module 8 – 12’: skin diseases and disorders
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Module 8 – 12’: Skin Diseases and Disorders. Introduction. Skin care begins with understanding its underlying structure and basic needs You must recognize adverse conditions Inflamed skin Diseases Infectious skin disorders. Skin care specialists are in high demand High end salons/spas - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Module 8 – 12’: Skin Diseases and Disorders
Introduction Skin care begins with understanding its
underlying structure and basic needs You must recognize adverse conditions
Inflamed skin Diseases Infectious skin disorders
Skin care specialists are in high demand High end salons/spas Work less arduous and physically
demanding
Aging of the Skin Process that takes many years Do not necessarily age as your parents
Intrinsic Factors Genetic aging
How your parents aged Their skin coloring Resistance to sun damage
Gravity
Facial expressions Repeated movements – expression lines Crow’s feet – eyes Nasolabial folds – corners of the nose Scowl lines – between eyes
Extrinsic Factors Primarily environmental factors Up to 85% of skin aging What we choose to put into our bodies
has a profound effect on the over all aging process
Sun Exposure Tanning= no-no Daily doses – damaging causing # 1 cause of premature aging Use broad spectrum sunscreen every day –
(most makeup has)
Smoking Free Radicals – unstable molecules that cause
biochemical aging Causes premature wrinkling of the skin Weakening and contractions of the blood
vessels and small capillaries Tissues are deprived of essential oxygen Skin may have a yellow or gray tone to it
and a dullness
Alcohol Causes body to repair itself poorly Interferes with proper nutrition distribution
for skin & body tissues Over dilates the blood vessels and
capillaries Causes capillaries to weaken and burst Flushed appearance and blotchy red eyes Dehydrates the skin by drawing out
essential water Causing the skin to appear dull and dry
Smoking & Alcohol Combination can be devastating to the
skin Constant dilation and contraction of
capillaries and blood vessels as well as oxygen and water deprivation quickly make skin appear lifeless and dull
Difficult for skin to adjust and repair itself
Illegal drug use Similar effects of smoking Interfere with body’s intake of oxygen –
affecting healthy cell growth Some can aggravate skin conditions – acne Dryness and allergic reactions on skin
surface
Cumulative stress – Causes biochemical changes that lead to
tissue damage Poor nutrition – deprives skin of
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals needed
Exposure to pollution – produces free radicals and interferes with oxygen consumption
Outside factors that influence aging Sun Environment Health habits General lifestyle
Heredity has little to do with the aging process when above factors are so great (15%)
The Sun and its Effects The sun and its UV rays have the
greatest impact 80 – 85 % of our aging process is
caused by the rays Collagen and elastin fibers weaken as
we age Happens faster when skin is frequently
exposed
UVA Rays “Aging rays” 90 – 95% rays reach the earth Rays weaken the collagen and elastin
fibers Causes wrinkling and sagging in skin
tissues
UVB Rays “Burning” rays Affects the melanocytes
Rays can destroy melanocytes cells so they can no longer protect the skin
Do not penetrate as deep as UVA rays Can be equally damaging to the skin and eyes
UVB rays do contribute to the body’s absorption of vitamin D
UVB rays - cause Sunburns Tanning Majority of skin cancers Shorter rays that penetrate at the base of
epidermis
Precautions Sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher Avoid exposure during peak hours (10
am – 3 pm) Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before
exposure to allow for absorption Reapply sunscreen after water activity
and sweating Sunscreen should be full or broad
spectrum to filter both UVA & UVB rays – check expiration dates
Avoid exposure for children under 6 months
Wear protective clothing See Dermatologist regularly if changes
in moles Coloration Size shape
Self-care examinations
Skin Aging and the Environment Air pollutants affect the overall
appearance and health Factories Auto exhaust Secondhand smoke Speeds up the aging process
Follow daily skin routine Washing Exfoliating - Removes dead skin cells Moisturizers Protective lotions Foundation
Disorders of the Skin Objective symptoms
Symptoms that can be seen Subjective symptoms
Symptoms that are those that can be felt Prognosis
Foretelling of probable course of a disease Diagnosis
Recognition of a disease by its symptoms
Occupational Disorders on Cosmetology Dermatitis Venerate – allergies
developed to ingredients in: Cosmetics Antiseptics Cold waving lotions aniline derivative tints
WEAR GLOVES !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Contact Dermatitis An inflammation of the skin caused by
contact with chemicals or substances
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Develops an allergy to an ingredients or
a chemical by repeated skin contact Sensitization –
An allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance
Fingers Face scalp
Irritant Contact Dermatitis When irritating substances temporarily
damage the epidermis Not usually chronic if precautions are
taken Corrosive substances or exfoliants
Inflammation, redness, swelling , itching, burning
WEAR GLOVES!!!!! Or use tongs!!!!!! Hand washing causes dryness and
cracking – use moisturizers
Protect Yourself Keep implements and surfaces clean
and disinfected Wear gloves Keep hands clean and moisturized
Disorders of the Skin You must be prepared to recognize
certain skin conditions Know what you can and cannot work on If you see a skin condition you do not
recognize – refer to a physician DO NOT serve a client who has an
inflamed skin disorder
Lesions of the Skin Lesion – is a mark that may indicate an
injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs Primary Secondary Tertiary
Primary Lesions Different color or raised above surface Bulla – A large blister containing a
watery fluid Cyst – A closed, abnormally developed
sac, containing fluid, semifluid or morbid matter
Primary Lesions Continued Macule – A spot or discoloration on the
skin – freckle Nodule – a solid lump larger than .4
inches, can be easily felt Papule – A pimple, contains no fluid but
may develop pus
Primary Lesions Continued Pustule – An inflamed pimple containing
pus Tubercle – An abnormal rounded, solid
lump
Primary Lesions Continued Tumor – A swelling; an abnormal cell
mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells, varies in size, shape and color
Vesicle – A small blister or sac containing clear fluid – Ex: poison ivy , poison oak
Primary Lesions Continued Wheal – An itchy swollen lesion that
lasts only a few hours Ex: insect bite, urticaria (skin allergy),
hives, mosquito bite
Secondary Lesion Those that develop in the later stages
of disease: Crust - Dead cells that form over a
wound or blemish while it is healing Ex: scab on a sore
Secondary Lesions Continued Excoriation – A skin sore or abrasion
produced by scratching or scraping Ex: brush burn
Fissure – A crack in the skin Ex: chapped lips or hands
Secondary Lesions Continued Keloid – A thick scar Scale – Thin plate of epidermal
flakes, dry or oily Ex: dandruff
Scar – Cicatrix – Light colored, slightly raised mark formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed
Ulcer – An open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands Open Comedo/Comedone – Blackhead –
a wormlike mass of hardened sebum in a hair follicle – keratin and sebum T-zone Sebum exposed to environment, oxidizes
and turn black
Closed Comedo Milia – Whiteheads Should be removed under sterile
conditions using proper extraction procedures
Milia – Whiteheads – benign, keratin filled small, whitish, pear-like masses in/under the
epidermis due to retention of sebum associated with fine-textures, dry skin types Sesame seed –round Eyes, cheeks, forehead
Acne – A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions, bacteria – Propionbacterium acnes Two Types
Simple Acne Acne Vulgaris
Sebaceous Cyst – large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum Scalp, back Surgically removed
Seborrheic dermatitis – skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous gland Redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting,
itchiness Eyebrows, beard, scalp, middle forehead,
sides of nose Cortisone creams, antifungal medications
Rosacea – (formerly - Acne Rosacea) is a chronic congestion appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose Characterized by – redness, dilation of
the blood vessels and the formation of papules and pustules
Cause unknown Aggravated by: spicy foods, caffeine,
alcohol, exposure to extremes of heat and cold or sunlight, and stress
Asteatosis – Is a condition of dry, scaly skin due to a deficiency or absence of sebum, caused by old age and exposure to cold
Steatoma – (Wen) Is a sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor, filled with sebum and ranges in size from a pea to an orange Usually appears on the back, neck or scalp
Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands Anhidrosis – Deficiency in perspiration
Result of a fever or certain skin diseases Requires medical attention
Bromhidrosis – Foul smelling perspiration Usually more noticeable in armpits and feet
Hyperhidrosis – Excessive sweating Cause by: heat or general body weakness Medical attention is required
Miliaria Rubra – Prickly heat – heat rash Characterized by: eruption of small red
vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin
Caused by: exposure to excessive heat
Inflammations of the Skin Dermatitis – Inflammatory condition of
the skin Eczema – An inflammatory, painful
itching disease of the skin Forms: dry or moist Must be referred to a physician Cause unknown Not contagious
Conjunctivitis Pinkeye Bacterial infection of the eyes Products or implements touching infected
eyes MUST be thrown away
Herpes Simplex – Fever blister or cold sore; recurring viral infection Characterized by: eruption of a single
vesicle or group of vesicles on a red swollen base
Lips, nostrils, other parts of face IT IS CONTAGIOUS! Virus remains in person’s body!
Impetigo Contagious bacterial infection Weeping lesions Face (chin area) Children VERY CONTAGIOUS!!!!!!!
Psoriasis – A skin disease characterized by: red patches, covered with
white-silver scales usually found on the scalp elbows, knees,
chest and lower back It is not contagious Caused by cells turning over faster than
normal Irritated – bleeding can occur Not curable
Pigmentations of the Skin Albinism – Congenital
leukoderma/hypopigmentation or absence of melanin pigment of the body Silky hair is white Skin is pinkish white and will not tan Eyes are pink Skin is sensitive to light and ages early
Dyschromias – Abnormal colorations Accompany a skin disorder may mean
systemic disorder Hyperpigmentation
Darker than normal pigmentation Hypopigmentation
Absence of pigment Results in white or light splotches
Chloasma – increased pigmentation on the skin (not elevated) Also called moth patches or liver spots Cumulative sun exposure exfoliation
Lentigines – singular: Lentigo – Technical term for freckles developed by exposure to sunlight and air
Leukoderma – light abnormal patches Caused by: burn or congenital disease that
destroys pigment producing cells Classified as : Vitiligo and albinism
Nevus – birthmark Stain – Abnormal brown or wine-colored
skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape – cause is unknown
Tan – Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet rays
Vitiligo – Milky-white spots – Causes hypopigmented spots and blotches must be protected from overexposure to the
sun (Michael Jackson claimed to have this)
Hypertrophies of the Skin Keratoma – An acquired superficial growth
of the skin – many are benign or harmless Callus Corn – inward growth
Mole – A small brownish spot or blemish on the skin Any change in a mole requires medical
attention
Skin Tag – Small brown or flesh colored outgrowth of the skin
Verruca – Wart – Caused by a virus Is infectious Can spread from one location to another
Hypertrophy – abnormal growth of the skin
Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma – Most common
and least severe characterized by: light or pearly nodules
Squamus Cell Carcinoma – More serious, characterized by: red, scaly, papules or
nodules
Malignant Melanoma – Most serious Characterized by: black or brown patches on
the skin, that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised
Most commonly located on areas of the body not receiving regular sun exposure
Least common, but most serious• Important for cosmetologists to be able to
recognize the appearance of serious disorders to better serve clients
• Cosmetologist should not attempt to diagnose a skin disorder, but should sensitively suggest the client seek medical advise from a dermatologist
Moles A – Asymmetry B – Border C – Color D – Diameter E - Evolving www.cancer.org
Acne & Problem Skin Most people have skin care issues at
some point in their lives Acne is both a disorder an esthetics
issue
Acne is a disorder affected by 2 major factors Heredity hormones
Retention Hyperkeratosis Heredity tendency for acne-prone skin to
retain dead skin cells in the follicle Forming an obstruction Exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions Papules & Pustules
Skin oiliness is heredity Propionibacterium acnes are anaerobic
Bacteria that cannot survive in the presence oxygen
Main food source is fatty acids found in sebum
Bacteria flourish in clogged follicle No oxygen Plenty of food (sebum)
Bacteria multiply Causing inflammation and swelling Eventually rupture
Immune system is altered Blood rushes to ruptured follicle with
white blood cells to fight bacteria Causes redness in pimples
Acne pustule is an inflammatory lesion resulting from wall rupture and infusion of blood
Pustule forms from papule when enough white blood cells form pus
Dead white blood cells
Acne Treatment Use cleaners formulated for oily skin Follicle exfoliants - leave-on products to
remove cell buildup Allows oxygen in to kill bacteria
Avoid products that contain fatty materials Noncomedogenic – designed and proven to
not clog pores/follicles
Do not use harsh products – can cause inflammation and worsen condition
Trained salon and spa professionals can work over mild to moderate cases of acne – specialized education
Definitions Pertaining to Plastic Surgery Rhytidectomy – face lift Blepharoplasty – Eyelid surgery Chemical Peeling – Specially formulated
chemical solution is applied to the areas to be treated A technique for improving the appearance when
wrinkles of the skin are present. The chemical causes a mild, controlled burn of
the skin
Rhinoplasty – Plastic surgery of the nose Mentoplasty – Chin surgery Dermabrasion – A technique to smooth
scared skin by “sanding” irregularities Performed with a rotary abrasive instrument
that thins the skin, making the sharp edges of facial scars less prominent
Micro-dermabrasion – uses a diamond bit to “sand” off skin – “for younger looking skin”
Injectable fillers – tiny injections of collagen may used to raise depressions closer to normal skin level Used for deep scars, acne scaring, deep
aging lines around the mouth or forehead
Ex: Botox