loss Causes

Locking the BrakesLocking the Brakes HydroplaningHydroplaning Snow – IceSnow – Ice SpeedSpeed Little/No Tread on TiresLittle/No Tread on Tires

Traction Loss – Rear WheelTraction Loss – Rear Wheel

HOW TO RECOGNIZEHOW TO RECOGNIZE: The back of your car will move around : The back of your car will move around the side or you will suddenly be facing a direction you do not want the side or you will suddenly be facing a direction you do not want to goto go

WHAT TO DOWHAT TO DO: : Release the acceleratorRelease the accelerator DO NOT BRAKEDO NOT BRAKE Steer into the skid (aim are where you wanted to go)Steer into the skid (aim are where you wanted to go) Accelerate slightly to regain traction controlAccelerate slightly to regain traction control

Traction Loss: Front WheelTraction Loss: Front Wheel

HOW TO RECOGNIZEHOW TO RECOGNIZE: You cannot steer your car (even when : You cannot steer your car (even when you try turning the wheelyou try turning the wheel

WHAT TO DOWHAT TO DO:: Release the gas pedalRelease the gas pedal Steer towards intended direction of car (continue to try until you Steer towards intended direction of car (continue to try until you

regain control of your car)regain control of your car) Brake slightly to regain traction controlBrake slightly to regain traction control

New Vehicle TechnologyNew Vehicle Technologyaids avoidance techniquesaids avoidance techniques

Antilock Brakes (ABS)Antilock Brakes (ABS) Youtube – Safe Braking with ABSYoutube – Safe Braking with ABS

Traction Control DesignTraction Control Design Suspension Control DesignSuspension Control Design

Vehicle BalanceVehicle Balance

Vehicle imbalance can cause loss of Vehicle imbalance can cause loss of control of the car.control of the car.

Braking causes vehicle to shift forward Braking causes vehicle to shift forward (weight on the front tires – braking difficulties)(weight on the front tires – braking difficulties)

Accelerating causes vehicle to shift backwards Accelerating causes vehicle to shift backwards (weight on back tires – steering difficulties)(weight on back tires – steering difficulties)

Going around a corner too hardGoing around a corner too hard(weight on the outside two wheels – causes both steering and braking difficulties)(weight on the outside two wheels – causes both steering and braking difficulties)

Vehicle MalfunctionsVehicle Malfunctions

Accelerator FailureAccelerator Failure Recognizing the Problem:Recognizing the Problem:

Pedal will remain down even when you release itPedal will remain down even when you release it Car will continue to speed up even after you release Car will continue to speed up even after you release

the acceleratorthe accelerator

Procedures:Procedures: Try to release the accelerator pedalTry to release the accelerator pedal Shift to “NEUTRAL”Shift to “NEUTRAL” MSH, brake to a stopMSH, brake to a stop

Vehicle MalfunctionsVehicle Malfunctions

Brake FailureBrake Failure Recognizing the Problem:Recognizing the Problem:

Pedal “soft” to the touchPedal “soft” to the touch Can’t slow downCan’t slow down

Procedures:Procedures: Pump the brakesPump the brakes Use “emergency” brakeUse “emergency” brake Down shiftDown shift

Vehicle MalfunctionsVehicle Malfunctions

Engine Stalls While MovingEngine Stalls While Moving Recognizing Problem:Recognizing Problem:

Engine cuts outEngine cuts out May have problems steering/brakingMay have problems steering/braking Engine electronics may not workEngine electronics may not work

Procedures:Procedures: Shift into “NEUTRAL”Shift into “NEUTRAL” Try to restart engineTry to restart engine DO NOT TURN KEY OFFDO NOT TURN KEY OFF MSH, brake to a stopMSH, brake to a stop

Vehicle MalfunctionsVehicle Malfunctions

Tire Blow OutTire Blow Out Recognizing the Problem:Recognizing the Problem:

Wobbly feelingWobbly feeling Car “pulls” to the side (slightly or hard)Car “pulls” to the side (slightly or hard)

Procedures:Procedures: Get a firm grip on the wheelGet a firm grip on the wheel MSH, brake to a stop in a safe areaMSH, brake to a stop in a safe area Change your tire or call for assistanceChange your tire or call for assistance