module c answers - yamma-school.com€¦ · what two things could ruth hyman do with her...
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Answers Key
Who's Afraid of the Internet?
1. According to paragraph 1, why didn’t Frank Sher use a computer?
(ii) He was afraid of computers.
(1 0 poi nts )
2. Why did Frank and his wife decide to learn to use email? Give TWO reasons.
(i) The telephone bills were very high.
(ii) The letters took a long time to arrive.
(iii) Their daughter Linda went to college far from home.
(2 0 poi nts )
3. Why did Betty and Frank enjoy David’s computer course? Give ONE reason.
(i) They had a great teacher.
(ii) They learned fast.
(iii) They already sent Linda their first email message in the first lesson.
(1 0 poi nts )
4. What do the students learn in David’s computer course? Name TWO things.
(i) how to write letters on the computer
(ii) how to use the Internet (for many different things)
(iii) how to order books and gifts
(iv) how to look for information (about a city they want to visit)
(2 0 poi nts )
5. What TWO things could Ruth Hyman do with her grandchildren after she took the course?
(i) write letters to them by email
(ii) play computer games with them
(2 0 poi nts )
6. What is the main message of this article?
(ii) People of all ages can learn how to use the Internet.
(1 2 poi nts )
(iii) order v.
ask a store to send you something you want to buy
(8 po in ts )
CHOCOLATE – A WORLD FAVORITE
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE: (paragraph 1)
The cacao seeds were first used by the people in South America
(1 0 poi nts )
2. Why did the Spanish come to South America? (paragraph 1)
ANSWER: To conquer the area
(1 2 poi nts )
3. COMPLETE THE CHART ACCORDING TO THE TEXT.
Year Event
800 years ago 2006-800=1206 People already knew how to make a chocolate drink.
1528 the Spanish conquerors took cacao seeds and the chocolate drink to
Spain
1828 a Dutch scientist discovered that the cacao seeds could also be used
for making chocolate sweets.
(1 8 poi nts )
4. How did cacao seeds reach Holland?
The chocolate drink soon spread from Spain to other countries in Europe.
(1 0 poi nts )
5. What do Belgium, Switzerland and England have in common? (paragraph 2)
They are famous for their chocolate (with nuts, fruits, etc).
(1 0 poi nts )
6. (i) It has good tastes
(ii) It gives them a good source of energy
(2 0 poi nts )
7. (a) YES
(b) Copy the words from the text which prove your answer.
the taste of chocolate reminds people of the happy times of their childhood
(1 0 poi nts )
8. What is the scientific reason that people can say they have for eating chocolate?
certain chemicals in chocolate lower stress.
(1 0 poi nts )
FOOD TEENAGERS EAT
1. (i) More than half of the four thousand teenagers interviewed eat fresh fruits
or vegetables several times a week.
(ii) a large majority of teenagers eat breakfast before they go to school
(1 6 po int s )
2. (i) They tend to eat snacks while they are sitting and watching TV
(ii) TV commercials advertise mainly junk food and candy that the teenagers
then go out and buy.
(1 8 po int s )
3. What is the meaning of the word "course" as it is used in the last line in paragraph 4?
(ii) course n. a series of lessons or studies
(9 p oi nts )
3. FILL IN THE MISSING INFORMATION IN THE CHART BELOW
Eating habits of teenagers twenty years ago
(i) They ate lunch and dinner at home
(ii) They ate healthy food.
(18 p oi nts )
4. Eating habits of teenagers today Kinds of food teenagers eat today
They prefer fast food restaurants.
(i) pizza
(ii) ice cream
(iii) hamburgers
(9 p oi nts ) (12 p oi nts )
What schools are doing to change pupils' eating habits today
(i) Removing the machines that sell candy and snacks.
(ii) Offering inexpensive, healthy meals in the school cafeteria.
(iii) Asking pupils to take a course in nutrition and health.
(18 p oi nts )
UP, UP, AND AWAY
Throughout history, people have dreamed about flying. In June 1783, two French
brothers, Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier, made this dream come true. They built
an enormous balloon out of silk and paper and filled it with hot air. The balloon
flew for a few minutes over the city of Paris with its "passengers"- a sheep, a duck
and a hen. Six months later, the brothers decided to send up a second balloon, this
time with human passengers. However, as they didn't have the courage to fly it
themselves, they asked two of their friends to do it. Their friends agreed and flew
for twenty-five minutes from the center of Paris to a neighboring village.
At first, hot air balloons were used very rarely, but by the beginning of the
twentieth century people found many uses for them. Armies used the invention to
watch battles from the air and to spy on their enemies. Scientists began to use
balloons for weather research and big companies used them to advertise their
products. Today balloons are still used for these purposes.
Recently, ballooning has become a popular activity. Some people build their own
balloons and take part in balloon races and festivals. Other people take tours in
balloons. One of the advantages of such tours is that balloons don't fly very high,
so the passengers can admire the views below. Because balloons also travel at a
slow speed, passengers can really relax and enjoy the flight.
As a method of transportation, however, a hot-air balloon is not very efficient. It
can only fly in good weather and it travels only as fast as the wind blows. It is hard
to steer and therefore passengers are never quite certain where the balloon will
land. The "chase car" solves that problem. It follows the balloon's path, arrives at
the landing spot and collects the passengers. So if you are not in a hurry and you
just want to enjoy the experience, a balloon ride is just for you!
1. FILL IN THE MISSING INFORMATION IN THE TABLE BELOW.( paragraph 1)
Balloon Flights in 1783
Flight Passengers Length of time
First a sheep, a duck and a hen a few minutes
Second two human passengers twenty-five minutes
(4* 6= 24 po in ts )
2. How were balloons used at the beginning of the 20th
century? Name TWO ways
(i) watching battles from the air and to spying on enemies
(ii) conducting weather research by scientists
(iii) advertising companies' products
(2* 10 =20 p oi nts )
3. Today ballooning is a "popular activity". Name TWO of the activities mentioned in
(i) taking part in balloon races and festivals
(ii) taking tours in balloons
(2* 11 =22 p oi nts )
4. (a) According to paragraph 3+4, is flying balloons a fast way to travel? / NO
(7 po int s )
(b) Copy the sentence / phrase that justifies your answer.
Because balloons also travel at a slow speed
OR it travels only as fast as the wind blows
OR f you are not in a hurry and you just want to enjoy the experience
(8 po int s )
5. What is the purpose of the "chase car" mentioned in paragraph 4?
collecting the passengers from the balloon landing spot
(11 p oi nts )
6. What could be another title for this article?
(iii) Hot-air Balloon Travel – Then and Now
(8 po int s )
Reading for Pleasure
1. In 1982, the survey showed that 57% of adults in America read literature. How did
this change in 2002? (paragraph 1)
The number dropped (to 46%)
(10 p oi nts )
2. What reason did people give for watching more TV and reading less?
Watching television is very relaxing and they don't have to think.
(9 po int s )
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
In paragraph 2 the Internet is mentioned as a reason for the decline in reading
(9 po int s )
4. People who read for pleasure also have other interests. Give TWO examples.
(i) Visiting museums / Going to sporting events
(ii) Going to musical performances / Doing more volunteer work
(2* 6= 12 po in ts )
5. People
(i) children improve their vocabulary /
gain knowledge of the world
(ii) students improve their grades
(iii) old people improve their memory
(3* 8= 24 po in ts )
6. How can children be encouraged to read? Name TWO ways.
(i) Parents should read books aloud to their children
(ii) Schools should give children time during the school day to read books they
like.
(2* 8= 16 po in ts )
7. In what way does using the Internet encourage reading? Name ONE way.
People can find book reviews / People can find lists of recommended books on the
Internet.
(9 po int s )
8. What is the main problem discussed in this article?
Nowadays, people don't read enough books / The drop in the number of readers.
(11 p oi nts )
The Power of Laughter
1. Laughing can relax us when we feel under stress / frightened / stressed
(9 p oi nts )
2. One of the following
It strengthens the connections between people.
It makes people feel part of a group.
It gives a feeling of belonging.
(1 0 po int s )
3. People who watched a funny TV program alone laughed less than those who
watched it with other people.
(7 p oi nts )
4. (ii) get people to agree with them
(9 p oi nts )
5. It reduces stress hormones in the body.
(9 p oi nts )
6. They were much calmer.
(9 p oi nts )
7. They trained doctors and nurses to encourage their patients to laugh
(9 p oi nts )
8. (i) a lot of research has been done on laughter
(9 p oi nts )
9. One of the following
They all understand the importance of laughter.
They all understand that in order to do their jobs better they should use laughter.
They all use the power of laughter
(1 0 po int s )
10. (iii) has a strong effect on people
(1 0 po int s )
11. (ii) signal v.
to show or express something
(9 p oi nts )
CAN YOU HEAR ME?
1. What effect does noise have on people? Write ONE effect.
They become / are stressed / They get angry more often.
(1 0 po int s )
2. What has the mayor of New York done to help fight noise?
He has suggested a new law to limit / which limits the noise level (in public places
and in people’s homes).
(1 0 po int s )
3. (a) NO
(b) (was) pleased to hear
(1 0 po int s )
4. CIRCLE THE NUMBER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
(ii) be limited
(8 p oi nts )
5. How is sound measured?
in units called decibels.
(9 p oi nts )
6. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
A car alarm is an example of a noise that is above / over the limit recommended by
the World Health Organization.
(1 0 po in ts )
7. (ii) punish people who make too much noise
(8 p oi nts )
8. (i) the noise level is limited
(1 0 po int s )
9. (a) Frank Kramer, a N.Y taxi driver.
(b) He believes that people who live in the city want some action and that noise is
part of the excitement of city life.
(1 0 po int s )
10. (i) Noise control.
(1 0 po int s )
11. (iii) the environment
(8 p oi nts )
Audio books
1. Who used audio-books in the past?
Blind people
(6 po ints )
2. (i) was too busy
(8 po ints )
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
Both Sandra Harris and George Madison listen to audio-books while (they are)
doing other things.
(10 po in ts )
4. PUT AN X BY THE TWO CORRECT ANSWERS.
…… ii) enjoy reading
…… iv) learn with the whole class
(2 *1 0=2 0 po ints )
5. (a) CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER: YES or NO.
NO
(b) Copy the words that justify your answer.
it is important for kids to read rather than listen \ Dr. Betty Richards has a different
opinion.
(10 po in ts )
6. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. Write TWO things.
According to Dr. Richards reading books helps children (to) develop their
imagination and (to) improve their spelling.
(2* 9=1 8 po int s )
7. CIRCLE THE NUMBER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
(ii) reading is easier than listening to audio-books
(10 po in ts )
8. How do you know that more people buy audio-books today than in the past?
Audio-books sales (have) increased.
(8 po ints )
9. More people are buying \ borrowing \ listening to audio-books instead of reading
books.
(10 po in ts )
IN THE DARK
1. CIRCLE THE NUMBER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
(iii) enjoy themselves
(7 po in ts )
2. Because they feel secure in the dark (so they act as guides for the customers who
can see).
(8 po in ts )
3. Rule Reason
(i) Customers have to put their cellular
phones and watches in a locker.
(i) They both give off light
(ii) Customers can only move around
with the help of a waiter.
(ii) For their own safety
(3 *6 =18 p oi nts )
4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. (PARAGRAPH 3)
According to Anne, eating at the restaurant has made Jim understand the difficulties
she faces every day / what it feels like to depend on other people.
(6 po in ts )
5. Ann always manages to guess what she's eating.
(6 po in ts )
6. PUT AN X BY THE TWO CORRECT ANSWERS. (paragraph 3)
…… ii) It is hard for him to eat without help.
…… iv) He doesn't always know what he is eating.
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
7. To give people a chance to experience what it is like to be blind.
(1 0 poi nts )
8. CIRCLE THE NUMBER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
(i) feel good about themselves when they are there.
(8 po in ts )
9. Why do some blind people disapprove of the restaurant? (paragraph 4)
They think that the restaurant's owner takes advantage of their disability to make
money.
(9 po in ts )
10. i) YES
ii) In the dark is definitely worth a visit.
(4 +6= 10 po in ts )
THE GREAT INVENTIONS FAIR
1. …… i) How often the fair takes place.
…… v) How many inventions are shown at the fair.
(2 *7 =14 p oi nts )
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.( paragraph 2)
Inventors want to exhibit their inventions at the fair because they hope an investor
will buy their invention./ they hope to become rich and famous / they want
fame
(7 po in ts )
3. The "talking ashtray" is mentioned as an example of an invention that (-).
(ii) was a disappointment to its inventor
(7 po in ts )
4. Name TWO reasons why people come to the fair. (paragraph 3)
(1) They are curious.
(2) They want to purchase new inventions.
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
5. Both are environment friendly. / They are both good for the environment.
(1 0 poi nts )
6. How do visitors to the fair influence the success of an invention? (paragraph 4)
They vote for the best invention. / The judges decide on the winner based on
the visitors’ votes.
(8 po in ts )
7. One of the prizes that the winning inventor receives is (-).
(iii) permission to exhibit at future fairs
(6 po in ts )
8. What decisions do the judges have to make before and during the fair?
(1) Before the fair: They choose 300 inventions which are exhibited at the fair.
(2) During the fair: They decide on the winner. / Who the winner is. / What the
best invention is.
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
9. (1) A new kind of environment- friendly car.
(2) A small device that helps owners find lost pets.
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
ORIENTEERING - THE SPORT FOR EVERYONE
1. To explain orienteering. OR
To explain (the sport of) orienteering.
To (give us information / tell us) about orienteering
(1 0 poi nts )
2. …… i) like being in the countryside
…… iv) have to find the quickest route
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
3. He doesn’t have all the flags. OR
He didn’t collect all the flags.
(1 0 poi nts )
4. (ii) a decision a player has to make
(9 po in ts )
5. There are different lengths and difficulties. OR
Families can take short and easy routes. OR
Young people can choose longer and more difficult ones. OR
There are even routes which are suitable for disabled people.
(9 po in ts )
6. It requires map reading. OR
It requires decision-making skills. OR
The players must study the map and remember it. OR
A player has to decide quickly on the best route from one station to the next.
(1 0 poi nts )
7. Environmental:
Players have become more aware of the environment. OR
Players often join organizations which protect nature.
Social:
It is a great way to make friends. OR
Many players have formed clubs. OR
They get together at social events.
(2 *9 =18 p oi nts )
8. More and more orienteering events take place every year. OR
More than 600 events took place in the USA last year. OR
Thousands of people are participating.
(9 po in ts )
9. (iii) Think Before You Run
(9 po in ts )
Distance Learning
1. (iii) studies Japanese at FDLS
(9 po in ts )
2. How is FDLS different from a regular school? Give one answer from paragraph 1.
� It is a virtual school OR
� Students "talk" to their teachers and other students by email. OR
� All courses are on the internet and students study on their computers at home.
(9 po in ts )
3. NO
(ii) � a limited number of courses. OR
� students are only allowed to take a few courses at FDLS.
(9 po in ts )
4. Mr. Rosner mentions two kinds of courses. Which kind did Susan choose?
� a course which is offered only at FDLS. OR
� courses which are offered only at FDLS.
(9 po in ts )
5. (ii) How the class size helps students
(9 po in ts )
6. According to Dr. Grove, who may find it difficult to study at distance learning schools?
Students who lack the self-discipline needed (to study by themselves).
(9 po in ts )
7. According to Dr. Grove what might happen if students go to a regular school less?
They will/ might not learn to communicate with other people.
(9 po in ts )
8. PUT A ���� BY THE TWO CORRECT ANSWERS.
…… i) what advantages distance learning has for students
…… iv) where students learn to communicate with other people
(2 *9 =18 p oi nts )
9. virtual schools will probably never replace regular schools.
(9 po in ts )
10. CIRCLE THE NUMBER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
(i) It describes the way students can study at distance learning schools.
(1 0 poi nts )
THE HEALTHY WAY
1. (ii) the way children go to school
(9 po in ts )
2. (i) explains the purpose of Dr. Miller’s program
(9 po in ts )
3. (iii) parents accept it
(1 0 poi nts )
4. What are the safety problems parents are concerned about and what solutions does Dr.
Miller suggest?
FILL IN THE MISSING INFORMATION IN THE TABLE BELOW (paragraphs 3+4)
The Problem
The Suggested Solution
(1) The children might get hurt in
traffic.
(1) to build bicycle paths
(2) Strangers might harm the children. (2) To organize groups of parents and
teachers to walk with children to and
from school.
(3 *8 =24 p oi nts )
5. According to parents, driving children to school has advantages. Give TWO of these
advantages. (paragraph 5)
(1) It’s the only time they see their children during the day.
(2) It saves time in the morning.
(2 *9 =18 p oi nts )
6. (ii) Children’s health should be parents’ main concern
(1 0 poi nts )
(i) YES
(ii) ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
� She believes they’ll be convinced of the benefits of her program.
� Dr. Miller is certain that once parents learn about her program, they will
change their attitude.
7.
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
� It is healthy.
� To get (enough) exercise.
W 2008 - MINDLESS EATING
1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. (Paragraph 1)
[Wansink was surprised... no connection between overeating and] hunger / being hungry
If write " ... (which are) not connected to hunger" — deduct 4 pts (C4)
If write only "hungry" — deduct 1 pt (L1)
(8 p oi nts )
2. In paragraphs 2+3+4 Wansink mentions several factors that cause overeating and
suggests ways to avoid them. Give TWO factors that cause overeating, and the way to
avoid each one of them.
Two of the following:
(1) i) [The factor:] (one of the factors that determines the amount we eat is simply) seeing the
food & grabbing the food (without thinking).
If copy " .... that determines the amount ... seeing the food" (line 6) — accept.
If copy without "that" — deduct 3 pts (2 for C2 and 1 for L1).
If copy "If a snack .... without thinking" (lines 6-7) — accept.
If copy only "we might grab it without thinking" — deduct 2 pts.
ii) [Way to avoid it:] Put food / a snack / snacks in a cupboard // Put food out of Sight.
If copy "However, if that snack ... eating it" (lines 8-9) — deduct 2 pts.
If write: "A snack is / snacks are in the cupboard" — accept.
(2) i) [The factor:] A large variety of food (also causes us to eat too much) // (When) too
many kinds of food (are offered at a meal, people want to taste everything).
If write "People want to taste everything" — accept.
ii) [Way to avoid it:] (Prepare) (only) two or three kinds of food (at a meal).
(3) i) [The factor:] (An additional factor that causes overeating is) the way food is packaged
& The size of the container // (The reason for this is that) bigger containers make portions
look smaller, (so people / we eat more).
If write "Big containers" — accept
If write only: "the container "or" the package" — deduct 4 pts.
ii) [Way to avoid it:] (Serve food in) small packages / containers.
* If "factor" is unanswered or incorrect — 0 for the whole item.
If "factor" and "way to avoid it" don't match — give pts to correct "factor" only.
(4 *9 =3 6 poi nts )
3. According to Wansink, why does the size of a container influence the amount we eat?
(Paragraph 4)
Bigger containers make portions look smaller (so people / we eat more).
If don't mention "bigger" — 0.
(9 p oi nts )
4. …… iii) they eat popcorn out of very big buckets
…… v) the movie distracts their attention from the food
(2 *9 =1 8 poi nts )
5. i) NO
(4 p oi nts )
ii) Copy the words that justify your answer.
(Studying or watching TV while eating) distracts our attention (from the food and we overeat
without noticing).
If (1) is correct and (2) is incorrect or unanswered — give 4 pts to part (1).
If (1) is incorrect or unanswered — 0 pts for the whole question.
if write "Distractions can also affect the amount we eat" (line 20) — accept.
if write "we overeat without noticing" — accept.
(6 p oi nts )
6. (ii) understand what makes them eat too much
(9 p oi nts )
7. (iii) How to Control the Amount We Eat
(1 0 po int s )
2008 - WHY WRITE A DIARY?
1. (ii) what Dr. Brandon found in his research
(8 po in ts )
2. Why did Dr. Brandon want to do research on high school students? (Paragraph 2)
To find out if they / (high school) students could (also) benefit from writing a diary.
(9 po in ts )
3. (iv) had friends who joined the project
(8 po in ts )
4. (ii) How writing a diary influenced him.
(9 po in ts )
5. i) NO
(4 po in ts )
ii) Copy the words that justify your answer.
He had already found such changes in his previous research.
If write: "David was surprised but Dr. Brandon was not" — 0.
(1 0 poi nts )
6. According to Dr. Brandon, what is the reason people benefit from writing a diary?
(Paragraph 4)
They / People are expressing their feelings (in a diary) // Writing a diary / it gives people /
them the opportunity to express their feelings.
If write "People's ability to cope with problems improves" — 0.
(1 0 poi nts )
7. …… iii) be the only person to read it
…… vi) keep it only for a short time
(2 *9 =18 p oi nts )
8. How did David feel about writing a diary before the project and how does he feel
about it after the project?
(1) [Before the project he] wasn't enthusiastic (about writing a diary).
(2) [After the pfroject he] is / was not sorry he participated in the project.
If write: "continues to write in his diary because it has become an important part of his life"
— deduct 4 pts (for not writing about David's feelings).
If write only: "it has become an important part of his life" — deduct an additional 1 pt for
ignoring the stem.
(2 *9 =18 p oin ts )
9. (i) People of different ages can improve their lives by writing a diary.
(1 0 poi nts )
2008 B
A STICKY PROBLEM
1. How do we know that chewing gum is very popular today? (Paragraph 1)
One of the (world's) most common habits today is chewing gum.
& People spend more than four billion dollars on gum every year.
If copy lines 2-3: "People have been... for thousands of years." — deduct 4 pts.
(9 po in ts )
2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. (Paragraphs 1+2)
[Gum becomes a problem only when] (a large percentage of gum is carelessly) (it is)
thrown away (and end up on city streets and sidewalks) / it ends up on city streets (and
sidewalks) / it sticks to sidewalks & it becomes / harmful to the environment.
If write "gum that sticks on sidewalks." — deduct 2 pts for ignoring the stem.
If copy: "chewing gum is harmful to the environment and recently it has become a serious
pollution problem." Or "it has become a serious pollution problem." — accept.
If copy from lines 6-7: "gum that sticks on sidewalks can remain there for 20 years
(because removing it is difficult and costly.)" — accept.
If write: "it is carelessly thrown away because removing it is difficult and costly — accept.
If copy from lines 7-9: "special steam machines are used to clean gum off sidewalks." And /
or: "It costs about three dollars to remove one piece of gum!" — 0.
(1 0 poi nts )
3. (ii) How the streets are cleaned.
(9 po in ts )
4. It is expensive to clean gum off New York's sidewalks. Give ONE fact from
paragraph 2 that shows this.
(It costs about) three dollars to remove / clean one piece of gum. & (In New York City, for
example, Special) steam machines are used (to clean gum off sidewalks).
If write: "removing it / gum is difficult and costly" — accept.
If write: "Gum that sticks on sidewalks can remain there for 20 years" — 0.
If copy both facts from lines 8-9: "(special) steam machines are used (to clean gum off
sidewalks.) (It costs about) three dollars to remove one piece of gum!" — accept.
If write only: "special steam machines" — deduct 2 pts.
If write only: "It costs about three dollars." — deduct 2 pts.
(9 po in ts )
5. How have the laws against smoking affected the habit of chewing gum? (Paragraph
3)
Many people (today) chew gum instead of smoking (in public) // People chew more gum.
(or any answer indicating an increase in chewing gum).
If write: "Gum pollution is getting worse" — 0.
If copy lines 10-11: "(In fact,) gum pollution is getting worse because many people today
chew gum instead of smoking in public." — deduct 5 pts.
If copy only "(in fact) gum pollution is getting worse" — 0.
If copy line 12: "it is unusual to have laws against chewing gum in public." — 0.
Missing subject, e.g.: "today chew gum instead of smoking in public" — deduct 2 pts.
(1 0 poi nts )
6. (1) NO
(3 po in ts )
(2) It is unusual to have laws against chewing gum in public.
If (1) is correct and (2) is incorrect or unanswered — give 3 pts to part (1).
If (1) is incorrect or unanswered — 0 for the whole question.
If write: "Singapore is an exception." — accept.
If write: "It is unusual" — accept.
If copy lines 11-12: "While it is very common for countries to have laws against smoking in
public, it is unusual to have laws against chewing gum in public." — accept.
If write: "it unusual to have laws against chewing gum in public." — deduct 1 pt.
(6 po in ts )
7. (iii) how chewing gum in public is punished
(1 0 poi nts )
8. (i) eliminate the problems caused by chewing gum
(9 po in ts )
9. (iii) one advantage of "Green Gum"
(9 po in ts )
10. Name TWO ways mentioned in this report that help solve the gum pollution
problem.
Two of the following:
(1) (Singapore has laws) making it illegal to sell gum (or chew it in public).
If write only: "law", "laws" — accept.
If write: "create laws against chewing gum in public" — accept.
If copy lines 13-14: "In order to eliminate the problems associated with gum, Singapore
has strict laws making it illegal to sell gum." — accept.
If copy lines 14-15: "(The laws are strictly enforced and) anyone that is caught chewing
gum in public has to pay a fine of a thousand dollars." — accept.
If write: "tourists are not allowed to bring gum in their suitcases." — accept. But if adds:
"Even tourists are not allowed to bring gum in their suitcases." — deduct 2 pts.
(2) (Dr. Cosgrove developed) "Green Gum" (which does not harm the environment).
If copy line 17: "Dr. Terrence Cosgrove has developed a new gum, called "Green Gum"
(that does not stick to sidewalks)" — accept.
If write only: "a new gum" — accept.
If write: "Green Gum that dissolves in water and does not harm the environment." —
accept.
Without "that" — deduct 1 pt.
If write: "If Green Gum does stick to a surface, it disappears within twenty four hours." —
0.
If write: Green Gum is more expensive than regular gum, but Dr. Cosgrove hopes that
people will be willing to pay the price in order to protect the environment." — 0.
If write: "Green Gum seems to solve the gum problem." — accept. But if copy the whole
sentence: "Creen Gum seems to solve the gum problem without forcing people to give up
their chewing habit." — deduct 3 pts.
(3) (Special) steam machines (are used to clean the streets).
If copy lines 7-8: "In New York City, for example, special steam machines are used to clean
gum off sidewalks." — accept.
If write TWO answers regarding the same category, i.e. "Green Gum" or "Singapore
laws"— give points only to one answer (choose the better one)
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
W 2009
NO PLASTIC BAGS, THANKS!
1. Why are plastic bags so popular? Give ONE reason. (Paragraph 1)
ONE of the following:
(1) They are useful
(2) They are disposable.
If write (1) and (2) together — accept.
(3) Stores give them for free. / They are free.
If write: "It's hard to imagine our lives without plastic bags" — 0.
(8 p oi nts )
2. (iii) People use too many plastic bags.
(9 p oi nts )
3. In what ways do people pay for plastic bags? Write TWO ways. (Paragraph 2)
(1) Stores charge higher prices for everything (in order to pay for the bags).
(2) People / they are paying higher city taxes (because of the high costs of cleaning up
plastic bags from city streets).
(2 *8 =1 6 p oi nts )
4. …… iii) How they affect the environment.
…… vi) What they are made of.
(2 *7 =14 p oi nts )
5. How do discarded plastic bags harm the environment? Give TWO
examples.(Paragraphs 4&5)
TWO of the following:
(1) (In the city,) (plastic bags / they) (often) block water pipes (causing water to flood the
street). // (Plastic bags / They) cause floods (in the streets).
(2) (in the country side and in the sea,) (many) animals die when they eat them / plastic
bags.
If don't write "when they eat them" – deduct 3 pts (C3).
(3) (Plastic bags / They) disintegrate very slowly (and stay in the environment for many
years).
(4) (When plastic bags / they disintegrate), (they break down into small pieces which)
pollute water and land.
If write (3) and (4) together – accept.
(2 *8 =1 6 p oi nts )
6. (ii) people are now using less plastic bags
(9 p oi nts )
7. According to paragraphs 6 & 7, what can people use instead of plastic bags?
Write TWO things.
(1) paper bags
(2) (re-usable) cloth (shopping) bags
(2 *9 =1 8 p oi nts )
8. (i) Stop using plastic bags completely.
(1 0 po int s )
FORMING GOOD HABITS
1. (iii) Change people's hand-washing habits.
(7 po in ts )
2. Why is it important for parents to use soap? (Paragraph 1)
To keep their children healthier OR
Sickness and even death can be prevented if parents make a habit of using soap.
(8 po in ts )
3. (ii) It's hard to make people use soap regularly.
(9 po in ts )
4. (i) have experience in creating habits
(1 0 poi nts )
5. (iv) Create effective advertisements to use soap.
(9 po in ts )
6. (iii) people usually buy from the same company
(9 po in ts )
7. What is the reason some people disagree with the advertising methods used by
American companies? (Paragraph 4)
They claim they cause people to buy a product automatically, without thinking if
they need it.
(8 po in ts )
8. (iv) She thought these methods could help save lives.
(8 po in ts )
9. How did Dr. Lopez know that she achieved her goal? (Paragraphs 4 & 5)
A survey showed / There was a great increase in the number of people who used
soap regularly.
(8 po in ts )
10. …… i) Advertisements can help form good habits.
…… v) Critics realized advertisements can be useful.
(2* 8= 16 po in ts )
11. (ii) Changing Behavior
(8 po in ts )
Should Drivers Stop Using a Cell Phone While Driving?
1. Why do people think that it is dangerous for drivers to talk on a phone held in their
hand? (Paragraph 1)
because the driver does not have enough control over the car
(8 po in ts )
2. According to Dr. Parker, why do drivers who talk on the phone have more
accidents? Give ONE reason. (Paragraph 1)
because their mind is distracted.
because they don't pay attention to the road.
(9 po in ts )
3. What was the difference between the two groups of drivers in Dr. Parker's study?
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. (Paragraph 2)
(1) One group talked on a cell phone.
(2) The other group talked to a passenger in the car.
(2 *8 =16 p oi nts )
4. (iii) participants in the study had to do
(9 po in ts )
5. …… ii) how safely the participants were driving
…… v) how long it took drivers to react to road problems
(2* 8= 16 po in ts )
6. (i) It is more distracting than talking to a passenger.
(8 po in ts )
7. According to paragraph 4, what was the reason that drivers who talked on the phone
paid less attention to the road?
They looked straight ahead without checking the mirrors.
(8 po in ts )
8. (i) drivers have changed their habits in the past
(9 po in ts )
9. (iii) Using a cell phone while driving.
(9 po in ts )
10. (ii) Using a cell phone while driving is always dangerous.
(8 po in ts )
W 2010
SOME GOOD NEWS ABOUT CHATTING ONLINE
1. () meet their friends less than teenagers in the past
(8 po in ts )
2. () The way teenagers interact with each other.
(9 po in ts )
3. () may have a negative effect on schoolwork
(8 po in ts )
4. () cannot learn online
(9 po in ts )
5. () It is a result of communicating online.
(9 po in ts )
6.
(Because) they / teenagers are (so) used to short and / or instant (online) messages.
If copy the whole sentence: "They are so used to short instant messages that it is difficult
for them to pay attention during class" – accept.
(8 po in ts )
7.
(1) [The same as their parents:] Teenagers (today) / They have (just as many) friends //
Teenagers / They have just as many friends (as their parents) (had) (when they were
young).
If write: "They have many friends – deduct 2 pts
(2) [Different from their parents:] (Nowadays / today) teenagers / they make (their)
friends online.
(2 *7 =14 p oi nts )
8. () meet their friends face-to-face
(9 po in ts )
9.
[Online communication with friends is important for teenagers because they want] (to
maintain) (have) (the) good relationships (with (their) friends).
If completion starts with "in order" – deduct 4 pts (C4), but if completion starts with
"order" – 0.
(9 po in ts )
10.
They develop computer skills (which help them in their school work).
If copy from the beginning of the sentence "(She says that) Teenagers, who chat online
regularly, develop computer skills which actually help them in their school work" – accept.
(8 po in ts )
11. () chatting online is less harmful than people think
(9 po in ts )