moe moe memorial

1^pdefwpfyGifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

pdefwpfyGif hpdefwpfyGif hpdefwpfyGif hpdefwpfyGif hpdefwpfyGif h

rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) 59ESpfjynfh trSwfw&

jrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJY

pDpOfonf/

pdefwpfyGifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)^ 2

jrefrm tD;bkcf 1

2003?atmufwdkbm 9

o½kyfazmfykHrsm;o½kyfazmfykHrsm;o½kyfazmfykHrsm;o½kyfazmfykHrsm;o½kyfazmfykHrsm;

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)ykHwlyef;csDvuf&mrsm; (rarT; pm 30? vSxGef;atmif pm

56? rsKd;ñGefY pm 70? rkwfokef pm 122) ? 0w¬Ko½kyfazmfykHrsm; ( OD;udkav; pm

96? yef;csD ausmfaomif; 110) ? py,fjzK r*¾Zif; «rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)

trSwfw&» rsufESmzkH; pm 124


pDpOfolYtrSmpDpOfolYtrSmpDpOfolYtrSmpDpOfolYtrSmpDpOfolYtrSm

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) &JU 59ESpfajrmuf trSwfw&tjzpf azmftJAm;

payhpfa'ghuGrf;&JU tGefvdkif; owif;pmapmif pmrsufESmrsm;ay:rSm

atmufarhzG,f pmrsufESmtjzpf pDpOfwifqufzdkY aqG;aEG;MuwJh tcg jrefrm

tD;bkcf pmzwfolrsm;eJY rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)&JU pmzwfy&dowftwGuf rdk;rdk;

(tif;vsm;)trSwfw& tD;bkcfpmtkyfi,f wpftkyf oD;oefYpDpOf wifquf

ay;jcif;tm;jzifh 0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;&JU tuefYtowfudk ausmfvTm;NyD;

pmzwfolrsm;rsm; tm;yg;w& zwfp&m jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif vdrfhr,fvdkY

arQmfvifhNyD; pdefwpfyGifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)udk rl&if; 'pf*spfw,fpmtkyftaeeJY

xkwfa0zdkY qkH;jzwfvdkufMuygw,f/

'gayr,fh 'Dpmtkyfi,frSm azmfjyxm;wJh pmrsm;tm;vkH; ykHESdyf xkwfa0NyD;

rlrsm;rS a&G;cs,f aumufEIwfwifqufxm;jcif;om jzpfygw,f/

pmtkyftaeeJYom tD;rl&if;tjzpf pDpOfvdkufayr,fh pmrsm;&JU wu,fhrl&if;

rsm;u ykHESdyfrD'D,may:rSmom jzpfygw,f/

jrefrmpmtkyfavmueJY pmzwfolrsm;twGuf oJwpfyGifhrQjzpfap

jznfhqnf;yg0ifvdkwJhqE´eJY tck tD;bkcfudk pDpOf&jcif;yg/ tajctae

tcGifhtvrf;ay: rlwnfNyD; jrefrmtD;bkcfpmzwfrsm;twGuf qufvuf

BuKd;yrf;oGm;rSm jzpfNyD; a0zeftMuHjyKcsufrsm;udk ay;ydkYyg&ef

zdwfac:ygw,f/

jrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJ YjrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJ YjrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJ YjrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJ YjrefrmtD;bkcf pmwnf;tzGJ Y


aus;Zl;wifvTmaus;Zl;wifvTmaus;Zl;wifvTmaus;Zl;wifvTmaus;Zl;wifvTm

'DtD;bkcfpmtkyfi,frSm yg0ifwJh aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;cJhwJh

q&mewfEG,f? jrifhoef;? pdk;jrifhvwfwdkYudk vnf;aumif;? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

pmpkpm&if;jyKpkol raqGaqGrmudk vnf;aumif;? vGrf;pmacG u@yg

aumufEIwfcsufrsm; &,lcJh&m aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJhwJh q&mrBuD; vlxk

a':trm? py,fjzLpmwnf;tzGJY? cifESif;,k? [def;vwf? avhvmolwpfOD;?

pmay a0zefa&;q&mwpfOD;? jrefrmpmausmif;ol *syeftrsKd;orD;

rpE´m0if;wdkYudk vnf;aumif;? rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) arG;aeY ESpfywfvnf

trSwfw&pmudk oD;oefY a&;om;csD;jr§ifhay;aom q&mr (a':)

cifaqGOD;tm; vnf;aumif;? pmtkyfi,ftwGif; tokH;jyKxm;aom rdk;rdk;

(tif;vsm;)&JU ykHwlyef;csDrsm; a&;qGJcJhMuolrsm; jzpfwJh yef;csD rsKd;ñGefY?

rkwfokef? rarT;? vSxGef;atmifwdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? vdktyfaom

pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;tm; &SmazGulnDaom pmMunfhwdkufrSL; OD;pdk;jrifhoef;

(aEGoifEdkif) tm; vnf;aumif;? vdktyforQ tultnDrsm;udk ay;tyfcJhwJh

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)&JU cifyGef; udkrsKd;ñGefY(pmayavmu)udk vnf;aumif;

aus;Zl;wif&SdygaMumif; rSwfwrf;jyKtyfygw,f/


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf; 11111

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if; 33333

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if; rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if; 1818181818

rdrdESifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

ewfEG,fewfEG,fewfEG,fewfEG,fewfEG,f 2929292929

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef; 5555555555

pmzwfolwdkY ESvHk;om;wGif xm0& wnf&Sdaernfh rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) ESifhpmzwfolwdkY ESvHk;om;wGif xm0& wnf&Sdaernfh rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) ESifhpmzwfolwdkY ESvHk;om;wGif xm0& wnf&Sdaernfh rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) ESifhpmzwfolwdkY ESvHk;om;wGif xm0& wnf&Sdaernfh rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) ESifhpmzwfolwdkY ESvHk;om;wGif xm0& wnf&Sdaernfh rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) ESifh

olY0w¬Krsm;olY0w¬Krsm;olY0w¬Krsm;olY0w¬Krsm;olY0w¬Krsm;

pdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwf 7171717171

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;

jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef; 7979797979

tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;tdrfeD;csif;

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) 9797979797

odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) 111111111111111

vGrf;pmacGvGrf;pmacGvGrf;pmacGvGrf;pmacGvGrf;pmacG 121121121121121

pdefwpfyGifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) 1

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ txkyÜwådtusOf;

rd k;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;) (c&pf 1944-1990)/ / trsKd;om; pmayqk

av;Budrfwdkifwdkif &&SdcJhaom pma&;q&mr rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)udk yJcl;wdkif;

'dkufOD;NrdKUe,fwGif tz OD;xGef;? trd a':jr&SifwdkYu 1944ckESpf atmufwdk

bmv 24 &ufü arG;zGm;onf/ trnf&if; a':pef;pef;jzpfonf/

'dkufOD;NrdKUtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynmoifMum;NyD;

1956 ckESpfwGif pwkw¬wef; paumvm;&Spfqk &onf/ ckepfwef; ausmif;ol

b0wGif uAsmrsm; pwif a&;pyfonf/ ausmif;pmMunhfwdkufESifh eH&Huyf

pmapmif aumfrwDrsm;wGif trIaqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ txuf

wef; ausmif;olb0wGif c½dkiftvdkuf pmpDpmuHk;NydKifyGJrsm;ü qkrsm;&&SdcJhonf/

1956 ckESpfwGif &efukef 0dZÆmESifhodyHÜwuúodkvfwGif ocsFmbmom

t"dujzifh wufa&muf ynmoifMum;onf/ ynmoifMum;&if; aexdkif&m

taqmiftrnfudk tpGJjyKí rkd;rdk; (tif;vsm;) [laom uavmiftrnfjzifh

uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm; pwifa&;om;onf/ yxrqHk; a&G;cs,f azmfjycH&aom

0w¬KwdkrSm 1972 ckESpf pufwifbmvxkwf aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;yg ]]tdrfeD;csif;}}

0w¬K jzpfonf/ xkd0w¬Kwdkudk jrefrmhtoHrS Zmwfvrf;yrm em;qifp&m

tjzpfvnf; toHvTifhcJhonf/ 1974 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk; vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snf

jzpfaom ]]aysmufaom vrf;rSm prf;w0g;}} 0w¬Kudk a&;om;onf/

xkdpOfrSpí 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&SnfESifh aqmif;yg;rsm;udk uG,fvGefcsdef

txd tqufrjywf a&;cJh&m 0w¬KwdkESifh r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf pkpkaygif; 101yk'f?

vHk;csif;0w¬K 24 yk'fESifh aqmif;yg; 55 yk'fcefY &Sdonf/

a&;om;cJhaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk pkaygif;í ]]r*¾Zif; 0w¬K&Snfrsm;}}?

]]0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1)}}? ]]jrefrmjynfrSm aeMuonf}}? ]]xkdaeYu rD;rvmyg}}ESifh ]]rdk;rdk;

(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;(2)}}ESifh ]]0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)}} wdkYudk pmtkyf

xkwfa0cJhonf/

2 pdefwpfyGifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) onf ]]aysmufaom vrf;rSm prf;w0g;}} vHk;csif;

0w¬K&Snfjzifh 1974 ckESpf trsKd;om; pmay 0w¬K&Snfqkudk vnf;aumif;?

]]r*¾Zif; 0w¬K&Snfrsm;}} jzifh 1980 jynfhESpf trsKd;om;pmay 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf

qkudkvnf;aumif;? ]]0w¬Kwdkrsm;(1)}}jzifh 1982 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay

0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfqkudkvnf;aumif;? ]]0w¬Kwdkrsm;(2)}}jzifh 1986 ckESpf

trsKd;om;pmay 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf qkudkvnf;aumif; trsKd;om; pmayqkudk

av;Budrf wdkifwdkif qGwfcl;EdkifcJhol jzpfonf/

ol\ ]]aysmufaom vrf;rSm prf;w0g;}} 0w¬Kudk ½k&Sm;bmom?

*syefbmom rsm;odkYvnf;aumif;? ]]b,folvmulyghr,f}} 0w¬Kudk ½k&Sm;

bmomodkYvnf;aumif;? ]]rSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyD}} 0w¬Kudk *syefbmomodkY

vnf;aumif; oufqdkif&m EdkifiHtoD;oD;rS bmomjyefqdk xkwfa0cJhMu

onf/ xdk Ytjyif 0w¬Kwdk trsm;tjym;udkvnf; t*Fvdyfbmomodk Y

vnf;aumif;? tcsKdUudk *syefbmomodkYvnf;aumif; jyefqdkxkwfa0cJhonf/

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) onf 1989 ckESpf Mo*kwfvrS pí uG,fvGefcsdef

txd pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;wGif wm0efcHpmwnf;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/

rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) onf pmay wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; 1990

jynfhESpf rwfv 13 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif

cifyGef; OD;rsKd;ñGefYESifh om;ESpfa,muf? orD;wpfa,muf usef&pfonf/

(jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf; ESpfcsKyfpmtkyf 1991rS)


rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmpkpm&if;udk pmMunfhwdkufynm 'DyvdkrmbGJUtwGuf

wifjyaom usrf;i,ftjzpf raqGaqGrmu jynfhpkHpGm jyKpkcJhygonf/

þpmtkyfi,fwGif pma&;q&m\ t"dupmayvuf&mrsm; jzpfonfh

0w¬KwdkESifh 0w¬K&Snfrsm; pm&if;ESifh rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh

pmpkpm&if;rS aqmif;yg;rsm; pm&if;udkom xkwfEIwf wifjyvdkufygonf/


0w¬Krsm;0w¬Krsm;0w¬Krsm;0w¬Krsm;0w¬Krsm;

1/ ]]uJ&D;tGef&if&if}} ? *Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om? wGJ 1? rSwf 6 (Edk0ifbm 1980) pm

50-53? 59/

2/ ]]uwfaMu;wpfvuf}} ? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 58 (Mo*kwf 1989) pm 124-

127/

3/ ]]udk,fa&;BuHKawmh}} ? ppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyef? rSwf 2 (Zlvdkif 1977) pm 34-37/

4/ ]]udk,fhudk,fudkzsuf}} ? armajr&ifaoG;r*¾Zif;armajr&ifaoG;r*¾Zif;armajr&ifaoG;r*¾Zif;armajr&ifaoG;r*¾Zif;armajr&ifaoG;r*¾Zif; (Zlvkdif 1984) pm

106-110/

5/ ]]aus;Zl;wifyg&ap}} ? rl;,pfrl;,pfrl;,pfrl;,pfrl;,pf? rSwf 2 (atmufwdkbm 1984) pm

72-86/

6/ ]]Mu,fuav;awGcspfp&m tjyma&mifaumif;uifrSm}} ? oajyoajyoajyoajyoajy? rSwf

109 ('DZifbm 1983) pm 178-214/

7/ ]]uGJaMuoGm;aom rSefprsm;}} ? 'dkufOD;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;'dkufOD;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;'dkufOD;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;'dkufOD;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;'dkufOD;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;

aiG&wktBudKr*¾Zif;aiG&wktBudKr*¾Zif;aiG&wktBudKr*¾Zif;aiG&wktBudKr*¾Zif;aiG&wktBudKr*¾Zif; ('DZifbm 1980) pm 154-164/

8/ ]]uRefromvQif r,m;tppfjzpfygaMumif;}} ? wkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;ar? wGJ 25?

rSwf 6 (1 atmufwdkbm 1974) pm 41-43? 46-47/


9/ ]]cifpdk; uifyGef;pcef;rSmaeonf}} ? aiGwm&aiGwm&aiGwm&aiGwm&aiGwm&D? rSwf 240 (ZGef 1980)

pm 136-149/

10/ ]]csrf;omjcif;ESifh aysmf&Tifjcif;}} ? om;a&TO½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;om;a&TO½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;om;a&TO½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;om;a&TO½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;om;a&TO½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;? wGJ 1? rSwf 1

(1989) pm 88-91/

11/ ]]cGeftm;}} ? uvsmuvsmuvsmuvsmuvsm? rSwf 59 (Zefe0g&D 1990) pm 76-79/

12/ ]]*sif*smat;aomufcsifw,f}} ? ½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0? wGJ 40? rSwf 478 (rwf 1987)

pm 45-49/

13/ ]]idk&ifykvJ? &D&if&GJ}} ? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 13? (Zefe0g&D 1986) pm 63-

69/

14/ ]]pum;rqdk0Hatmif}} ? wdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;ar? wGJ 24? rSwf 8 (1 Ekd0ifbm

1973) pm 26-29? 34/

15/ ]]pdk;aMumufrdygonf}} ? obifobifobifobifobif? rSwf 14 ('DZifbm 1984) pm 74-

76? 78/

16/ ]]pdkufwkef;uawmh rcspfpk}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 166 ({NyD 1947) pm

82-90/

17/ ]]ppfom;r,m;}}? wdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;ar? wGJ 23? rSwf 16 (1 rwf 1973) pm

26-19? 32-34/

18/ ]]pdwåZn}} ? ½kyf&Sifatmifv½kyf&Sifatmifv½kyf&Sifatmifv½kyf&Sifatmifv½kyf&SifatmifvH? rSwf 306 (azazmf0g&D 1982) pm

131-134/

19/ ]]pdwfxm;wwfvQif}} ? wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk a&T&wkr*¾Zif;wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk a&T&wkr*¾Zif;wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk a&T&wkr*¾Zif;wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk a&T&wkr*¾Zif;wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk a&T&wkr*¾Zif; (ar 1985)

pm 111-117/


20/ ]]qefydk;}} ? rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;? rSwf 5 (Mo*kwf 1989) pm 52-58/

21/ ]]q,fESpfausmfumvrsm;}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 214 ({NyD 1978) pm

86-92/

22/ ]]q,fjym;wef'óe}} ? yef½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;yef½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;yef½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;yef½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;yef½kyfpH kr*¾Zif;? wGJ 4? rSwf 12 ('DZifbm

1986) pm 29-33/

23/ ]]w&m;opömrSefaomtcgum;}} ? pmayvky fom;pmayvky fom;pmayvky fom;pmayvky fom;pmayvky fom;? rSwf 30

(atmufwdkbm 1983) pm 136-148/

24/ ]]wpfbufuMunfhawmht½kyf? wpfbufuMunfhawmhyef;}} ? uvsmuvsmuvsmuvsmuvsm?

rSwf 37 (Zefe0g&D 1988) pm 87-90/

25/ ]]wpfa,mufwnf;aevnf;jzpfygw,f}}? vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;? wGJ 2? rSwf 1?

(Zefe0g&D 1986) pm 49-54/

26/ ]]Bwd}} ? ½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm? wGJ 9? rSwf 14 (Zefe0g&D 1990) pm 103-

107/

27/ ]]xrif;qDqrf;? a&TvifAef;eJYay;yg}} ? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 25 (Mo*kwfv

1986) pm 148-154/

28/ ]]xkdaeYu rD;rvmyg}}? ½kyf&SifatmifvH½kyf&SifatmifvH½kyf&SifatmifvH½kyf&SifatmifvH½kyf&SifatmifvH? rSwf 328 ('DZifbm 1983)

pm 98-113/

29/ ]]xkdaeYu rD;vm\}} ? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 38 (pufwifbm 1987) pm

106-109/

30/ ]]xdkYaMumifh þuJhodkY}}? ppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyef ? rSwf 5 (rwf 1978) pm 178-192/


31/ ]]axmifajy;}} ? ½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0? wGJ 49? rSwf 462 (Edk0ifbm 1985) pm 84-

87/

32/ ]]'ku©udkyJ&Smae&w,f}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 32 (Mo*kwf 1987) pm 24-

34/

33/ ]]aeol&JUajreDcif}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 226 ({NyD 1979) pm 152-169/

34/ ]]aea&mifatmufrSm va&mufaysmuf&onf}} ? Ouúvmr*¾Zif;Ouúvmr*¾Zif;Ouúvmr*¾Zif;Ouúvmr*¾Zif;Ouúvmr*¾Zif; (rwf

1980) pm 46-49/

35/ ]]ae&pfcJhyg}} ? ½kyf&Sif½kyf&Sif½kyf&Sif½kyf&Sif½kyf&Sif? wGJ rSwf 3 (ZGef 1980) pm 42-48/

36/ ]]aEGudkrkef;onf}} ? yef;a0oDyef;a0oDyef;a0oDyef;a0oDyef;a0oD? rSwf 10 ({NyD 1989) pm 6-11/

37/ ]]aEGrSmaysmufqHk;oGm;aom ESifhyGifhuav;rsm;}} ? wuúodkvfaiG&wkwuúodkvfaiG&wkwuúodkvfaiG&wkwuúodkvfaiG&wkwuúodkvfaiG&wk

tBudKr*¾Zif;tBudKr*¾Zif;tBudKr*¾Zif;tBudKr*¾Zif;tBudKr*¾Zif;? (Zefe0g&D 1980) pm 114-121/

38/ ]]aESmif;rdk;}} ? 0gPdZÆ0gPdZÆ0gPdZÆ0gPdZÆ0gPdZÆ (Zlvkdif 1979) pm 48-56/

39/ ]]ykpOf;jym awmifyHum;&,f}}? obifobifobifobifobif? rSwf 6 ({NyD 1948) pm 30-

41/

40/ ]]ydkYpuwfav;wpfapmif}}? wdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;ar? wGJ 24? rSwf 14 (1 azazmf0g&D

1974) pm 2-26? 33/

41/ ]]aygu©&0órdk;}}? {&m0wDr*¾Zif;{&m0wDr*¾Zif;{&m0wDr*¾Zif;{&m0wDr*¾Zif;{&m0wDr*¾Zif;? rSwf 1? (1989) pm 72-76/

42/ ]]ydefcsifvdkYwJhawmfa&}} ? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 1 (Zefe0g&D 1985) pm 115-

119/


43/ ]]ydefrSjzpfr,f}} ? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 61 (Edk0ifbm 1985) pm 92-95/

44/ ]]jynfAm&mrStpjyKí}} ? cs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&D? rSwf 2 (pufwifbm 1984) pm

106-116/

45/ ]]jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh rjynfhpHkkjcif;}} ? jrpfi,fr*¾Zif;jrpfi,fr*¾Zif;jrpfi,fr*¾Zif;jrpfi,fr*¾Zif;jrpfi,fr*¾Zif; (azazmf0g&D 1979)

pm 140-150/

46/ ]]yGifhopfwdkY yifvHk;a0}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 255? (pufwifbm 1981)

pm 126-151/

47/ ]]jzwfpm;vQyfpm;}} ? wdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;arwdkif;&if;ar? wGJ 37? rSwf 2 (Mo*kwf 1986) pm

28-33/

48/ ]]b0wdkufyGJpwifjcif;}} ? oHvGifOD;r*¾Zif;oHvGifOD;r*¾Zif;oHvGifOD;r*¾Zif;oHvGifOD;r*¾Zif;oHvGifOD;r*¾Zif;? rSwf 5 (azazmf0g&D 1979)

pm 36-39/

49/ ]]b0tarSmif}}? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 155 (ar 1973) pm 119-123/

50/ ]]bda&Smh[krf;ESifh a'0D}}? taumufcGefESpfvnfr*¾Zif;taumufcGefESpfvnfr*¾Zif;taumufcGefESpfvnfr*¾Zif;taumufcGefESpfvnfr*¾Zif;taumufcGefESpfvnfr*¾Zif; ('DZifbm

1986) pm 110-114/

51/ ]]b,folvmulyghr,f}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 186 ('DZifbm 1975) pm

126-141/

52/ ]]rñkdjym aumvd,acsmif;ab;rSmaeonf}} ? pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;? rSwf 1

(ar 1981) pm 26-39/

53/ ]]rwm refusnf;&GmrSmaeonf}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 2500 ({NyD 1981)

pm 146-166/


54/ ]]rzl;om}} ? jrpfBuD;em;r*¾Zif;jrpfBuD;em;r*¾Zif;jrpfBuD;em;r*¾Zif;jrpfBuD;em;r*¾Zif;jrpfBuD;em;r*¾Zif; (Zefe0g&D 1981) pm 97-102/

55/ ]]rrt,f'DwmawG}} ? *Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om*Dwya'om? rSwf 90 (Mo*kwf 1988) pm

44-48/

56/ ]]rD;&xm;ESifh c&D;oGm;jcif;taMumif;}} ? pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;? rSwf 8 ('DZifbm

1981) pm 54-57/

57/ ]]rkqdk;rwpfa,muf\ wrf;csif;}}? vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav; (Zefe0g&D 1987) pm 132-

146/

58/ ]]rk'dwm}} ? cs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&D? rSwf 56 (atmufwdkbm 1989) pm 46-51/

59/ ]]rdk;ausmf ausmufyef;awmif;rSmaeonf}} ? yckuúLr*¾Zif;yckuúLr*¾Zif;yckuúLr*¾Zif;yckuúLr*¾Zif;yckuúLr*¾Zif; (rwf 1981)

pm 246-157/

60/ ]]rdk;wdrfvGifhaomf rkefwdkif;Nidrfrnf}} ? jr0wDjr0wDjr0wDjr0wDjr0wD? wGJ 31? rSwf 1 (Edk0ifbm

1982) pm 142-158/

61/ ]]rif;oDwm odkYr[kwf...}} ? rk d;a0rk d;a0rkd;a0rkd;a0rkd;a0? rSwf 163 (Mo*kwf 1981) pm

74-88/

62/ ]]jrLarSmifa0uif;}} ? wkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;arwkdif;&if;ar? wGJ 38? rSwf 8 (15 'DZifbm

1978) pm 66-72/

—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 9 (1 Zefe0g&D 1988) pm 82-88/

—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 10 (azazmf0g&D 1988) pm 82-85/

—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 11 (rwf 1988) pm 68-72? 83-84/


—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 12 ({NyD 1988) pm 78-82/

—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 13 (ar 1988) pm 98-104/

—?—? wGJ 38? rSwf 14 (ZGef 1988) pm 86-104/

—? —? wGJ 38? rSwf 15 (Zlvdkif 1988) pm 82-86/

63/ ]]rQa0ray;om}}? ½kyf&SiftjrKaw½kyf&SiftjrKaw½kyf&SiftjrKaw½kyf&SiftjrKaw½kyf&SiftjrKaw? wGJ 27? rSwf 10 (atmufwdkbm

1984) pm 96-97/

64/ ]]arQmfvifhjcif;ESifhtwl}}? ½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0? wGJ 42? rSwf 502 (ar 1989) pm

96-97/

65/ ]]NrH§K;xJu ig;ESpfaumif}}? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 197 (Edk0ifbm 1976) pm

142-158)/

66/ ]]&D&Drm q,fhESpfvHk;wef;rSmaeonf}} ? ½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0½Ir0? wGJ 36? rSwf 412 (ZGef

1982) pm 138-158/

67/ ]]a&pD;aMumif;}} ? ayzl;vTmayzl;vTmayzl;vTmayzl;vTmayzl;vTm? rSwf 94 (ZGef 1989) pm 52-55/

68/ ]]a&rSmaysmfaomig; awmrSmaysmfaomqif}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 208

(atmufwdkbm 1977) pm 110-113/

69/ ]]½kyf&SifwpfyGJavmufMunfhcsifw,f}} ? &ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h? rSwf 2 (Edk0ifbm

1986) pm 120-125/

70/ ]]a&Tvufjzifhac:ygonf}} ? tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;? rSwf 1 (azazmf0g&D 1989)

pm 18-25/


71/ ]]va&mifvGrf;vnf; urf;ESifha0;cJh}} ? rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;rl;,pfr*¾Zif;? rSwf 3 ('DZifbm

1985) pm 52-65/

72/ ]]vlYpdwf}} ? ppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyef? rSwf 122 (Zefe0g&D 1989) pm 46-49/

73/ ]]avqdyf}}? '*kef'*kef'*kef'*kef'*kef? wGJ 3? rSwf 7 (Zlvdkif 1987) pm 67-72? 77/

74/ ]]av;bufeH&H}} ? tdyfrufzl;tdyfrufzl;tdyfrufzl;tdyfrufzl;tdyfrufzl;? rSwf 2 (Mo*kwf 1988) pm 18-28/

75/ ]]avmuxJu xGufajy;csifw,f}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 189 (rwf 1976)

pm 87-93/

76/ ]]vufacRyGifh}} ? jr0wDjr0wDjr0wDjr0wDjr0wD? wGJ 28? rSwf 6 ({NyD 1980) pm 86-99/

77/ ]]0HykavGrjzpfvdkaom odk;i,f}} ? pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom; ('DZifbm 1980)

pm 172-176/

78/ ]]0if;az pmar;yGJus&onfhtaMumif;}} ? rtlyifr*¾Zif;rtlyifr*¾Zif;rtlyifr*¾Zif;rtlyifr*¾Zif;rtlyifr*¾Zif; ('DZifbm

1980) pm 172-176/

79/ ]]oZifawGzl;ygwJh}} ? ppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyef? rSwf 113 (azazmf0g&D 1988) pm

102-105/

80/ ]]oZifoHk;cuf}} ? vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;vHkrav;? rSwf 5 (ar 1985) pm 122-127/

81/ ]]om;orD;&JU tqHk;tr}} ? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 25 (Zefe0g&D 1987) pm

60-62/

82/ ]]olYtwGufvm;? udk,fhtwGufvm;}} ? rS reufjzefESifh e0&wfudk;oG,frS reufjzefESifh e0&wfudk;oG,frS reufjzefESifh e0&wfudk;oG,frS reufjzefESifh e0&wfudk;oG,frS reufjzefESifh e0&wfudk;oG,f?

&efukef? cs,f&Dyef;pmay? 1985/ pm 77-87/


83/ ]]aoonf\ tjcm;rJhü}} ? aiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&DaiGwm&D? rSwf 201 (rwf 1977) pm 98-

102/

84/ ]]aomhwGJtyfcsifw,f}} ? &ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h? rSwf 12 (pufwifbm 1987)

pm 140-154/

85/ ]]odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 52? (rwf 1990) pm54-

58/

86/ ]]tudkif;tcufwdkYonf twdkt&Snf&SdMuukef\}}? csnfrQifESifhtxnfcsnfrQifESifhtxnfcsnfrQifESifhtxnfcsnfrQifESifhtxnfcsnfrQifESifhtxnf

puf½Hk(ppfudkif;)r*¾Zif;puf½Hk(ppfudkif;)r*¾Zif;puf½Hk(ppfudkif;)r*¾Zif;puf½Hk(ppfudkif;)r*¾Zif;puf½Hk(ppfudkif;)r*¾Zif; (azazmf0g&D 1984) pm 164-176? 194/

87/ ]]tcspfyGifhOD;}}? &ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h&ifckefyGif h? rSwf 26 (Zefe0g&D 1989) pm 146-156/

88/ ]]tcspfonf b0\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 46 (pufwif

bm 1989) pm 146-155/

89/ ]]tajcrwlaom udef;*Pef;rsm;}}? cs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&Dcs,f&D? rSwf 25 (Mo*kwf 1986)

pm 1700-174/

90/ ]]tpdrf;eJY teD}}? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 49 (Mo*kwf 1988) pm 136-140/

91/ ]]tjyefwpf&mrkdufOD;rSm}}? pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;pmayvkyfom;? rSwf 58 ('DZifbm 1985)

pm 58-67/

92/ ]]tjzLa&mifESvHk;om;}}? a&TbdkNrdKU trSwf(1) tpdk;& txufwef;a&TbdkNrdKU trSwf(1) tpdk;& txufwef;a&TbdkNrdKU trSwf(1) tpdk;& txufwef;a&TbdkNrdKU trSwf(1) tpdk;& txufwef;a&TbdkNrdKU trSwf(1) tpdk;& txufwef;

ausmif; ausmufpdrf;&wkr*¾Zif;? (1945-1980)ausmif; ausmufpdrf;&wkr*¾Zif;? (1945-1980)ausmif; ausmufpdrf;&wkr*¾Zif;? (1945-1980)ausmif; ausmufpdrf;&wkr*¾Zif;? (1945-1980)ausmif; ausmufpdrf;&wkr*¾Zif;? (1945-1980) (Zefe0g&D 1980) pm

140-155/

93/ ]]tarqkawmif;vdkufygonf}}? ppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyefppfjyef? rSwf 17 (azazmf0g&D 1980)

pm 110-121/

94/ ]]tarhpm}}? vIdif;bGJUr*¾Zif;vIdif;bGJUr*¾Zif;vIdif;bGJUr*¾Zif;vIdif;bGJUr*¾Zif;vIdif;bGJUr*¾Zif; (ar 1980) pm 86-91/


vkH;csif; pmtkyfrsm;vkH;csif; pmtkyfrsm;vkH;csif; pmtkyfrsm;vkH;csif; pmtkyfrsm;vkH;csif; pmtkyfrsm;

1/ a<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<u/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1981/ 302

pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf – 143) tro – 81^147/

2/ a<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,f/ &efukef? ArmtrsdK;orD;pmay? 1983/ 113-

232 pm? 16 pifwD/

3/ cHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmh/ &efukef? rdk;rdk; (tif;

vsm;) pmtkyf? 1987/ 224 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf

164) &wp – 8761/

4/ *sdK;*s d K;*s d K;*s d K;*s d K;/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1980/ 404 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmu

pmtkyftrSwf 139) wAp-283077

5/ iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;/ &efukef? tifvsm;pmay? 1975/ 202 pm?

16 pifwD (pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 112) tro – 76^162

6/ Nidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&Sufyg/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1979/ 225 pm? 16 pifwD

(pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 137) tro 79^897/

7/ nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?

1981/ 315 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 145) wAp-

195523/


8/ xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;

vsm;) pmtkyf? 1985/ 441 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyf 158)

wAp-324926/

9/ emrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qD/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1983/

347 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 150) &wp-8762/

10/ yef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&m/ &efukef? ynm*kPfpmay? 1981/ 79-198 pm?

16 pifwD? wAp-294617/

11/ aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;/ &efukef? xGef;xGef; jrefrmpmay

jr§ifhwifxkwfa0a&;Xme? 1974/ 222 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmu

pmtkyftrSwf 92) wAp – 176242/

12/ yGifhwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKU/ &efukef? qdk&S,fpmtkyfwdkuf? 1975/ 315

pm 16 pifwD/ wAp 250187/

13/ b,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,f/ &efukef? tif;vsm;pmay? 1977/ 218 pm?

16 pifwD? wAp251750/

14/ rok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&D/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1982/ 317 pm?

16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 146) wAp-297550/

15/ rD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQif/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf?

1985/ 348 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 154)

16/ rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1/ &efukef? rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)

pmtkyf? 1982/ 248 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 147)

wAp-300745/


17/ rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2/&efukef? rdkk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) pmtkyf?

1986/ 283 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 162) wAp-

364023/

18/ rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3/ &efukef? wufvrf;pmay? 1993/

323 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 198)

19/ rkd;rk d;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rk d;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rk d;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rk d;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rk d;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4/ &efukef? aomfupmay? 2003/

295 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 332)

20/ rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?

1980/ p? 305 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmu pmtkyf 141) wAp-

283859/

21/ arwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyif/ &efukef? rd k;rd k;(tif;

vsm;) pmtkyf? 1985/ 279 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf

156) wAp-323684/

22/ jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;/ &efukef? aomfupmay? 2003/ pm 88? 11

qifwD? (pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf-328)/

23/ jrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonf/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf?


311793/

24/ rSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifh/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1978/ 254 pm? 16 pifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 133) tro 78^1477/

25/ rSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyD/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1978/ 241

pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 131) tro 78^989/


26/ &GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;/ &efukef? tif;vsm;pmay? 1975/ 262 pm? 16 pifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 103) tro 75^ 1349/

27/ a&Twd*HkudkjrifvQia&Twd*HkudkjrifvQia&Twd*HkudkjrifvQia&Twd*HkudkjrifvQia&Twd*HkudkjrifvQif/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1979/ 395 pm? 16

pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 135) wAp-278231/

28/ a0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif h/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)pmtkyf? 1982/ 291

pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 148) wAp-303747/

29/ ork'´&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'´&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'´&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'´&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'´&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,f/&efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?


287385/

30/ oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)pmtkyf? 1982/ 379

pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 149) &wp-876

31/ oaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅKoaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅKoaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅKoaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅKoaAÁowåm ta0&ma[mEÅK/ &efukef yg&rDpmpOf 1983/ 251

pm 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 132) tro-78^1991/

32/ tcspfqdkaomt&mtcspfqdkaomt&mtcspfqdkaomt&mtcspfqdkaomt&mtcspfqdkaomt&m/ &efukef? tif;vsm;pmay? 1976/

308 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 117) tro 76^1507/


rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if;rd k;rd k; (tif;vsm;)taMumif; a&;om;onfh pmpkpm&if;

aqmif;yg;aqmif;yg;aqmif;yg;aqmif;yg;aqmif;yg;

1/ udkudkudk/ ]]rok"r®pm&D orD; roka0vm&D}}? pE´mpE´mpE´mpE´mpE´m? rSwf 246

(ar 1990) pm 114-115/

1990 ckESpf rwfv (31)&ufwGif rkd;rdk;\ om;ESifh

orD;wkd Ytm; udk&if? oDv&Sif0wfay;aom tvSLr*FvmyGJü rkd;rdk;ESifh

wlvGef;vSaom orD; oG,frsKd;ñGefY (oDv&SifbGJUtrnf roka0vm&D) tm;

olYtaruJhodkY pmayü xl;cRefí *kPfwifhapcsifaMumif; a&;zGJUxm;onf/

2/ ausmfpnfNidrf;/ ]]rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)trSwfw& pwkw¬ESpfywfvnfyGJ}}

*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;? rSwf 5 (ar 1994) pm 122-125/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw& 4ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwf

tcrf;tem;wGif rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&tzGJU\ em,ursm; ajymMum;

aom trSmpum;rsm;xJrS rSwfom;p&m pum;vHk;rsm;udk tusOf;csKH;í

azmfjyxm;onf/

3/ ausmfpGmxuf/ ]]rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;) odk Yr[kwf a&cJyifv,fxJu

xdk;xGufaewJh a&cJawmif&JU xdyfpGef;ydkif;}}? rñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpk?

rEÅav;? BuD;yGm;a&; (atmufwdkbm 1990) pm 103-108/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)aoqHk;rIowif;udk rarQmfvifhbJ

Mum;&í tHhMo0rf;enf;&yHkrS olrESifh oduRrf;cJhyHkrsm;udk a&;om;xm;onf/

olr\ ½kyf&nfoGifjyif? pdwf"mwfa&;&m? olr\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1-[k trnf

ay;xm;yHkwdkYudk oabmusESpfoufaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ xdkrSwpfqifh

pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif; tifwmAsL;u@twGuf awGUqHkMuyHk q&mr uG,fvGefjcif;


onf jrefrmpmayavmutwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;aom qHk;½IH;rIBuD; jzpfaMumif;

udk vGrf;qGwfowd&jcif;rsm;pGmjzifh a&;om;xm;onf/

4/ ausmf&ifjrifh/ ]]aoEkdifyg½dk;vm;}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54 (ar 1990)

pm 45-47/

rEÅav;pmaytzGJUESifh rdk;rdk;wdkYawGUqHkum pHy,fjzL

r*¾Zif;twGuf aqG;aEG;tMuHay;Muí cspfcif&if;ESD;vkdY t&Sdefaumif;

&aeMupOf rkd;rkd;aoqHk;oGm;onfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&um jynfol

cspfaom tEkynmonfonf b,fawmhrS raoEkdifbJ jynfolvlxk\

&ifxJwGif xm0&wnf&Sdaevdrfhrnf[k a&;om;xm;onf/

5/ Munfvifat;/]]tm;enf;olwdkYbufu}} rñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpk?


rd k;rd k ;\ tm;EG J Uol? tm;enf;ol? rdef;rom;ud k

em;vnfaxmufxm;pmemí rdef;rom;rsm;bufrS cHpm;a&;zGJUxm;aom

rok"r®pm&D? avmutarSmif? yGifhwcsKdU a<uwcsKdU ponfh 0w¬Krsm;xJrS

pmom;wcsKdUudk jyefvnfcHpm;azmfjy&if; q&mrtouf&Sifaexdkifvsuf

pmawGqufa&;aernfOD;rnfqdkvQif tEkynmvufeufudk tm;udk;&if;

tm;enf;olawGbufrS &yfwnfaeOD;rSyJ[k a&;om;xm;onf/ olr\

vuf&mopfrsm;udk rawGU&awmhbJ aernfjzpfí 0rf;enf;rdaMumif;

a&;om;xm;onf/

6/ cufrm/]]wrf;wjcif;wHqdyf}}? uvsmuvsmuvsmuvsmuvsm? rSwf 111 (ar 1994) pm80-

85/

]]rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) twGuf (4) ESpfajrmuf trSwfw&

tcrf;tem;wGif olYudkcspfaom pma&;q&mrsm;u olr\ yHk&dyfrsm;udk

vGrf;qGwfowd&pGm ajymMum;MupOf pma&;ol&ifxJü cHpm;&aom

tawG;rsm;udk a&;om;xm;onf/


7/ cifaqGOD;/ ]]pmaywGufwm? wpfoufvsm}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54

(ar 1990) pm 6/

,ckvxkwf pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;\ acgif;BuD;tjzpf

a&;om;azmfjy&mwGif r*¾Zif;wpfapmiftwGuf wm0efcHpmwnf;

t&nftcsif;&Sd&ef vdktyfyHkESifh rkd;rdk;wGif xdkt&nftcsif;rsm; jynfhrDaMumif;

r*¾Zif;wm0efxrf;aqmifpOftwGif; pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&GufoGm;cJhaMumif;

rsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

8/ —/ ]]yef;oD;wpfvHk;aysmufqHk;jcif;}} pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? wGJ 2? rSwf 3 (rwf

1990) pm 69-71/

rd k ;r d k ;E Si f h pma&;olwd k Y pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;twGuf

aysmf&Tifwuf<upGmtvkyfvkyfMuyHkudk vGrf;qGwfowd&pGma&;om;xm;onf/

ESpfOD;om; txl;cifrifcspfcifyHk? rkd;rkd;uG,fvGefoGm;jcif;onf 0if;rSnfh

arT;csKdaom yef;oD;wpfvHk; aysmufqHk;jcif;ESifhwlaMumif;udk aqmif;yg;xJüyif

uAsmwpfyk'fjzifh a&;zGJU*kPfjyKxm;onf/

9/ —? ]]orkdif;wGifvsuf xm;cJh&ufw,f}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54 (ar

1990) pm 95-97/

rkd;rdk; ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&SdpOftcgu pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;

t,f'DwmtzGJUESifhtwlpmaytwGuf vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufMuyHkrsm;? rkd;rdk;

ajymcJhaom pum;rsm;ESifhtwl olr\ aysmfaeaomrsufvHk;uav;rsm;?

0rf;enf;aeaom rsufvHk;uav;rsm;udk owd&atmufarhum bk&m;

&Sdckd;wdkif; trQay; arwåmydkYaMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/

10/ ckdifav;udk/ ]]emrusef;onftdkESif;qD (odkYr[kwf) rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

ESifholYpmrsm;}}? tysK dpiftysK dpiftysK dpiftysK dpiftysK dpif? wGJ 1? rSwf 3 (Ekd0ifbm 1993) pm 13-17/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ pmayt,ltq? pmayoabmxm;

rsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;xm;í olra&;om;cJhaom vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snf

wpftkyfcsif;pD\ qkdvdkaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk wpfckcsif; a&;om;í

a0zefaqG;aEG; azmfjyxm;onf/


11/ acwfxGef;? armif/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&}}? a&T0wfrIefa&T0wfrIefa&T0wfrIefa&T0wfrIefa&T0wfrIef?

wGJ 4? rSwf (ar 1994) pm 29-33/

r k d ;r d k ; (tif;vsm;) uG,fvGe f jci f ; (4)E Sp f jynf h

atmufarhzG,f trSwfw&tcrf;tem;rS tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;om;

azmfjyxm;onf/ rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&tzGJU\ em,ursm;u

ajymMum;aom trSwfw&pum;rsm;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf/

12/ —? ]]rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)trSwfw&a[majymyGJ}}? *sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;*sDtD;pD r*¾Zif;? rSwf 8

(Mo*kwfb 1994) pm 50/

18? 6? 94 aeY 0dkiftrfpDatcef;rü jyKvkyfaom

rk d ;r d k ;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&a[majymyG Jü q&m atmifoif;\

a[majymcsufrsm;ud k aumufEkwfwifjyxm;í trSwfw&tzGJU\

tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

13/ cspfOD;ñdk/ ]]qGJqkwfypfcsifwJh jyu©'defwpf&Guf}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54?

(ar 1990) pm 123-125/

r*¾Zif;wpfapmif\ wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf twef

toifh tawGUtMuHK&SdcJhzl;oltaejzifh pHy,fjzL r*¾Zif;udk rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

t,f'Dwmtjzpf vkyfudkifpOf r*¾Zif; tppt&m&m wkd;wuf aumif;rGefcJh

aMumif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

14/ —? ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw& ½kyfyHkvTmrsm;}}? jrm;ewfarmifjrm;ewfarmifjrm;ewfarmifjrm;ewfarmifjrm;ewfarmif?

wGJ 3? rSwf 9 (ar 1994) pm 105-107/

rdk;rdk;twGuf 4 ESpfajrmuf trSwfw&yGJü rkd;rdk;\

rdef;rom;wefrJh zwfoDzwfoD ajy;vTm;ae&aom ½kyfyHk? iyvDü awGUcJhaom

vlYavmurS oif,lp&mrsm;udk rem;wrf; &SmazGaeaom ½kyfyHkESifh pma&;

q&m wpfa,mufxHrS olvdkcsifaom pmrlwpfyk'f&atmif zefwD;awmif;,l

Edkifaom t,f'Dwmaumif;wpfa,muf\ ½kyfyHkrsm;udk trSwf&pGm owd&pGm

a&;om;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/


15/ pE´m? r/]]a<uaomfvnf;ra<u}}? &ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH? rSwf 17 (ar 1991) pm

104-107/

rdk;rd k;onf rarhEd kifaumif;aom pmayzefwD;&Sif

jzpfaMumif;? olronf yef;av;wpfyGifh a<uovdk jzKwfceJ a<uaomfvnf;

olr ze fwD ;c J haom Zmwfaumi f ;r sm;p Gmonf ra<uEd ki faom

yef;uav;rsm;tjzpf olrudk,fpm; pum;ajymaernfjzpfaMumif;

a&;om;xm;onf/

16/ pdefwif? r/ ]] rk d ;rd k ;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGef jcif;ESpfywfvnf

atmif;arhzG,faeY}}? &ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH? rSwf 17 (ar 1991) pm 100-103/

½k&Sm;trsKd;orD; rpdefwifu olrESifh rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

cifrif&if;ESD;yHk? pma&;q&mr\ 0w¬Kudk bmomjyefqdkyHk? rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

uG,fvGefjcif;ESpfvnf tcrf;tem;wGif 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&yHk ajymjycsufudk

pma&;q&mr rpE´mESifh MuLMuLoif;u rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

17/ pdrf;ol? armif(ykodrf-)/ ]]rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)&JU yxraeYrsm; (yxrydkif;)}}?

&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH? rSwf 9 (pufwifbm 1990) pm 76-78/

rdk;rkd;\ taqmifaeausmif;olb0? tdrfaxmifonf

b0ra&mufrDumvrsm;udk azmfjyxm;í udkrsKd;ñGefY\ oli,fcsif;wpfOD;

tjrifjzifh rkd;rdk;tay: ol\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm; a&;om;xm;onf/

18/ —/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)&JU yxraeYrsm; ('kwd,ydkif;)}}? &ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH? rSwf

14 (azazmf0g&D 1991) pm 60-63/

rdk;rdk;ESifh udkrsKd;ñGefYwdkY\ r*FvmaqmifyHk&dyfrsm;udk

azmfjyxm;í olwdk Y\ tdrfaxmifOD;rS om;OD;uav; aersK d;ñGef Y

arG;zGm;onfhtcsdefumvrsm;xJrS oltrSwf&aom rkd;rdk;\ yHk&dyfrsm;udk

a&;om;xm;onf/


19/ —/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) yxraeYrsm; (wwd,ydkif;)? &ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH? rSwf

27 (ar 1992) pm 118-120/

rk d;rd k;(tif;vsm;)wdk Y rdom;pk prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f?

[oFwvrf;ü aexkdifpOfumvrS NrdKUxJ 33 vrf;udk ajymif;onftxd

aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g; 0w¬K a&;om;xkwfa0jzpfaom tcsdefrsm;xJrS

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ yHk&dyfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

20/ pdk;jrifhvwf/ ]]pmzwfolwdk YESvHk;om;wGif xm0&wnf&Sdaernfh

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)ESifh olY0w¬Krsm;}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54 (ar 1990) pm 107-

110/

rkd;rdk;\ vHk;csif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; vlYabmifavmutwGuf

tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk azmfjyxm;um olronf ½dk;½dk;ukwfukwf aexkdif&if;

apwemygaom odu©m& S daom pmrsm;ud kom a&;om;c J h Ny D ;

trsK d;om;pmayqkudk xkdufxkdufwefwef&&S dcJ holwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;

a&;om;xm;í jrefrm0w¬Krsm;jzifh urÇmhpmaytodkif;t0dkif;xJodkY ajccsrd&ef

pGrf;aqmifEkdifcJholwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/

21/ pGrf;&nf? armif/]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)ESifh b0o½kyfazmf0w¬K}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL?

rSwf 54 (ar 1990) pm 48-52/

rkd;rkd;\ pmayoabmw&m;? pmayt,ltqwdkYudk

a&;om;xm;í rkd;rkd;onf pum;enf;enf;yJ ajymí ajymonfhtwdkif;

vkyfaqmifum olr\ 0w¬Krsm;onfvnf; acwfNydKif vlrIa&;b0?

rsufarSmufacwf omrefjynfoltrsm;pk\ b0udk xif[yfaom

a&;om;csufrsm; jzpfí jrefrmpmayavmuwGif awmufyonf h

Mu,fwpfyGifhjzpfaMumif;udk todtrSwfjyK armfuGef;a&;xkd;&rnfjzpfaMumif;

a&;om;xm;onf/

22/ ñdkxGef;vl/ ]]a<uusESif;qD}}? rñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpk? rEÅav;?

BuD;yGm;a&; (atmufwdkbm 1990) pm 27-34/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) aoqHk;rIowif;udk Mum;&pOfrSmyif

rdk;rdk;\ pmayrsm;udk pGJvrf;cJh&yHk? ZmwfaumifwdkY\ b0udk em;vnfcJh&yHk


wdkYtjyif rEÅav;NrdKU&Sd vlxkwdkufrSm olrESifhqHkcJh&yHkudk wa&;a&; jrifa,mif

um oHo&mtqufqufrSm olr a&;csifaompmrsm; a&;Ekdifygap[k qkrGef

aumif;awmif;aMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/

23/ ESif;qDatmif/ ]]uRefrodaom rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)}}? rñdkjym&JU ESif;qDcif;rñdkjym&JU ESif;qDcif;rñdkjym&JU ESif;qDcif;rñdkjym&JU ESif;qDcif;rñdkjym&JU ESif;qDcif;

pmpkpmpkpmpkpmpkpmpk/ rEÅav;? BuD;yGm;a&; (atmufwdkbm 1990) pm 27-34/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬K&Snfrsm;teufrS wcsKdUudk

aumufEkwfwifjyxm;í xdk0w¬&SnfrS &&Sdaom tawG;tac:rsm;?

ar;cGef;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ xkd0w¬K&Snfrsm;udk zwfNyD;aemuf pma&;ol\

&ifxJrSm jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;csufrsm;udkvnf; a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

24/ ra[oDt,f'DwmtzGJU/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) twGuf aEGOD;eHeuf}}?

ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 114 ({NyD 1994) pm 32-33/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGefjcif; 4ESpfjynfh txdrf;

trSwfyGJwGif uAsmq&m? pma&;q&mrsm;u trSwfw&pum; ajymMum;

MuyHkESif h armifaoG;opf olrtwGuf trSwfw&*kPfjyK&Gwfqdkaom

]aqmif;aESmif;av;vD aEGOD;av;vSnfh} uAsmudk azmfjyxm;onf/

25/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGefjcif;...ESifh tif;vsm;pmay}}? [efopf[efopf[efopf[efopf[efopf?

rSwf 46 ({NyD 1994) pm 32-33/

rk d;rd k;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGefjcif; av;ESpfajrmuf

txdrf;trSwfjyKvkyfaom tcrf;tem;taMumif; a&;om;xm;jcif;

jzpfonf/ av;ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwfuAsmudk armifaoG;opfu

a&;om;&Gwfqdkí rkd;rdk;\ ½kyfyHkvTmrsm;udk udk½dk;uGefY? rESif;azG;? cspfOD;ñdkwdkYu

trSwfw& ajymMujcif;udk a&;om;xm;onf/

26/ jrwfcdkif/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) ESpfywfvnftrSwfw&}}? &ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH?

rSwf 17 (ar 1991) pm 108-111/

qdkAD,ufEk difiHol a':pdefwif? rk d;rd k;(tif;vsm;)

ESpfywfvnftcrf;tem;okdY wufa&mufyHk? rkd;rdk;\ yef;yk ½kyfxkyHkwludk orD;


oG,frsKd;ñGefYrS wpfqifh a':pdefwiftm; vufaqmifay;onfh taMumif;

t&mrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifazmfjyxm;onf/

27/ jrwf[def;? armif/ ]pma&;q&mr rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGefonfh

pwkw¬ESpfavmufrSm? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? wGJ 2? rSwf 5? (ar 1994) pm-125/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) \ uG,fvGefjcif; av;ESpfjynfhcJh

aomfvnf; olrudk rarhaom pmayrdwfaqGrsm;u trSwfw&tpDtpOf

jyKvkyfjcif;udk a&;om;xm;í pma&;q&mr rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf *kPfoa&

&SdpGmjzifh olYacwf olYtcgwGif atmifjrifausmfMum;cJhaom pma&;q&mr

wpfOD;[k rSwfwrf;wif *kPfjyKa&;om;xm;onf/

28/ ½dk;uGefY? udk/ ]]jrifuGif;us,ftoHa&mifpHk}}/ rñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpkrñdkjym&JUESif;qDcif;pmpk?


rdk;rk d;a&;cJhaom 0w¬KwcsKdUxJrS Zmwfaumifrsm;

taMumif;udk a&;om;xm;onf/ edrfhus½kef;uef&aom b0rsKd;pHkudk pmayjzifh

a&;zGJUcJhaom olrtm; aorif;rS vGwfajrmuf&efqkawmif;rdaomfvnf;

r&EkdifawmhaMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/

29/ vlrdk;at;/ ] ]aysmufaomvrf;r Sm prf ;w0g; (od k Yr[kwf)

NrdKUjyrD;tdrf}}? ra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oDra[oD? rSwf 33 ({NyD 1987) pm 146-149/

aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;0w¬Kudk *syefbmom

jyefqkdol,mqkudk'dkbm&SD\ a0zefcsuf? wdk½dkwmazmifa';&Sif;\ pmay

a0zefcsuf? *syefpmzwfy&dowfwpfOD;\ tjrifrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjy

xm;onf/

30/ avhvmolwpfOD;/ ]]pmayb0waphwapmif;}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54 (ar

1990) pm 29-35/

rdk;rdk;onf pma&mvla&m cspfcifp&maumif;í ol\

b0ESifh tEkynm? wpfxyfwnf;usaom pmESifh pma&;q&maoG; trsKd;

tpm; wlol[k csD;usL;*kPfjyK a&;om;xm;í rkd;rdk; ouf&Sdxif&Sm; &SdpOf


tcgu pmayavmutwGuf yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhaom "mwfyHkrsm;udkyg

azmfjyxm;onf/

31/ 0ifh? r (jrpfi,f)/]]tvGrf;rsm;pD;wJh vGef;rsm;pnf;}}? rñdkjym&JU

ESif;qDcif;pmpkESif;qDcif;pmpkESif;qDcif;pmpkESif;qDcif;pmpkESif;qDcif;pmpk? rEÅav;? BuD;yGm;a&; (atmufwdkbm 1990) pm 87-

95/

ukefaps;EIef;BuD;jcif;xuf wjcm; a&;p&mxufaumif;

aom odrfarGUeuf½Idif;onfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk a&;om;&ef tm;ay;aom

rk d;rk d;twGuf rEÅav;NrdKUteD;&S d &Gmi,fav;rsm;rS xkwfvkyfaom

tEkynmxGufukefypönf; topftqef;uav;rsm;taMumif; tao;pdwf

a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/ vGef;rsm; pnf;&ufvkyfaom vli,fwdkY\ b0ESifh

tm;rmefowdåudkvnf; a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/ olr trnfay;xm;aom

vGef;rsm;pnf; txnfuav;udkMunfh&if; pma&;ol&ifxJrS tvGrf;rsm;

zdpD;vmygonf[k a&;om;xm;onf/

32/ 0if;pnfol/ ]]yifxufaysmfoifh}}? rñk d jym&JU ESif;qD dcif;pmpkrñk d jym&JU ESif;qD dcif;pmpkrñk d jym&JU ESif;qD dcif;pmpkrñk d jym&JU ESif;qD dcif;pmpkrñk d jym&JU ESif;qD dcif;pmpk?


aorif;u vlrSm;jyD;ac:wwfw,faemf[k trSwfwrJh

ajymcJhol rkd;rkd; wu,fqHk;oGm;aomtcg olrudk vGrf;qGwfwrf;wvsuf

r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwmvkyfol olru r*¾Zif;azmifydwf&ufudk owfrSwfEkdifcJhaomf

vnf; olrb0 azmifydwfoGm;cJhonfudk ajymrjycJhavygvm;[k a&;om;

zGJUqdkxm;onf/

33/ 0if;rif;xGef;/ ]]qkawmif;vdkufonf tkdESif;qD}}? uvsmuvsmuvsmuvsmuvsm? rSwf 63

(ar 1990) pm 56-58/

rkd;rkd;onf omrefrdef;rom;r[kwfbJ pmaye,ftwGuf

wefzkd;&Sdaom rdef;rom;wpfOD;jzpfí olr uG,fvGefjcif;onf tpm;xkd;

r&Ekdifaom tEkynm&SifwpfOD; qHk;½IH;jcif;jzpfaMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/


34/ owif;t,f'Dwm/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&tpDtpOfrsm;rS}}?

&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH&ifckefoH (ar 1994) pm 28-33/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) uG,fvGefjcif; pwkw¬ESpfywfvnfyGJ

tcrf;tem;usif;yyHk? trSwfw&tzGJUzGJUí ,if;tzGJU\ a&SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk

a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

35/ ol&aZmf/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) trSwfw&}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? wGJ 2? rSwf 5

(ar 1994) pm 120-124/

rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ yHk&dyfrsm;xJrS pma&;olowd&rdaom

wdkif;&if;ar*sme,fü uavmifaoG;p umvrsm;? rkd;rkd;\ tdrfaxmifOD;

b0yHk&dyfrsm;udk trSwfw& azmfjyxm;onf/ olr\ ZmwdNrdKUjzpfaom

'dkufOD;NrdKUwGifvnf; trSwfw&wpfck vkyfoifhaMumif; tMuHay;xm;onf/

36/ oQm;wJhatmif/ ]] rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) psmyerSwfwrf;}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf

54 (ar 1990) pm 19-28/

rkd;rkd; aoqHk;onfhaeYrSpí &ufvnfqGrf;auR;onfhaeY

txd tpDtpOfrsm;? rD;oN*Ø[fonfhaeYwGif ol\ pmay&Jabmf&Jbufrsm;u

*kPfjyKuAsm&GwfqdkMuyHkrsm;udk xGef;xGef; (pHy,fjzL)\ rSwfwrf;"mwfyHkrsm;

ESifhwuG rSwfwrf;jyKpkxm;onf/

37/ [def;vwf/ ]]rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ aojcif;tbd"r®m}}? pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf

54 (ar 1990) pm 126-130/

rdk;rkd;onf olr\ pmayrsm;aumif;Mumif;udk pma&;

q&m tcsif;csif;u csD;usL;onfhtcg *kPf,lrmerwufbJ wnfNidrfaom

rsufESmjzifh pmzwfolrsm;twGuf tusKd;&Sdrnfh pmayrsm;om a&;om;

onf[k jyefajymavh&SdaMumif;? jyHK;íomaewwfaMumif;? pHy,fjzLr*¾Zif;udk

aumif;onfxufaumif;atmif aqmif&GufcJhaMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/


38/ trm? a':(vlxk-)/ ]]rkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;) twGuf tarhvufaqmif}}?

pHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzLpHy,fjzL? rSwf 54 (ar 1990) pm 44/

rdk;rkd;onf jrefrmpmay o&zl\ pdefwpfyGifhjzpfí olr\

pmayrsm;onf acwfwpfacwfudk azmfjyaeonfh pmayrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh

t"GefY&Snf wnfwHhygap[k qkrGefaumif;awmif;xm;onf/


rdrdESif h rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESif h rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESif h rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESif h rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)rdrdESif h rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)

ewfE G,fewfE G,fewfE G,fewfE G,fewfE G,f


1

(u)

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rdk;rdk;ESifh rdrd yxrqHk;c&D;twl oGm;zl;onfrSm 1978 ckESpfu jzpfonf/

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[oFmwwGif ZvGefpmqdkawmftzGJUu apmifhBudKaeMuonf/

[oFmwaomifBuD;udk aeylxJwGif jzwfMu&onf/ oJuylyl? aeuylyl?

avuylyl? a&uylyl/

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tazsmufuae rtlyifodkYvnf; armfawmfuav;ESifhyif/ aygif;rdk;armfawmf

uav;/

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aea&mifu a&jyifrS wpfqifh rdrdwdkYudk a&mifjyef[yfaeonf/

ysif;p&maumif;vdkufwm? zJxkyfygvm&if aumif;rSmyJ/

atmifr,f...wpfa,mufrSm zJxkyfygvmonf/


uJ...'gjzifh upm;Mu&atmif/

uefYuGufol r&Sdyg/

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yxrawmh rdrdwdkYu rdk;rdk;udk n§mupm;Muonf/ rdrdwdkYudk,f rdrdwdkY

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a&mufoGm;onf/ taysmfwrf;rdkY awmfawmhonf/ aMu;BuD;BuD;rsm; upm;rd

vQif rdrdwdkY ykqdk;awG? wdkufyHkawG aygif&ojzifh a[majymyGJpifay:udkawmif

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w,fqdk}

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aemufwpfyGJu oeyfyif? 1979 Edk0ifbm/

oeyfyifyGJudk rdk;rdk;\ tpfudk OD;jrifhodef;u pDpOfjcif; jzpfonf/

onfyGJrSmvnf; rdrd? rdk;rdk;? ajrZm? rif;ausmf? armifae0if;/ 'D ig;a,mufyif/

udkrsdK;nGefYvnf; ygonf/ trSefawmh olvnf; a[mzdkYaumif;onf/ olvnf;

pma&;q&myif/

OD;jrifhodef;u rdrdwdkYtwGuf a'otpm;tpmrsm; txl;pDpOf

ay;onf/ zm;&,f? <uuf&,f.../

rdrdwdkYrSm rEdIuf&J EdIuf&J? rpm;&J pm;&J/

rdk;rdk;udk Munfhvdkufawmh wuRwfuRwfESifh/

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]q&mwdkYyJ ajymw,f? pHk&r,fqdk}

[kwfygh/

aemufwpfyGJu ykodrf? omaygif;? 1979 'DZifbm/

onfc&D;rSmawmh rdrd? rdk;rdk;? rif;ausmf? armifae0if; av;a,muf

wnf;/ ajrZm rygawmh/ udkrsdK;nGefYvnf; rvdkuf/ rdk;rdk;\ oli,fcsif;

wpfa,muf tazmfvdkufvmonf/


ykodrfAdkvfwJrSm wnf;&onf/ rdrd? rif;ausmf? armifae0if;u

wpfcef;? rdk;rdk;ESifh olYoli,fcsif;u wpfcef;/

xdknu rdrdwdkY aumif;aumif;rtdyf&/ wpfzufcef;u rdef;uav;

ESpfa,muf wpfnvHk; pum;wGwfxdk;aeMuaomaMumifh.../

reufusawmh-

]b,fvdkjzpfMuwmvJ? wpfnvHk;rtdyfyJ bmawGrsm;? 'gavmuf

ajymaeMuwmvJ}

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vHk; xdkifNyD; pum;ajymaeMuwm}

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aumif;ygayh? wapäeJY ]]AsL;}} rvdkYeJY wlw,f/

omaygif; AdkvfwJrSmvnf; wpfnvHk; pum;ajymaeMuonf/

awmfawmfajymEdkifonfh ESpfa,mufyJ/

odkYaomf...

rdk;rdk;onf a[majymyGJwGifawmh pum;odyfrajymyg/ em&D0uf

avmufomajymonf/

trSefawmh olonf a[majymonfhtvkyfudk tm;oefvSyHk r&yg/

pma&;aumifaomfvnf; pum;ajymraumif;vSyg/ toHwdk;onf/ trlt&m

vIyf&Sm;rIr&Sd/ NyHK;½Hkuav;rQom/

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&Sdonf/ olonf 79 ckESpf wpf&moDyJ [kwfwdywfwd vdkufzl;onf/ xdkYtjyif

rdrdwdkY oHk;a,mufavmufESifhom vdkufjzpfonf/

ykodrf? omaygif;rS tjyefwGif aZ,s0wDodkY oGm;Muonf/ rdrd?

rdk;rdk;? armifae0if;? armifpGrf;&nfjzpfonf/ udkrsdK;nGefYvnf; vdkufygvmonf/

aZ,s0wDpuf½Hku t&ufxGufonfqdkí avhvm&atmif vdkufygvmjcif;

vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ rdrdwdkY a&mufoGm;csdefwGif puf½Hkydwfxm;onf/ odkYaomf

rdrdwdkY vmrnfqdkojzifh puf½Hkrydwfcif rdrdwdkY jrnf;prf;Munfh&ef t&uf

wpfpnf (wpfayyg) csufxm;onf[k qdkonf/ uJ...b,fhES,f&Sdp?

bmtckrS aMumufygNyDvJ/


aZ,s0wDrS tjyefwGif &efukefrSm wpfyG Ja[mMuonf/

vrf;rawmfrSm jzpfonf/ xHk;pHtwdkif;yif rdrd? rif;ausmf? armifae0if;?

ajrZm? rdk;rdk;/

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&,f? xm;&,f? at;0rf; wifwifvSu tcrf;tem;rSL;/

a[majymyGJ NyD;aomtcg aumfrwDu rdrdwdkYudk av,mOfysH

pmtdwfuav;awG wpftdwfpDay;onf/ zGifhMunfhvdkufawmh aiG ESpf&mpD/

[m...b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ/

rdrdwdkYudk vufaqmifypönf; ay;MuwmawG &Sdonf/ odkYaomf

,ckvdk wpfcgrQ ydkufqHray;zl;ygbl;/

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ay;&w,f/ 'gaMumifh q&m? q&mrwdkYudkvnf; ESpf&mpD ay;wmyg/

ao[Jh edEd,/

]q&m&,f ydkufqHawmh ,lvdkYraumif;bl;xifygw,f/ uRefrwdkYu

ajcaumufvdkufa[mwmrsKd; jzpfaeNyD}

rdk;rdk; pdwf½IyfaxG;[efjzifh ajymonf/

onfhaemuf rdk;rdk;a[majymyGJrvdkufawmhyg/

(wpfcgyJ e,fpyfa'o wpfae&modkY vdkufoGm;onf[k Mum;&

onf/)

aemufydkf;wGif rdk;rdk;ESifh rdrd tawGUusJoGm;onf/ rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0 r*¾Zif;udk

'kwd,tBudrf jyefvkyf&mwGif ta&SUydkif; csif;wGif;wdkufcsif;wGif;wdkufcsif;wGif;wdkufcsif;wGif;wdkufcsif;wGif;wdkufESifh ausmufajrmif;

a&Tjynfpdk;wdkufa&Tjynfpdk;wdkufa&Tjynfpdk;wdkufa&Tjynfpdk;wdkufa&Tjynfpdk;wdkufrsm;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;&m t&ifuavmuf 33 vrf;odkY ra&muf

awmh/ odkYaomf rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0twGuf pmrlawmif;vQif rdk;rdk;a&;ay;ygonf/ ]]rndKjym

aumvd,acsmif; eHab;rSmaeonf}} rSm rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0rdk;a0 r*¾Zif; 0w¬K&Snf jzpfonf/

Ä

rdk;a0udk 'kwd,tBudrf vufvTwfjyefaomtcg rdrdu 37 vrf;odkY jyef

a&mufvmonf/ odkYaomf rdk;rdk;u ausmufajrmif;odkY ajymif;oGm;onf/

ausmufajrmif;tdrfodkY rdrdd wpfacgufyJa&mufzl;onf/ rdrdwdkY

naebuf 0dkif;xdkif&ef ydkufqH r&Sdojzifh udkrsdK;nGefYu ausmufajrmif;tdrf

0ifNyD; ydkufqH,ljcif;jzpfonf/ rdk;rdk;u xHk;pHtwdkif; rdrdwdkYudk vJhvJhuav;

NyHK;um ydkufqHtdwfudkzGifhNyD; &SdorQ ydkufqHtukefay;vdkufonf/ wpf&mausmf

ESpf&mvm;yJ/


rdk;rdk;ESifh rdrd aemufqHk;awGUonfrSm 1988 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv

20 &ufaeYu jzpfonf/ pmayESifh pma&;q&mtusdK; o,fydk;&ef aqG;aEG;

nd§EdIif;MupOfu jzpfonf/ rdk;rdk; wuf<uvsuf&Sdonf/ olu pmayESifh pma&;

q&mrsm; tusdK;twGuf us&mwm0ef xrf;aqmif&ef pdwftm;xufoef

vsuf &Sdonf/ rdrdwdk YESif htwl vufwGJaqmif&Guf&ef uwdjyKonf/

,if;aMumifhvnf; oluG,fvGefaomtcg wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; aESmifzGJUaejcif;

r&SdbJ? oGm;vdk&modkY vGwfvyfpGm oGm;a&mufedkif&ef rdrdwdkYu aMuuGJ0rf;enf;

pGmjzifh trdefYjyefwrf; jyefMum;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf/

oGm;vdk&modkY vGwfvyfpGm oGm;ygawmh rdk;rdk;/

rdrdwdkYuawmh &nfrSef;xm;aom pmay c&D;vrf;udk qufvuf

csDwufMu&ygOD;rnf/

wpfaeYwGif rdrdwdkY arQmfvifhxm;aom pmayyef;wdkifodkY a&muf&Sd

rnfrSm ajrBuD;vufcwf rvGJyg rdk;rdk;/

rdk;rdk;udk rdrdwdkY rSwfwrf;wifxm;ygonf/

(cs,f&D? ar? ZGef? Zlvdkif? 1990)(cs,f&D? ar? ZGef? Zlvdkif? 1990)(cs,f&D? ar? ZGef? Zlvdkif? 1990)(cs,f&D? ar? ZGef? Zlvdkif? 1990)(cs,f&D? ar? ZGef? Zlvdkif? 1990)


rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmtkyfrsm; tñTef;


1/ a<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<ua<urvdkeJUa0 a0rvdkeJYa<u/ &efukef?

yg&rDpmpOf ? 1981/ 302 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf – 143) tro –

81^147/

tcsp fa&;wGi f awGa0 rjywfom;

jzpfwwfaom rdef;uav;wpfOD; taMumif;

jzpfonf/ ESvHk;om;rS cspfoludk OD;aESmufESif h

a&G;cs,fwwf&ef rdef;uav;rsm;tm; todynm

ay;xm;onf/

rSwfcsuf/ / 'g½d kufwmBuD;jrif hu xkdtrnfESif hyif ½kyf&Sif

o½kyfaqmif &efatmif? ausmf&Jatmif? aroef;EkwdkYESifh ½kyf&Sif

½dkuful;cJhonf/

2/ a<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,fa<u&iftwlwla<ur,f/ &efukef?

Arm trsdK;orD;pmay? 1983/ 113-232 pm? 16

qifwD/

*DwtEkynm&Sifrsm;udk olwdkY\ tdrfaxmif

zufrsm;u txl;em;vnfzd k Y vk dtyfaMumif;

a&;om;xm;onf/ tdrfaxmifpkwpfckwGif vifa&m?

r,m;yg tqd k ;taumi f ;u d k r Qa0c Hpm;z k d Y

vkdtyfaMumif; a&;zGJUxm;onf/

rSwfcsuf/ / rpE´m\ *sdef;*sdef;*sKwf*sKwf

*sdef;*sKwf*sKwfESifh yl;wGJ xkwfa0onf/


3/ cHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmhcHwufEkuav;awG ñdI;csdefwefawmh/&efukef? rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1987/ 224 pm?16 pifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 164) &wp– 8761/

ysOf;rem;aZ,s0wDoMum;pufudk trSDjyKívkyfudkif&SmazGpm;aomuf aeMuaom 0efxrf;r dom;p kr sm;taMumif ;ud k a&;z G J Uxm;onf/avmuwGif qif;&J'Pfudk raMumufbJ b0udkyifyef;pGm wnfaqmufMuol? ynmwwf jzpfvdkol?

at;aq;½dk;om;í t&SuftaMumufBuD;ol? b0udk tvG,fvrf;rS vkdufíBuD;yGm;csrf;omvd kol ponfjzif h avmuDvlom;wd k YtaMumif;ud kZmwfaumifrsm;pGmjzifh o½kyfazmfa&;zGJUxm;onf/

4/ *sdK;*s d K;*s d K;*s d K;*s d K;/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1980/ 404pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 139)wAp-283077

rdrdb0\ tm;enf;csufudk rdrdbmom½dk;r,fzGJUum avvGifhcJholwpfOD; taMumif;udka&;zGJUxm;onf/ udk,hfb0udk,f aumif;atmifvkyfzdk YESifh avmu"Hudk owåd&SdpGm t"dyÜg,f&Sd&Sd&ifqdkifzdk YomvQif t"dujzpfaMumif; azmfñTef;a&;om;xm;aom 0w¬Kwpfyk'fjzpfonf/


5/ iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;iyvDZmwfvrf;/ &e fuke f ? tifvsm;pmay? 1975/ 202 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 112) tro – 76^162

NrdKUaevlwef;pm;tay: aus;awmol&cd ki foluav;wpfO D;\ awG Y jrifc Hpm;&yH kud ka&;zGJUxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ½dk;om;oefYpifonfh iyvDurf;ajc\ tvStyudk tusnf;wefnpfEGrf;aponfh txufwef;pm;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;wdkY\azmufjyefrI rrSefuefrItaxGaxGudk yDjyifatmif

a&;zGJUxm;aom 0w¬Kjzpfonf/

6/ Nidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&SufygNidrf;udk&Sufyg/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?1979/ 225 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 137) tro 79^897/

avmb a'go arm[rD;wdkYjzifh avmifNrdKufvsuf&Sdonfh rdom;pk wpfpktwGif;ü aexdkif&aom'ku©dwa0'emonf\ vlYoabm? vlYraemESif h&SufzG,f&m p½dkufvu©Prsm;udk ½IjrifoHk;oyfrdyHkESifhpdwfcHpm;csufudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/

7/ nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;nDrav;u tcspfudkudk;uG,fowJhvm;/&efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1981/ 315 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 145) wAp-195523/

b0&nfrSef;csuf rjynfhpH kbJ tcspfudkudk;uG,f qnf;uyfrdygu b0tem*wfrvSybJpdwfa&mvlyg 'ku© a&mufwwfaMumif; rdef;uav;rsm;tm; oifcef;pmay; 0w¬Kwpfyk'fjzpfonf/tcspfud k ,H k Munfudk;pm;rdonfh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf taMumif;udk a&;zGJUonf/

---? 'kwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1984/ 302 pm?pm 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyf 145 'k) wAp-315861/


8/ xdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&SnfxdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&SnfxdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&SnfxdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&SnfxdkaeYu rD;rvmygESif h r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snf

rsm;rsm;rsm;rsm;rsm;/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif; vsm;) pmtkyf? 1985/

441 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyf 158)

wAp-324926/

r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif azmfjycJhaom 0w¬K&Snf (7)

yk'fudk wpfaygif; wpfpnf;wnf; yH kES dyfazmfjy

xm;onf/

yg0ifaom 0w¬Krsm;udk 0w¬Ktcef;u@ü

wpfyk'fcsif;pD oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;NyD; udkvnf;Munfh

tñTef;jzifh jyefñTef;xm;ygonf/ (131? 116? 101? 115? 78? 61? 83

udkvnf;Munfh)

9/ emrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qDemrusef;onf tdkESif;qD/ &efukef?

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1983/ 347 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 150) &wp-8762/

---/ 'kwd,wGJ/ &efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf?

1983/ 349-678 pm? 16 pifwD (pmayavmu

pmtkyftrSwf 150-'k) &wp-8736/

pmay0goem&Sif rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\

b0ESifh BudK;yrf;rIudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/ rnfodkYaom

tajctaers d K ;r Smyif jzpfap? r dr d,H k Munf&m

pmayvrf;aMumif;ay:wGif r,drf;r,dkif razmuf

rjyef &yfwnfEdkif&ef BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfaom

pma&;q&mwd k Y\ b0ESi f h ,H k Munfcsufud k

a&;zGJUxm;onf/


10/ yef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&myef;½d kif;wpf&m/ &efukef ? ynm*kPf

pmay? 1981/ 79-198 pm? 16 qifwD? wAp-

294617/

pm;aomufqdkifwGif pm;yGJxdk;vkyf&aom

rdef;uav;wdkY\ tEÅ&m,frsm;yHkudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/

tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK;Mum;rS tusifhpm&dwå rysufpD;bJ

pm;aomufqdkifwGif pm;yGJxdk;vkyfí b0wufvrf;udk

vrf;rSefrS BudK;pm;&SmazGaom rdef;uav;wpfOD;\

b0ESifh tm;rmefudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/

rSwfcsuf/ / armifom&\ &Gmi,fZeyk'f rD;uav;

rSdwfwkwfESifh yl;wGJxkwfa0onf/

11/ aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;/

&efukef? xGef;xGef; jrefrmpmay jr§ifhwif xkwfa0a&;

Xme? 1974/ 222 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmu

pmtkyftrSwf 92) wAp – 176242/

tdrfaxmifwpfckud k xlaxmif&mwGif

rde f;uav;ESif h a,musfm; av; ESpfO D;pvH k;

tcuftcJud k owå d& S dp Gm &ifqd ki fajz&Sif;&ef

vd ktyfaMumif;E Si f h cufc JusO f ;ajrmi f ;aom

NrdKUjyvlaepepfudk a&;zGJUonf/

---/ 'kwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? tif;vsm;pmpOf? 1975/ 222 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf-92 'k) tro 75^1302/

---/ wwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? c&rf;a&mifpmpOf? 1994/ Z? 147 pm? 16

qifwD/

rSwfcsuf / /wwd,tBudrfxkwfü pma&;ol\ trSmpmyg&Sdonf/

1974 ckESpf trsdK;om;pmayqk&pmtkyf jzpfonf/ 'g&dkufwm

Munfpdk;xGef;u xdktrnfESifhyif &kyf&Sifo&kyfaqmif rif;OD;? ZifrmOD;wdkYESifh

ADG'D,dk&dkuful;cJhonf/


12/ yGifhwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKUyGif hwcsdKU a<uwcsdKU/&efukef? qdk&S,fpmtkyfwdkuf? 1975/ 315 pm 16pifwD/ wAp 250187/

b0tcuftcJtwGuf ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;Mu&mrSm avSavSm f&i f; wufus d K ; Mu&aomrdef;uav;wpfOD;taMumif;udk a&;zGJUxm;onf/taMumif;tqifroifhí a&wdrfepfMu&mwGifqif;&Jom;rsufESmrGJ rdef;uav;rsm;u ydkíepfemwwfMuaMumif;udk a&;zGJUxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

---/ 'kwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1977/ 315 pm? 16 qifwD/wAp-257091

13/ b,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,fb,folvmulyghr,f/ &efukef?tif;vsm;pmay? 1977/ 218 pm? 16 pifwD?wAp251750/

rdcifqHk;oGm;í tdrfaxmifwpfckvHk;udkwm0ef,l&aom rdef;u av;wpfOD;\ pGefYvTwftepfemcHrIESifh wm0efodwwfrIudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/xdkrdef;uav;rsdK;wdkY\ pdwfcHpm;csufudk tdrfom;rsm;u em;vnf*½kpdkuf zdkYvdktyfaMumif;udkvnf;a&;om;xm;onf/

14/ rok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&Drok"r®pm&D/ &efukef? rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)pmtkyf? 1982/ 317 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 146) wAp-297550/

avmuDvlom;wd k Y\ avmb? a'go?arm[? rmeESifh tmCw w&m;wdkY\ ylavmifrIESifhAk'¨w&m;awmf&dyfatmufrS omoemjyKyk*¾dKvfwdkY\arwåm? u½kPm? rk'dwm? Nidrf;at;rIrsm;ud kEdIif;,SOfa&;zGJUxm;onf/ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; &cJvSaomoDv&SifwdkY\ a,bk,saeYpOfb0udkvnf; a&;om;

xm;onf/


rSwfcsuf/ /'g½dkufwmMunfpdk;xGef;u xdktrnfESifhyif

&kyf&Sif o&kyfaqmif rdk Yrdk Yjrifhatmif? ausmf&Jatmif? jrifhjrifhcdkif?

½Ir0prf;prf;at;? aZmfvif;wdkYjzifh ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJhonf/

15/ rD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQifrD;a&mifatmufudk0ifvQif/ &efukef?

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1985/ 348 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmu pmtkyftrSwf 154)

½ky f& Si favmu\ ½Iy faxG;ayGvDaom

vlrIa&;taMumif; jzpfonf/ ½ky f& Si favmu

wpfckwnf;ü usifvnfaeMuaom vlom;wdkY\

b0 tajctae pdwfcHpm;csuf? pGrf;aqmifEdkifrI

twd ki f;twm? atmifjrifrI twuftusud k

a&;zGJUxm;onf/

16/ rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 1/

&efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1982/ 248 pm?

16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 147)

wAp-300745/

1972 ckESpf pufwifbmv aiGwm&D

r* ¾Zi f ;w Gi f azm f jyyg& S donf h pma&;ol\

yxrqHk;0w¬Kwdk tdrfeD;csif;trnf&Sd0w¬KrS tpjyKí

1979 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 0gPdZÆr*¾Zif;rS aESmif;rdk;

trnf&S d 0w¬Kwd ktxd 0w¬Kwd k (14) yk'fud k

pkpnf;yHkESdyfa0jcif;jzpfonf/

yg0ifaom 0w¬Kwd krsm;udk 0w¬Krsm;tcef;u@ü wpfyk'fcsif;

oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;NyD; udkvnf;MunfhtñTef;jzifh jyefñTef;xm;ygonf/

(154? 72? 104? 69? 71? 95? 63? 130? 153? 138? 58? 76? 103? 53

udkvnf;Munfh)

rSwfcsuf/ / 1982 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay0w¬Kqk&pmtkyfjzpfonf/


17/ rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 2/

&efukef? rdkk;rdk; (tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1986/ 283

pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 162)

wAp-364023/

1980? rwfvrS 1985 Edk0ifbmvtwGif;

yH kES dyfazmfjyNyD;aom 0w¬Kwdkwpfq,fhig;yk'fudk

jyefvnfpkpnf;azmfjyxm;onf/

yg0ifaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk 0w¬Krsm; tcef;

u@ü wpfyk'fcsif; oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;NyD; udkvnf;

MunfhtñTef;jzifh jyefñTef;xm;ygonf/

(89? 149? 90? 92? 133? 109? 151? 111? 73? 118? 70? 97? 135?

86 udkvnf;Munfh)

rSwfcsuf/ / 1986 ckESpf trsKd;om;pmay0w¬Kwdkqk&pmtkyf

jzpfonf/

18/ rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3rdk;rd k;(tifvsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 3/

&efukef? wufvrf;pmay? 1993/ 323 pm? 16

qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 198)

r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif azmfjycJhaom 0w¬Kwdktyk'f

(30) udk wpfaygif; wpfpnf;wnf;jyefvnf

yHkESdyfazmfjyxm;onf/

yg0ifaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk 0w¬Krsm;tcef;

u@ü wpfyk'fcsif; oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;NyD; udkvnf;

Munfh tñTef;jzifh jyefñTef;xm;ygonf/

(59? 86? 68? 80? 144? 82? 102? 124?

77? 136? 67? 128? 84? 79? 134? 145? 65? 127? 96? 125? 91? 122?

57? 113? 98? 66? 150? 81? 152? 140 udkvnf;Munfh)


19/ rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4rkd;rkd;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm; 4/ &efukef?

aomfupmay? 2003/ 295 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 332)

r*¾Zif;xJwGif azmfjycJhaom 0w¬Kwdk 15

yk'fudk wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf; jyefvnfyHkES dyf

azmfjyxm;onf/

20/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;/

&efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1980/ p? 305 pm? 16 qifwD

(pmayavmu pmtkyf 141) wAp-283859/

r*¾Zif;rsm; azmfjycJhaom 0w¬K&Snfrsm;

wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf; yHkESdyfazmfjyxm;onf/

pma&;ol\ trSmpm yg&Sdonf/

yg0ifaom0w¬Krsm;udk 0w¬Krsm;tcef;u@ü

wpfyk'fcsif; udkvnf; MunfhtñTef;jzifh azmfjyxm;

onf/

(148? 123? 120? 100? 88? 85 udkvnf;Munfh)

rSwfcsuf/ / 1980 jynfhESpftwGuf trsdK;om;pmay 0w¬Kwdkqk

&&Sdaompmtkyf jzpfonf/

21/ arwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyifarwåmurf;em;? tcspfopfyif/

&efukef? rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1985/ 279 pm?

16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 156)

wAp-323684/

b0qdkonfrSm udk,farQmfvifhovdk rjzpf

wwfonfh oabmudk a&;zG J Uonf/ i,f&G,f

acsmarmonfh rkqdk;rwpfOD;\ b0ESifh tcspf

taMumif; jzpfonf/


22/ jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;jrLarSmifa0uif;/ &efukef? aomfupmay?2003/ pm 88? 11 qifwD? (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf-328)/

wdkif;&if;ar*sme,f? tcef;quf0w¬K&Snftjzpf azmfjyyg&SdNyD;onfudk vHk;csif;0w¬Ktjzpfjyefvnfxkwfa0/

aemuftdrfaxmifjyKoGm;aom zcifudkrauseyfonfhpdwfjzifh qefYusifaom rdef;uav;wpfa,muftaMumif; jzpfonf/

23/ jrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonfjrefrmjynfrSmaeMuonf/ &efukef?rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1983/ 251 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 151) wAp-311793/

jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd vli,frsm;\ vIyf&Sm;½kef;uefaexdkifMu&rIudk xif[yfazmfjyEd kif&efBudK;yrf;a&;om;xm;onfh 0w¬Krsm;jzpfonf/ r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif azmfjyzl;aom 0w¬K&Snf 5yk'fudk wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf; azmfjy xm;onf/

yg0ifaom 0w¬Krsm;udk 0w¬Krsm;u@üwpfyk'fcsif; oD;jcm; azmfjyxm;NyD; udkvnf;MunfhtñTef;jzifh jyefñTef;xm;ygonf/

(64? 107? 108? 114? 121 udkvnf;Munfh)

24/ rSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifhrSwpfqifh/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?1978/ 254 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 133) tro 78^1477/

olaX;orD;jzpfvsufESifh b0ay; tajctaetwdkif; oufaomifh oufomESifh b0udk orm;½dk;ustwdkif; roGm;vdkbJ udk,fhtBudKufoD;jcm; b0yHkpHwpf&yf wnfaqmufMunfhvdkaom rdef;uav;wpfOD;taMumif;jzpfonf/ tawG;tac: t,ltq


csif; uGm[vsuf&Sdaom rdbESifh om;orD;wdkY\ y#dyu©Mum;rS oHa,mZOfESifhcspfjcif;arwåmudk a&;zGJUxm; onf/

25/ rSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyDrSwyg; tjcm;r&SdNyD/&efukef? yg&rD pmpOf? 1978/ 241 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmupmtky ftr Swf 131) tro78^989/

om;orD;wdkYtay: rnfonfharQmfvifhcsufrQrxm;bJ twdkif;rod xm;&Sdtyfaom rdcifwpfOD;\arwåmESif h rdom;pkwpfpktwGif;rSmyif pdwfoabmxm; t,ltqcsif; uGm[vsuf&SdaomnDtpfudkarmifESrwpfpkwdk Y \ tjzpftysufudk

a&;zGJUxm;onf/rSwfcsuf/ / 'g½dkufwm cifarmifOD;? pdk;odrf;xG#fuxdktrnfESifhyif ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJh&m trsdK;orD; ZmwfydkYqkudk a':jrifhjrifhcif uvnf;aumif;? trsdK;om;Zmwfydk Yqkudk armifpdrf;atmifuvnf;aumif; 1980 ckESpftwGuf tu,f'rD &&SdcJhonf/

26/ &GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;&GufvSyef;/ &efukef ? tif;vsm;pmay? 1975/ 262 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 103) tro 75^ 1349/

vlYb0 tajymif;tvJ[lonf jrefqefvSí?vlu b0udk rzefwD;Edkif? b0uom vludk zefwD;aewwfonfh oabmudk a&;zGJUxm;onf/ tcspftwGuf emusnf;jcif;? b0\ qHk;½HI;rIrsm; twGufwkefvIyfawGa0jcif;udk Mum&Snf rcHpm;oifhbJjzpfvmonfh tajctaerS tm;rmef tjynfhESifh b0

udk &ifqdkifBudK;pm;zdkYvdkaMumif; a&;zGJUxm;onf/---/ 'kwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? tif;vsm;pmay? 1995/ 256 pm? 16 qifwD/


27/ a&Twd*HkudkjrifvQifa&Twd*HkudkjrifvQifa&Twd*HkudkjrifvQifa&Twd*HkudkjrifvQifa&Twd*HkudkjrifvQif/ &efukef? yg&rDpmpOf?1979/ 395 pm? 16 qifwD (pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 135) wAp-278231/

NrdKUjyvlaerIpepf\ usOf;ajrmif;Muyfwnf;½IyfaxG;rI? NrdKUjyvlaerI jyóemrsm;Mum;wGifMuyfwnf;rGef;epfpGm vIyf&Sm;½kef;uef aeMuonfhNrdKYjyae vlom;rsm;\ 'ku©a0'emrsm;udk pkpnf;a&;zGJUxm;onfh 0w¬K jzpfonf/

28/ a0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif ha0'emMumeDyGif h/ &efukef? rd k;rd k;(tif;vsm;)pmtkyf? 1982/ 291 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 148) wAp-303747/

rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ b0udk ½kef;uef&ifqdkif&Jonfh owådESifh qE&r®ufuif;pGm cspfwwfaom pdwfudk cHpm;em;vnfwwf&ef a&;zGJUxm;onf/ vlwd k Yonf ud k,farG;zGm;usifvnf&mywf0ef;usifrS ½kef;xGufEdkif&ef BudK;pm;Muaomfvnf;ratmifjrifbJ us&mb0wGif tqifajyovdk ae

oGm;Muonfh vlYb0avmutaMumif; jzpfonf/

29/ ork'&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,fork'&mckESpfpif; jrpfrif;wpfq,fhoHk;oG,f/&efukef? yg&rDpmpOf? 1980/ 370 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 142) wAp-287385/

rdrdwnfrSD&mavmuwGif ae&Jonfh owådudkt&if;wnf usifvnfaeMu&onfh rdef;rom;wdkY\b0tawGUtMuHK? tjzLtrnf;? tvif;tarSmif?tH Mo0rf;ajrmufz G,f&m? 0rf;enf;emusnf;zG,f&mrsm;udk a&;zGJUxm;onf/


30/ oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;oHk;vGef;wifrSBudK;/ &efukef? rdk;rd k;(tif;vsm;) pmtkyf? 1982/ 379 pm? 16 qifwD(pmayavmupmtkyftrSwf 149) &wp-8764/

rsufarSmufacwf aus;vufawm&Gmuav;wpf&GmrS awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh ukefoG,fv,f,m0efxrf;wcsdKU\ b0udk xyf[yfEdkif&efa&;zGJUxm;onf/

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i,folwd k YavmuwGif jzp fwwfaomaysm f& Ti f MunfE I ; jci f ; ? aMuuG J0r f ;enf; jci f ; ?pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;? &Tifvef;wuf<ujcif; ponfhvli,fwdkY\ pdwfcHpm;csufrsm;ESifh rjywfom;aomtcspfpdwftaMumif;udk a&;zGJUonf/


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ESif h olY0w¬Krsm;ESif h olY0w¬Krsm;ESif h olY0w¬Krsm;ESif h olY0w¬Krsm;ESif h olY0w¬Krsm;

pdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwf

(1)

1970-80 umvrsm;wGif jrefrmpmayavmuü trsdK;orD; pma&;q&mr

ESpfOD;wdkY wpfNydKifeufvdk xGufay:vmonfudk owdjyKrdonf/ olwdkYESpfOD;rSm

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)ESifh rpEmjzpfMuNyD; olwdkY uavmifrsm;uvnf; olY[efESifhol

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csDwufvmMu&m ckcgwGifrl olwdkYESpfOD;xHrS rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) [laom

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vlYb0ESifh pmaye,frS tEdkifydkif;í xGufcGmoGm;cJhacsNyD/


(2)

ol\ yxrqHk;aom vHk;csif;0w¬KrSm ]aysmufaomvrf;rSm prf;w0g;}

jzpfonf/

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prf;w0g;0g;jzifh avQmufvSrf;&if; vrf; b,frjrif jzpfae&onfh acwfjy

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zl;onf/

xdkyGJOD;xGuf 0w¬KESifhyif olonf 1974 ckESpftwGuf trsdK;om;

pmay 0w¬K&Snfqkudk qGwfcl;&&SdoGm;onf/ xdk0w¬Kudk 1975 ckESpfwGif

'kwd,tBudrf jyef½dkuf&NyD; aemifwGif ½k&Sm;bmomjzifh jyefqdkjcif; cH&onf[k

od&onf/

onfvdkESifh olonf 0w¬Kwdk? &SnfESifh vHk;csif;0w¬Krsm;udk qufwdkuf

vdk a&;om;xkwfa0vmcJhonf/ txl;ojzifh olonf trsdK;orD;wdkY\ b0udk

ydkí em;vnfovdk pdwf0ifwpm;} a&;zGJUvmonfudk awGU&onf/

ol\ 'kwd,0w¬Kpmtkyfjzpfaom ]yGifhwcsdKU a<uwcsdKU} rSm acwf

umv\ vlrIpD;yGm;vdIif;wHydk;rsm;Mum;wGif ul;cwf½kef;uef&if; b0udk

wnfaqmufaeMu&ol trsdK;orD;i,frsm;\ b0udk zGifhqdkxm;onf/ xdk

vdIif;wHydk;rsm;Mum;wGif wcsdKUum; vef;qef;vSypGm yGifhvsuf wcsdKUum;

a<uvGifhvsuf/

olonf 0w¬Ka&; q&mrwpfOD; jzpfaomfvnf; olY,HkMunfrIESifhol

vrf;avQmufoljzpfonf/ wm0efododjzifh pma&;olwpfOD;vnf; jzpfonf/

ol\ 0w¬Krsm;rSm a&mif;taumif;qHk;? vlBudKuftrsm;qHk;[laom pm&if;wGif

ryg0if/ olYb0 ywf0ef;usifrS ½dkufcwfvmaom a0'emESifh cHpm;csufrsm;udk

pl;pl;epfepf azmfxkwfwifjyaom vlYb0 yef;csDum;rsm; jzpfaewwfonf/

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pma&;q&mrsdK; olrjzpfcsif/ ]]pmzwfoludk tav;xm;aom? pmzwfol


uvnf; av;pm;aom pma&;q&mrsdK;om oljzpfcsifonf}} þtcsufudk

olpmaya[majymcsuf wpfckxJwGif &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; zGifh[xm;onf/

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a&;&wmayghwJh? 'g[m pmzwfoludk apmfum;wmygyJ? pmzwfoludk

ckwHk;vkyfwmygyJ}

uJ...olb,favmuf wm0efausovJ...

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vdkufonf/ &efukefNrdKUESifh teD;rS 0ef;usiftzHkzHk? vlwef;pm; tpHkpHkwdkY\

b0udk rSefuluGufozG,f a&;jc,fxm;onf/ a'gyHkNrdKUe,f\ tedrfhqHk;aom

tvTmrS 0if'grD,mtxd vlwef;pm;aygif;pHk vkyfief;aygif;pHk? p½dkufaygif;pHk

wdkYudk olYynmjzifha&marTum ol jzwfoef;ae&aom ordkif;acwf\

yHk&dyfwdkYudk tvSyqHk;ESifh todrfarGUqHk; a&;zGJUoGm;onf/

pma&;ouf av;ESpfrQtMumwGifyif olYvuf&monf tHhMo&

avmufatmif wdk;wufvmonf/ vlYb0ESifh vlYp½dkufwdkYudk axmifhaygif;pHkrS

Munfhwwfvmonf/ b0\ toGifuGJ trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; vwfqwfaom

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qHk;aom ESpf[k ajymvQifrSm;rnfrxif/ xdkwpfESpfwnf;wGif olonf vHk;csif;

av;tkyfwdwd a&;om;xkwfa0EdkifcJhonf/

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ESifh ]a&Twd*HkudkjrifvQif} wdkYjzpfonf/ xdktxJwGif ]rSwpfyg;tjcm;r&SdNyD}

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jyefqdkjcif;cH&aom 0w¬Kvnf;jzpfonf/


aemifESpf 1979 ckESpfwGifum;? olvufyef;usoGm;onfxifh/

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av;rSm pmtkyftaejzifh yg;vSyfvSyfav;rQomjzpfovdk? Zmwfvrf;aMum½dk;

taeESifhvnf; bmrS BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom taMumif;t&m r[kwfaomf

vnf; ]olY0w¬KxJwGif tm;taumif;qHk; vlYp½dkufzGJU 0w¬K[k qdkcsifygonf}}

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'ku©dwrav; Nidrf;\ cHpm;csuf? a0'emwdkYudk a&;zGJUoGm;onfrSm MuufoD;

arG;nif;xavmufonfh tEkynmvuf&m[kyif ajymcsifygonf/

1980 ckESpfwGifrl r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif yg&SdcJhNyD;aom ol\ 0w¬K&Snfrsm;

udk pkaygif;í rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) \ ]r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;} [k xkwfa0&m

xdkESpftwGuf trsdK;om;pmayqkudk xyfrH&&SdcJhjyefygonf/

1981 ckESpfwGifrl olonf ]a<urvdkeJUa0? a0rvdkeJYa<u} ESifh

]nDrav;u tcspfudk udk;uG,fowJhvm;} 0w¬KwdkYudk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonf/

ESpftkyfvHk;rSm tcspfa&;ESifh ywfoufí trsdK;orD;wdkY\ b0? cHpm;csuf?

tcGifhta&; wdkYtay:xm;onfh ol\ apwemudk azmfusL;aom pmtkyfrsm;

jzpfMuygonf/

txl;ojzifh ]nDrav;u tcspfudk udk;uG,fowJhvm;} rSm

nDrav;t&G,f rdef;rysdKav;wdkYtwGuf b0 oifcef;pm,lp&m Zmwfvrf;

wpfyk'f jzpfovdk rSefuefaom apwemtavsmufvnf; atmifjrif&cJh

jyefygonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif 1983 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf xyfrH

½dkufESdyfxkwfa0cJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/

1982 ckESpfwGifrl olonf tqifuGJ 0w¬KoHk;tkyfudk qufwdkuf

a&;xkwfvkdufavonf/ ]rok"r®pm&D} ]a0'em MumeDyGifh} ESifh ]oHk;vGef;wifrS

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avmuwGif &Sm;yg;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpfonfh oDv&ifwdkY\ b0udk

azmfusL;aom 0w¬Kjzpfonf/

udk,fwdkif oDv&if0wfí &&Sdonfh tawGUtBuHK cHpm;csufwdkYrS

a&;aom0w¬Kjzpf&m o½kyfyDvGef;? pdkif;eif;vGef;ojzifh q&mOD;okcwdkYvdk

pma&;q&mBuD;uyif csD;usL;&aom 0w¬Kjzpfygonf/ ]a0'emMumeDyGifh} rSmrl


vli,fav;rsm;\ b0ESifh tcspfvGef;xdk;&uf,SufrIudk zGJUonfh0w¬KjzpfNyD;?

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wpfyk'f jzpfygonf/ pifppf jrefrmpmaywGif v,form;0w¬KrSm &Sm;yg;vS

ayonf/

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wGif v,form;0w¬KrSm q&marmifxif\ ]ib}? rif;atmif\ ]rdk;atmuf

ajrjyif} ESifh q&modef;azjrifh\ ]vrf;pay:NyD} wdkY avmufom&Sdonf/

vufcsdK;a&í&onf/ aemufydkif;wGifrl wifhqef;\ ]tiwfrcH} wdkY qifjzLuRef;

atmifodef;\ ]v,form;olykef} wdkYavmufom zwf&onf/

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ajrudkatmifEdkifjcif;}/ xm;ygawmhav? aocsma&MunfhrnfqdkvQifyif

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ordkif;acwfwpfck\ ta&;BuD;aom u@udk pma&;q&mu

rarhravsmh wm0efausyGefpGmjzifh rSwfwrf;wifcJhjcif;yif r[kwfygvm;/

xdkESpfwGifyif ol\ yxrqHk;aom ]0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf pmtkyf}

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BuD;rm;aom wm0efudk owdjyK tav;xm;rdonfxifh/

pma&;om;jcif;ESifhqdkifaom cdkifrmonfh ol\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk

&J&J0Hh0Hh xkwfazmfvmonfudk awGU&ygonf/

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pma&;jcif;ESifh t&Snfojzifh &yfwnfawmhr,fvdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufwJh

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t"dyÜm,frsm; &SdygovJ...

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vmrdw,f/

pmudk qufa&;&r,f/

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xdkESpfwGif ]0w¬K&Snfrsm; (2)} udk xkwfa0cJhNyD; aemifESpf 1986

ckESpfwGifrl ]0w¬Kwdkrsm; (2)} xGufvmNyD; pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf trsdK;om;

pmayqkudk xyfrH&&Sdjyefygonf/


(3)

olonf olYb0wpfavQmufvH k; odu©m&S daompmrsm;ud k a&;cJ h NyD;?

odu©m&Sd&Sdjzifhyif trsdK;om;pmayqkudk av;Budrfwdkifwdkif xdkufxdkufwefwef

&&SdolwpfOD;wnf;aom pma&;q&m jzpfayonf/ xdkYjyif jrefrm0w¬Krsm;udk

urÇmhpmay t0ef;t0dkif;xJodkY ajccsrd&ef olY0w¬Krsm;u pGrf;aqmifcJhNyDyJ/

w½kwf? qdkAD,uf? *syefponfh EdkifiHtoD;oD;ü ol\ 0w¬Krsm; bmomjyefNyD;

jzpf&m tm&Se,fedrdwfwGif awmufypGm xGef;ajymifcJhayNyD/

xdkrQomru tm&S tmz&du pma&;q&mrsm;toif;rS xkwfa0

aom ]Mumyef;r*¾Zif;} (Lotus)trSwf (60) (1988) wGif ol\ 0w¬Kwdk

wpfyk'fudk ]The price of peace in the family} [laom trnfjzifh jyefqdk

xm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/

olonf ½dk;½dk;ukwfukwfjzifh aexdkif&if; apwemygaom pmzwfol

ay: wm0efausaom pmayrsm;udk a&;om;&if; ½kwfw&uf vlYavmurS

xGufcGmoGm;NyD jzpfaomfvnf; olYpmrsm;um; pmzwfoljynfolwdkY\ ESvHk;om;

wGif xm0&&Sifoefwnf&Sdaernfum; trSefyifwnf;/

pdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwfpdk;jrifhvwf


rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)\ wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rrsm;taMumif;

jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef;jrifhoef;

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snfrsm; a&;om;cJhNyD; vlYtzGJUtpnf;

ESifh ynm&yfqdkif&m taqmufttHkrsm;uyg todtrSwfjyKcHcJh&ol

jzpfonfomru ol\ ta&;tom; tawmfrsm;rsm;udk bmomjcm;

pm^pum;rsm;tm;jzifh jyefvnfazmfxkwf wifjyjcif;cH&onf/ pma&;om;

jcif;jzifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) &&SdcJhaom atmifjrifrIESifh todtrSwfjyK cH&rI

twGuf oHo,jzpf&ef jyufodumrQaom taMumif;r&Sd/ wpfenf;qdk&

aomf pma&;om;jcif;jzifh rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) u azmfxkwfwifjycJhonfrsm;rSm

pmayt&mrajrmuf[k qdk&efr&Sd/ odkYjzpf&um; rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ tm;xkwf

rIrsm;udk avhvmMunfhoifhonf/

þwGif 1980 jynfhESpfESifh 1997 ckESpfwdkYwGif jyefvnf yHkESdyf xkwfa0cJh

aom rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; 1 udk tajcwnfí ta&;

tom;tcsKdUudk avhvmMunfhygrnf/ xdkpmtkyfrSm 1980 jynfhESpfwGif

trsKd;om;pmayqk (0w¬Kwdk)qkvnf; &cJhaom? [l\/ þwGif axGjym;Edkif

aom tcsufwpfckudk a&S;OD;pGm aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/ pmtkyf\trnfwGif

,wdjywf ]0w¬K&Snf} [k azmfxkwfwifjyxm;jcif;ESifh ]0w¬Kwdkqk &&Sdjcif;}

wdkY\ tMum;rS axGjym;aeaom owfrSwfcsufjzpfonf/ uRefawmfhtjrif

oufouft&aomf ]0w¬Kwdk} [laom owfrSwfcsufudk trSef,lygonf/

0w¬K&Snf[k qdk&efrSm pmvHk;^pum;vHk;a& yrmPESifh pmvHk;^pum;vHk;\

twdkif;twm (tus,ft0ef;)rSm enf;vSygonf/ xdkYjyifru 0w¬K&Snf[k

owfrSwf&ef oD;jcm;txl;jyKazmfxkwfxm;rIrsm;ryg/ qifhyGm;azmfxkwfaom

taMumif;rsm; (qifhyGm;Zmwfvrf;rsm;) ryg/ Context [laom pum;vHk;

udk oHk;pGJíqdk&aomf Context is what the message is [líom

qdk&ygrnf/ rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; 1 wGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u


oljyqdkvdkaom taMumif;wpfpHkwpf&mudk ta&;tom; wpfckvHk; (0w¬K

wpfyk'fpDtwGif;ü) twGif;ü a&;om; azmfjycJhonfrSm rSefaomfvnf; qifhuJ

jzpfay:aom taMumif;(rsm;)udk xnfhoGif;rxm;cJh/ odkYtwGuf rdk;rdk;

(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif; 0w¬K&Snfrsm; 1 wGif ]0w¬K&Snf} [k rsKd;wllpkjyKxm;onf

rSefaomfvnf; xdk0w¬K&Snf[k rsKd;wlpkudk xyfrHuefYowfxm;vdkufaom

]r*¾Zif;} [laom pmvHk;^pum;vHk;udkyg owdjyKoifhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif

xkwfa0aeMuaom r*¾Zif;wdkY\ owfrSwfcsuf(pH)t& ]0w¬K&Snf} [k rsKd;wl

pkjyKxm;jcif;om jzpfzG,f&Sdonf[kom qdk&ayrnf/ pmayta&;tom;t&

0w¬Kwdk[k a,bk,sowfrSwfEdkifaom *kPf&nfwpfpHkwpf&mjzifh wdkif;wm

xm;jcif; r[kwf[k qdk&rnf xifonf/

rnfodkYyifjzpfap þta&;tom;awGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ 0w¬Kwdk

ta&;tom;tjzpfom avhvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf; &|d trnf owfrSwf

csufESifhywfoufí t"duxm; aqG;aEG;rnfr[kwfyg/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\

0g,r pdkufxkwfxm;aom ta&;tom;tay:wGif tav;ay; avhvm

rnfjzpfygonf/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm; 1 yg ta&;tom;

wcsKdUudk avhvm Munfhygrnf/

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

]va&mifvTrf;vnf;urf;ESifha0;cJh} udkzwf&if;? 'g pma&;wwfvdkY a&;wJh pmyJ[k

uRefawmfhbmom rSwfcsufcsrdygonf/ þodkYjrifrdonfrSm taMumif;

&Sdygonf/ pma&;jcif;udk vlwdkif;a&;Edkifaomfvnf; pmay ajrmufatmif

odkYr[kwf pmayta&;tom;wpfck[k owfrSwfcH&Edkifaom ta&;tom;

wpfckjzpf&efrSm vlwdkif;a&;Edkifonf r[kwfyg/ pma&;wwf? pmzwfwwfwdkif;

pmta&;tom;wpfck jzpfrvmyg/ wdwdususqdk&aomf ]pmayt&m

ajrmufjcif;} onf pmta&;tom;rsm;twGif;rS oD;jcm; ay:xGufvmaom

taMumif;wpfckomjzpfonf[k qdk&ygrnf/ t&yf pum;jzifhqdk&aomf

vufrSwfxdk;wwfjcif;onf pmay wnfaqmufrIwpfck r[kwfEdkifyg/

þwGif &yf&Sifpepf (yHkpH) t"duxm;aom pmayynm&Sif (RussianFormalist) wdkYwifjycJhaom ]pmayt&m ajrmufjcif;} taMumif; pOf;i,frQ

wifjyvdkygonf/ pmayESifh pmayr[kwfonfrsm;tMum;rS t"duusaom


jcm;em;csufwpfckrSm ]pmayt&majrmufjcif;} om jzpfygonf/ tqdkyg

pmayynm&Sifrsm;teufrS ½dkrmef;,muGwfqif (Roman Jacobson)url ]pmayudk odyÜHynmwpf&yftaejzifh avhvmonf[kqdk&mwGif avhvm

onfhtaMumif;rSm pmayr[kwf/ pmayt&majrmufjcif; (pmaywpf&yf

jzpfjcif;) taMumif;om jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm rnfokdY pmayt&majrmuf

aMumif; avhvmjcif;jzpfonf} [k qdkonf/ odkYjzpfí (pepf)yHkpH t"du

xm;aom ynm&Sifrsm; taejzifh rnfonfudk a&;om;wifjyxm;jcif;xuf?

rnfokdYa&;om;wifjyxm;jcif;udk ydkípdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ ta&;tom;

wpfckwGif pmay[k ac:qdkavmufonfh odkYr[kwf pmaywpf&yfjzpfajrmuf

avmufonfh p½dkufvu©PmwdkYudk pdppfavhvmMuonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh

pmay\ bmompum;ESifh pmayr[kwfaom aeYpOfoHk; bmom pum;wdkY\

tMum;rS rwlnDrIrsm;udk avhvmpdppfMuonf/ &yf&Sifpepf(yHkpH)t"duxm;

avhvmolrsm;tMum;ü ta&;ygaom toHk;tEIef;wpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;udk

jrefrmbmom pum;tm;jzifhaomf ]&if;ESD;rIr&Sdxm;jcif;} [Defamiliarisa-tion (ostranenie)] (pdrf;aeatmif jyKxm;jcif;/ qef;opfaeapjcif; [k

vnf; rSwf,lEdkifonf) [k qdkEdkifonf/

xd ktoH k;tEIef;ud k ynm&Sif Acfwm&ScavmhpuD; (VictorShklovsky) u wifjycJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1917 ckESpf wGif xkwfa0aom

ol\ta&;tom;wpfck ("Art as Device") wGif xdkoabmudk wifjycJh

jcif;jzpfonf/ olu t"duxm; wifjyxm;aom tcsufwpf&yfrSm vl\

jrifodrIudk tEkynmu zefwD;rIenf;ynmt& tjrifopfjzpfay: vmap

onfjzpf\/ zefwD;rIonf tpOftvmodjrifrI? jrif&mrS tvdktavsmuf

odvmrI oabmrsm;udk tav;ray;[k qdkcJhonf/ odkYjzpfí &SavmhpuD;\

tvdkt& tEkokckrynm&yftm;vHk;twGuf ta&;ygqHk;rSm wu,fwrf;

jzpf&Sdaeaom taMumif;t&m tjzpftysuf ponfrsm;udk yHkzsufjyvdkufjcif;

[Deformation (Distortation r[kwf)] omjzpfonf/ þae&mwGif

]yHkzsufonf} [k qdkojzifh teuf,l rvGJMuapcsifyg/ (Dismantle,distortion udk rqdkvdkyg/) olqdkvdkonfrSm tEkynmtm;jzifh zefwD; xkwf

vkyfxm;aom wpfpHkwpf&monf jrifodESifhNyD;om; wpfpHkwpf&m r[kwfawmh

jcif;jzpfonf/ topfwpfckuJhodkY jzpfNyD; opfqef;ae&rnf/ &if;ESD;aeNyD;om;

wpfpHkwpf&m r[kwf&awmhacs/ aeYpOfb0xJwGif aeYpOfawGY-jrif-od


&onfrsm;onf xdktwdkif;om&SdaeMuojzifh xkdxkdaom t&mrsm;onf

tEkynmypönf;rsm; r[kwfacs[k qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf/

]va&mifvTrf;vnf; urf;ESifha0;cJh} wGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u pmayt&m

0ifw,fqdkwm 'Dvdka&;&w,f[k ajymaeouhJodkYjzpfaMumif; uRefawmf

owdxm;rdvdkufonf/ taMumif;rSm Zmwfvrf; odkYr[kwf pm\ twGif;om;

(Content [k qdkvdkaomfqdkyg) rSm ajymyavmufatmif tiftm;&Sdonf

r[kwf/ aps;xJwGif? vufzuf&nfqdkifwGif? ,kwfpGtqHk; uaZmfqdkifwGifyif

Mum;&? od&Edkifaom taMumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ a&;csifvQif pmwpfaMumif;

ESpfaMumif;ESifh NyD;EdkifaomtaMumif;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ajymcsifvQif wpfrdepf

avmufjzifh NyD;atmifajymjyEdkifonf/ aMu;a&wwfrdom;pktxJrSm jzpfae

Mu taMumif;wpfck/ t"duZmwfaumif rif;rif;rSm vrf;vGJvdkufrdí

aemufqHk; aooGm;&onf[k a&;vdkuf(ajymvdkuf)vQif udpöNyD;avmufonf/

xdkodkYjzifh udpöNyD;Edkifonf rSefaomfvnf; pmay ta&;tom;wpfckum;

jzpfrvmEdkif/ aeYpOfb0xJwGif jrifodyHkrsKd;udk jyefvnfazmfxkwfjyjcif;jzifh

owif;wpfyk'f omjzpfvmrnf/ odkYjzpfí rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u &if;ESD;&if;pGJ&Sd

onfh taMumif;t&mwpfckudk &if;ESD;rIr&Sdxm;aom taMumif;rsm;ozG,f

wnfaqmufjyvdkufonf/ zefwD;rIonf tEkynmt&m ajrmufjcif;udk jzpf

aponfom jzpfaMumif;udk ol\ ta&;tom;jzifh jyqdkcJhonf/

]va&mifvTrf;vnf;urf;ESifha0;cJh} wGif pmaya&;om;jcif; twwfynm

twGif;rS ta&;ygaom? ajymjyraeeJY/ jy½Hkomjyvdkuf (Show; don'ttell) qdkonfudk tjynfht0 toHk;csoGm;cJhonf/ rif;rif; b0ysufoGm;&

jcif;udk pmzwfolwdkYu odcJh&onfrSefaomfvnf; bmaMumifhqdkonfudk

pma&;olu rajymjycJh/ þonfudk ol\uRrf;usifESH Ypyfaomynm&yf

(odrItajccHuRrf;usifrI)wpfck[k rqdkí rjzpf/ odkYjzpfí rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\

ta&;tom; odkYr[kwf pmvHk;pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh jyefvnfwifjyxm;jcif;

rsm;rSm wifjy½Hkoufoufr[kwfawmh/ ynm&yf (þwGif ta&;tom;)

wpfckjzifh pmayt&majrmufap&ef wnf aqmufxm;rIjzpfoGm;awmhonf/

ta&;tom; oufouf taejzifh wpfckrSwpfckodkY arsmygoGm;aom odkYr

[kwf vGifhxGufoGm;aom a&m[efjzifh a&;om;xm;aom 0w¬Kwpfyk'frSm

]tudkif;tcufwdkYonfvnf; twdkt&Snf&SdMuukef\} jzpfonf/


rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ ta&;tom;ESifhywfoufíaomf? oabmayguf

avmufNyD[k ,lqí rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) wnfaqmufjyxm;cJhaom taMumif;

t&mrsm;ESifh ESD;ET,faeaom tydkif;udk qufvufaqG;aEG;ygrnf (ta&;

tom;udk vdktyfonfhae&mrsm;wGif aqG;aEG;ygrnf)/

(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)

]tcspfonf b0\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck} onf rdef;r wpfa,muf\ odrIwGif

tajccHxm;aom ]cspfjcif;}\ teuft"dyÜm,fjzpfonf/ tvm;wl

oabmaqmifaom ta&;tom; av;-ig;yk'fygonf/ ]tcspfonf b0\

tpdwftydkif;wpfck} ESifh eD;eD;pyfpyfwlonfrSm ]av;zuf eH&H}jzpfonf/ vHk;0

rwlaom taetxm;wpfckrSm ]av;zufeH&H} \ ed*Hk;jzpfonf/ rdk;rdk;

(tif;vsm;)u ]tcspf onfb0\tpdwftydkif;wpfck}wGif ray;cJhaomtajz

odkYr[kwf ajzrcscJhaom Zmwfvrf;udk ]av;bufeH&H}wGif azmfxkwfjyvdkuf

onf/ t"du wlnDaeaomtcsufrSm rdef;rwpfa,muftjzpf wnfaqmuf

xm;jcif; cH&aom taetxm;rS a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

þae&mwGif pma&;q&mESifh ola&;om;wifjyaom taetxm; ESpfck

pvHk;udk Munfh&efvdktyfaeonf/ rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)rSm rdef;rpma&;q&m

jzpfonf/ ]tcspfonf b0\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck} ESifh ]av;bufeH&H} wdkYrS

t"du Zmwfaumifrsm;onf rdef;rrsm;yifjzpfMuonf/ t"du taMumif;

&if;rSm rdef;rwpfa,muf\ ]cspfjcif;} tay: vufcHem;vnfxm;aom

tjrifESifh xdktjrif\ ajymif;vJoGm;(Edkif)jcif; taMumif;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpf

&um; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;Munfh&rnfh tcsufwpfckrSm rdef;rwpfa,muf\

tjrif vufcHxm;&SdrI ponfh wpfpHkwpf&mudk azmfxkwf&ef pma&;q&mu

rdef;rpma&;q&mtjzpf a&;cJhygovm;[laom tcsufwpf&yfjzpfaeonf/

þtcsufESifhpyfvsOf;í txdkuftavsmuf &Sif;jyyg&ap/

,cifu uRefawmf a&;om;cJhaom ta&;tom;tcsKdUwGif ]vl-txD;}?

]vl-tr} ponfjzifh oHk;pGJcJhzl;ygonf/ xdkodkY oHk;pGJ&mwGif jrefrmbmompum;

ESifh pm t&mwGif uRrf;usifESHYpyfMuaom bkef;BuD;? vljyefawmf? t&yfom;

ynm&SiftcsKdUESifh aqG;aEG;cJhzl;ygonf/ xdkYaemufwGifrS uRefawmfudk,fwdkif

vnf; oabmwlojzifh ]vl-txD;} [k oHk;pGJjcif;omjzpfygonf/ xdktoHk;


tEIef;rSm aus;vuftajccH jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIabmiftwGif;rS toHk;tpGJ

jzpfygonf/ Oyrmqdk&aomf aus;vufrsm;wGif wpfOD;wpfavmufu rD;wGif;

0ifíuav;arG;aomf ]bmav; arG;owkef;} [k ar;Muonfhtcg ]txD;av;

[Jh} ]trav;[Jh} [k ajzwwfMuygonf/ arG;zGm;vmaom ]vl}\ jzpfjcif;rSm

txD;-tr [laom bmompum; toHk;tEIef;jzifhom qHk;jzwfMuygonf/

NrdKUjyrsm;wGifaomf ]bmav;arG;owkef;} [k ar;aomf ]a,musfm;uav;[Jh?

rdef;uav;[Jh} [k ajzwwfMuonf/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; ydkrdk ,Ofaus;

onf[laom rSef;q,HkMunfcsufjzifh oHk;pGJxm;aom toHk;tEIef;rQom

jzpfonf/ ]a,musfm;uav;} jzpfonf[k qdkjcif;rSm ]txD;uav;} yJ

[laomobmESifh xyfwljyKí ajymqdkMujcif;jzpfonf/

odkY&mwGif bmompum;\ teufazmfxkwfrIudk ydkrdk wif;usyfpGm

vufcHíoHk;pGJaomf ]vl-txD;jzpfjcif;}ESifh ]a,musfm;jzpfjcif;} wdkYrSm xyfwl

oabmraqmifyg/ ]vl-txD;} rSm obm0\ jzpfay:rItwGif;rS vdifuGJjym;

rI udk tajccHum ay:aygufaejcif;jzpfNyD; ]a,musfm;} jzpfjcif;rSm vlYtzGJU

tpnf;wpfck\ ,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmESifh ,Ofaus;rI tajccH taetxm;

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trjzpfjcif;onf rnfokdYrQ rwlnDEdkifaom taetxm; wpfckjzpfNyD; xdk

rwlnDjcif;onf ]vl}tjzpf jzihf &Sdaejcif;twGif;rS 'GefwGJaeaom rwlnDrI

wpfckomjzpfygonf/ xdkrwlnDrI\ &Sdaejcif;udk rnfolurQ rjiif;Edkifyg/

]a,musfm;} ]rdef;r} [k ac:qdkowfrSwfcsufrSmrl obm0\tjzpfysuf (odkYr

[kwf? wdkufqdkifrIaMumifh ay:aygufcJhjcif;wpfpHkwpf&m) r[kwfrlí vufcHí

jiif;qdkjcif;ESifh jiif;qdkí vufcHjcif; jyKEdkifaom taetxm;&Sdygonf/

t&yfpum;jzifhqdkaomf orkwdoabmaqmifaom ynwfrsm;om jzpf

ygonf/ vl jzpfae&jcif;twGif;ü a,musfm;-rdef;r ponfjzif h

ynwfxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ xd k ynwfcsufrsm;r Sm ,wdjywf

owfrSwfajymqdkí r&ojzifh orkwd oabmoufoufomjzpfygonf/

qdkvdk onfrSm a,musfm;-rdef;rrSm vlYtzGJUtpnf; rwlnDrItwGif;

uGJjym;aeaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ rdef;r (rdef;uav;) qdk Adkif;aumif;?

ausmufz d xm;&w,f/ r de f ;r (r de f ;uav;) qd kwm

qifr,OfomavQmuf&w,f[k qdkaom t,ltqudk vufcHxm; aom


,Ofaus;rI (umv-a'oESifh qufpyfaeaom vlYtzGJUtpnf;) twGif;rS

]rdef;r} owfrSwfac:qdkxm;aom ]vl-tr} ESifh rdef;rqdkwm a,musfm;vdkyJ/

a,mus fm ;av;vky forQ vky fE d ki fw,f[k vufc Hxm;aom

,Ofaus;rItwGif;rS ]vl-tr}wdkYrSm rwlMuyg/ xkdodkY rwl&onfrSm ,Ofaus;

rItajccH tqHk;tjzwfaMumifhomjzpfygonf/ xdktcsufrSm todtrSwfjyK

xm;&onfh tcsufvnf; jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfí ]rdef;r} [k owfrSwfñTef;qdk

cH&jcif;rSeforQrSm ,Ofaus;rI? bmompum;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ vlrI

qufqHa&;yHkpHwdkYu wnfaqmufxm;aom xkwfukefwpf&yfom jzpfygonf

(Gender is a construct, a product of language, culture, andits institutions oabmjzpfygonf)/

þrQqdkaomf oabmaygufMuvdrfhrnf[k ,lqí rlvOD;wnfcsufodkY

jyefoGm;yg&ap/

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)udk rdef;rpma&;q&m[k ac:qdk owfrSwfa&;om;

&mwGif vl+tr+pma&;q&m[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ rdef;r+pma&;q&m

oabmudkom qdkvdkygonf (tu,fí vl+tr+pma&;q&mudk &nfñTef;

vdk onf&Sdaomf pma&;q&mrudk qdkygrnf/ pma&;q&mr=pma&;q&m+tr

oabmjzpfygonf)/ wpfenf;qdk&jyefaomf rdef;rjzpfcJhNyD;jzpfaom vlwpfOD;

wpfa,mufu pma&;q&mjzpfaeonf[k ,wdjywf tcdkiftrmajymqdkjcif;

odkYr[kwf ñTefjycH&Edkifoljzpfonf/ pma&;q&mr qdkonfrSm txD;? tr

jzpfaejcif;u t"dur[kwfbJ rdef;rwpfOD;tjzpf a&;aeolomjzpfonf/

qdkvdkonfrSm pma&;om;wifjyolrSm vl+tr tjzpf a&;om;aeaom

a,musfm;aomfvnf;aumif;? rdef;r&Smaomfvnf;aumif; trsKd;rsKd;jzpfEdkif

onf/ a&S;u&SdcJhaom? pma&;q&mr trnfcHxm;aom a,musfm;pma&;

q&mBuD;rsm;udk jyefvnf owdxm;Munfhaomf qdkvdk&if;udk oabmayguf

Murnf xifonf/ þodkYqdk&onfrSm taMumif;&Sdygonf/ rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)

onf uefYowfxm;aom vlYtzGJUtpnf;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIrsm;twGif; rdef;rwdkY

\taetxm;udk rnfodkY jrifcJhonf/ azmfxkwfwifjyjcif;ESifh jyefvnf

wifjyjcif;rsm;udk rnfokdYjyKcJhonfudk avhvmMunfhEdkif&efjzpfonf/


(3)(3)(3)(3)(3)

]tcspfonfb0\tpdwftydkif;wpfck} ESifh ]av;bufeH&H} twGif;rS

t"duZmwfaumifjzpfaom rdef;rESpfOD;wdkYrSm rdrdüomwnfaom yk*¾vdu

cHpm;rI tajccH cspfjcif;udk rdrdwdk YrStyjzpfaom ya,m* (wpfpk H

wpf&m)aMumifh xdef;csKyfMu&if; NydKysufEdkiforQ NydKysufoGm;ap&ef NzdKzsuf

cJh&olrsm;jzpfonf/ vlrIqufqHa&;b0twGif;rS ½kyfydkif;tajccH cspfjcif;udk

wwfrufrIuif;yaom b0\ jzpfysufwpfcktjzpf ajymif;vJypfEdkifonfum;

rSef\/ odkY&mwGif tpGJjzpfaeaom odrItajccH cspfjcif;onf yjcKyftwGif;rS

a>ruJhodkY tjyifrS Munfh½Hkjzifh txJwGif yg;jyif;xEdkifaom a>rwpfaumif

&Sdaeao;aMumif;udk rajymEdkif/ yjcKyf\ twGif;ü touf&Sdaeao;onf/

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u ]tcspfonfb0\tpdwftydkif; wpfck} wGif tpOf

tvmqdk½dk;pum;wpfcGef;udk azmfxkwfjy&if; vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;rS rdef;r

(rdef;uav;)wpfa,muf\ ae&mudkjyvdkufonf/ ]udk,fcspfudkr&SmeJY? olcspf

udk&Sm&w,forD;&,f...} (pm?34)[k tarjzpfolu orD;jzpfoludk

qHk;rvdkufaompum;udk azmfjyvdkufNyD; wpfqufwnf;rSmyif bmom

pum;\abmiftwGif;rS teufvGJt"dyÜm,foufa&mufudkjzpfapom

(Irony [k ac:vdk aomfac:yg) pum;qdkapcJhonf/ ¤if;rSm ]bmyJjzpfjzpf?

orD;pdwfwdkif;us qHk;jzwfyg/ tar tusyfrudkifcsifygbl;} (,if;/)[lí

jzpfonf/ xd k Yaemuf Zmwfvrf;\ wpfae&mwGif ]ud k,fcsp fud k

r&SmeJY....}[laomtcsufudkyif tajccHNyD; tarjzpfoluyif orD;jzpfol

udk þodkY ajymjyefonf/ ]olcspfudk&Sm&owJhorD;&,f/ rwifjr[m...

rdbay;pm;wmr,lbJ olcspf,lwm/ udkatmifoef;wdkY ESdyfpufyHkrsm; oufqdk;

r&SnfvdkYom awmfawmhw,f...} (pm? 41) ponfjzifh? ]udk,fcspf} &Smrd

onfhtwGuf aemufqufwGJ qdk;usKd;rsm;taMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ þodkYjzifh

]tcspfonfb0\tpdwftydkif;wpfck} twGif;rS t"du Zmwfaumif a0onf

tarjzpfol\ qEüwnfaom tqHk;tjzwft& cspfjcif;udk yk*¾vdu cHpm;rI

tajccHwpfcktjzpfrS vlrIqufqHa&;b0twGif;rS odrIwpfcktjzpf ajymif;vJ

vdkufcJh&onf/


]tcspfonf b0\tpdwftydkif;wpfck} wGif rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)u vlYtzGJU

tpnf;twGif;rS tpOftvm ,Ofaus;rI ponfwdkYjzifhwnfaqmufxm;

aom rdef;r\ taetxm;udk jyvdkufonf/ a,bk,susaom ]vl} [lí

jzpf-&Sd ae&jcif;twGif;rS oD;jcm;oabmudk aqmifoGm;aom ]vl-tr} (ydk

rdk usOf;ajrmif;oGm;aom vl\taetxm;wpfck)taMumif;udk wifjycJhonf

r[kwf/ tpOftvm? ,Ofaus;rI ponfwdkYjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom

rdef;rwpfa,muf\ taetxm;udk jrifapcsifonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif

wnfaqmufxm;jcif;cH&aom rdef;rwpfOD;ESifh rdef;rpma&;q&m wpfa,muf

\ae&mrS obm0 tajccHjzpfay:rI (Biologically designated [k

ac:vdkaomf ac:yg) t& jzpf-&Sd aeaom ]vl-tr} tay: xm;&Sdaom

oabmxm;udk azmfjycJhonf/ ]uRefronf rdef;rjzpf &onfhb0udk yxrqHk;

tBudrf pdwfemrdygonf} (pm?42)/ ]tcspfonfb0\tpdwftydkif;wpfck}

udk ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufaomtcg rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u vlrIqufqHa&;b0twGif;

rS udk,fum,jcif; ESD;aESmrIudk tajccHaom &if;ESD;rIonf vl-vlcsif;

wG,fwmrIwpf&yf jzpfvmap(Edkif)onfudk azmfxkwfjycJhonf/ odkYaomf

cspfjcif;\ taetxm;ajymif;vJrItydkif;wGif atmifjrifonf? ratmifjrif

qdkonfudk rajymcJh/ rjycJh/

]av;bufeH&H} wGifaomf tpOftvmESifh ,Ofaus;rI wdkYt& wnf

aqmufxm;aom ]rdef;r}\ cspfjcif;ESifh tcspfcH&jcif; taetxm; ESpfckpvHk;

twGif;üyif olonf wnfaqmufcHxm;&olomjzpfaMumif; ydkí ay:vGif

apcJhonf/ ol\yk*¾vdub0? jzpf-&Sd ae&jcif;rSm tjcm;ol (odkYr[kwf?

ya,m* wpfpHkwpf&m) \ wnfaqmufay;xm;rIomjzpfonfudk jycJhonf/

cifouf cspfaom udkudku olcspfaom cifoufudk olvdkcsifovdk (yHkoGif;)

wnfaqmufay;cJh&ifjzifh Zmwfvrf;qHk;oGm;onf/ cspfwwfolESifh tcspfcH&ol

cifouf\ b0taetxm;ESpfckpvHk;rSm bmrS rxl;jcm;/ taMumif;rSm

taetxm;ESpfckpvHk;ü cifoufonf vlYtzGJUtpnf; tpOftvm? bmom

pum; tp&SdonfwdkYtm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rwpfa,mufom

jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí xdkodkY wnfaqmufxm; jcif;cHae&aom rdef;rwpfa,muf

twGif;rS? obm0w&m;twGif;rS uGJjym;pGmwnf&Sdaeaom rdef;r (þwGif

]vl-tr} udk qdkvdkonf/) tay: jyefvnfoHk;oyfMunfhrdonf/ ]rdef;r

wpfa,muf[m b0tusOf;axmifxJrSm olY&JUcEmudk,fudkomru pdwfudkyg


csKyfaESmifwm;qD;xm;&r,fwJhvm;.../ pdwf&JUvGwfvyfcGifhav;udkawmif

xGufaygufay;cGifhr&Sdbl;wJhvm;} (pm?181) ponfjzifh ar;cGef;rsm; xkwfcJh

onf/

]av;bufeH&H} ed*Hk;wGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u tpOftvm? ,Ofaus;rI

ponfwdkYtm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom rdef;rudk rdef;rpma&;q&m

\wpfa,mufae&mrSm todtrSwfjyK&if; oa&mfjycJhonf/ tcsuftvuf

tm;jzifhom aumif;onfr[kwfawmh/ a&SUwGif wifjycJhaom ]ta&;tom;}

tydkif;udkyif jyefí axmufjy&awmhrnf/ ]udk,fha,musfm;udk udk,fcspfvdkY

,lvmwm ckvnf; odyfcspfw,fa[h? odyfcspfw,f}[kajymzdkY 0efrav;awmh

ygNyDwnf;/} [laom pmaMumif;udk aocsmpGm zwfMunfhaomf a':cifcif

ouf\pum;onf pmzwfoltm; qefYusifbufteuf oufa&mufapvdkrI

rsm; rnfa&GUrnfrQ yg0ifaeaMumif; awGU&ayrnf/ wnfhwnfha&;NyD;

qefYusifbuf teufudk jrifapcsifjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkta&;tom;rsKd;onf

yif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ ta&;tom;rsm;wGif awGU&wwfaom a&;om;wwf

jcif; odkYr[kwf ½dk;½dk;ta&;tom;wpfckrS pmayjzpfatmif a&;Edkifjcif; ynm

wpf&yf[k rjrifírjzpfEdkif/ xdktm;xkwfrIrsKd;udk todtrSwfjyK&rnfom

jzpfonf/

(4)(4)(4)(4)(4)

]tjyefwpf&mrdkufOD;rSm}? ]tcspfyGifhOD;} ESifh ]jynfAm&mrStpjyKí} 0w¬K

wdkrsm;onf rsKd;wlpk wpfckwnf;twGif;rS vlom;wdkY\ cspfjcif;ESifh vlYtzGJU

tpnf;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI\ xkwfukefwpf&yfjzpfaom rdef;rwdkY\yHk½kyf azmfcJhjyef

onf/ ]tcspfyGifhOD;} rSmrl rsKd;qufESpfcktMum;rS tjrifjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif

yxrrsKd;qufudkOD;wnfí aemufrsKd;qufwpfcku jyefvnfpdppfMunfhvdkuf

jcif;jzpfonf/

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)\ ta&;tom;rsm;twGif; rdrd\ yk*¾vducspfjcif;udk

rdrdbmom csKd;ESdrfypf&jcif;twGuf ya,m*wpfckck&Sdaeonfcsnf;jzpfonf/

wpfqifhwufíqdk&aomf rdrd\cspfjcif;udk rdrdrSty jzpfaomtaMumif;

wpfaMumif;aMumif;aMumifh taetxm;ajymif;vdkuf&olrsm;rSm rdef;rrsm;

omjzpfMuonf/ qdkcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif; ,Ofaus;rIESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;\


azmfxkwfay;vdkufaom yHk½kyfwGif rdef;rwdkYonf ]rdef;rqdk? 'Dvdkjzpf&r,f}

[laom yHkpHatmufodkY a&muf&Sdaeum cspfjcif;ESifhywfoufí uefYowf

ay;xm;aom twdkif;twmxuf rvGefEdkifMu/ odkY &mwGif ]tcspfyGifhOD;}ürl

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u rdef;rwpfa,mufwGif uefYowfcH&aom taetxm;

wpfpHkwpf&monf rdrdrStyjzpfaom ya,m* wpfpHkwpf&maMumifh r[kwfbJ

rdrd\ tqHk;tjzwfaMumifhjzpfcJhaomf...[laom tcsufjyóemudk wifjy

vmcJhonf/ xdktcsufrSm tvGefpdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom tcsuf

jzpfonf/ a0a0EG,f\ tar (a':) cufcufEG,fonf rdrdtqHk;tjzwfjzifh

rdrd\ cspfjcif;udk xdef;uGyfí tpG,fcsKd;um okwfoifEdkif&ef tm;xkwfcJhol

jzpfonf/

odkYaomf þta&;tom;rSm cspfjcif;twGuf pGefYvTwfonf[laom

t,ltqudk axmufcHxm;aom ta&;tom;wpf&yfr[kwf/ (a':)cuf

cufEG,fonf ol\ atmifjrifrItwGuf &nf&G,fí ol\cspfjcif;udk tvTJ

tajymif; vkyfvdkufjcif;omjzpfonf/ qm;ay;-qD,l oabmom jzpfonf/

atmifjrifrIESifh cspfjcif;wdkYonf ol\b0 (jzpf-&SdaerI)twGuf rnfonfu

ydkí ta&;ygonf/ rnfonfudk a&SUwef;wif&rnf ponfwdkYudk ol hbmom

a&G;cs,fqHk;jzwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (a':)cufcufEG,fbufrSMunfhaomf ol&,l

vdkaom atmifjrifrIudk &,lcJhojzifh ol\pGefYvTwf&jcif;rSm tjynfhr[kwf/

xuf0uf (ig;q,f&mcdkifEIef;)omjzpfonf/ pmzwfoltaejzifh qifjcif

Munfh&rnfh taetxm;wpfckrSm tu,fíESifh tu,fíomvQif (a':)

cufcufEG,ftaejzifh vHk;0 odkYr[kwf qdka,mifrQaom atmifjrifrI&cJhonf

&Sdaomf ol\ pGefYvTwfcJh&jcif;onf tcsnf;tESD;rQomjzpfrnf/ tcsnf;tESD;

jzpfcJhyg\avm qdkonfrSm qifjcifMunfh&rnfh taetxm;wpfckjzpfonf/

(a':)cufcufEG,fonf cspfjcif;tygt0ifjzpfaom ol\ b0ESifhqdkifaom

tqHk;tjzwfwdkYudk vGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,fcGifh &SdchJoljzpfonf/ vlrIqufqHa&;

b0? ,Ofaus;rI ponfwdkY\ uefYowfrIrsm; twGif;üyif vGwfvyfaom

a&G;cs,frI &cJholjzpfonf/ xdk &&SdcJhaom a&G;cs,fcGifhudk oHk;pGJí olYtwGuf

tusKd;&Sdrnfjzpfaom odkYr[kwf ydkrdkí wefzdk;xm;p&m[k olu jrif-od-

vufcHxm;aom ]atmifjrifrI}udkom a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ a&G;cs,fcJhonfhtwdkif;

vnf; atmifjrifcJhonf/ odkYtwGuf ol\a&G;cs,frIonf tcsnf;tESD;


r[kwf/ rSm;cJhonfr[kwf/ a&G;cs,f jcif;rS&&SdcJhaom tusKd;w&m;\ tusKd;

qufuom olYudk a0'em wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfapcJhonf/

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)onf xdka0'emudk a&;om;í azmfjycJhonfr[kwf/

jy½HkomjycJhonf/ (a':)cufcufEG,f\ cHpm;aeonfhtydkif;udk olYorD;xH

rSom pmzwfolu odvdkuf&onf/ (a':)cufcufEG,fxHrS wdkuf½dkufod&

aom taMumif;wpfckr[kwf/ orD; a0a0EG,fu jyefvnfwifjyíomvQif

pmzwfolwdkYu od&onf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm yif orD;jzpfolu tarjzpfolESifh

tajccHtm;jzifh vHk;0rwlaom taetxm; ESpfck&Sdaeonf/ xdktaetxm;

wdkY rSm ]tcspfyGifhOD;} \ t"duusawmh tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)

u xdktcsufwdkYwGif tajcwnfíom Zmwfvrf;wpfckudk jzpfvmapchJojzifh

(þae&mwGifvnf; ol\ta&;tom;aumif;aMumif;? a&;wwfaMumif;

ay:vGifvmjyefonf/) ol a&;om;wifjycsifonfrSm]cspfjcif;}udk tajccH

aom jyóemtaMumif; rnfumrwå r[kwfawmh/ rdef;r[laom rsKd;wlpk

wpfckwnf;twGif;ü jzpf-&SdaeMuaomfvnf; yk*¾vdutajccH tjrifrwlnD

ol ESpfOD;teuf wpfOD;u tjcm;wpfOD;udkjrifaom tjrifjzpfonf/ ]uRefru

awmh tarhvdk tqdkawmfwpfa,muf b0rsKd;udk wpfcgrQ pGJvrf;cHkrifjcif;

rjzpfcJh/ tazhvdk ynmwwfwpfa,mufjzpfzdkYudkom tmoDo &Sdaeonf}

(pm? 186) [laom pmaMumif;jzifh rwlnDaom tajccHtjrifudk jycJhonf/

jrifaomolESifh tjrifcH&olwdkY\tMum;u umvw&m; rwlnDrIudk tajccH

aom rsKd;qufuGm[rI tjrifrSm ajymyavmufaom tcsufwpfck r[kwf

onfrSm rSefaomfvnf; rodBudK;<uHjyKí&avmufaom taetxm; wpfck

r[kwf/ xdktcsufudk rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u udkapmndef;a&;aom oDcsif;oDqdkol

ESpfOD;udktoHk;jyKí vSypGm a&;om; jyoxm;cJhonf/ (zwfyg/ pm? 187-

90)/

rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u rdef;rpma&;q&m wpfa,muf\ ae&mudk,lum

&,lxm;aom taetxm;twGif;rSom ]tcspfyGifhOD;}udk a&;om;cJhaMumif;udk

OD;xifausmfudk toHk;jyKí jyoxm;cJhonf/ OD;xifausmfudk b,folb,f

0g[k a&;om;jycJhonfrSm rSef\/ xdkYxufydkíaomf bmudkrQ a&;vnf;rjy/

ñTef;jyívnf;rqdk/ OD;xifausmf\ a0'emudk cufcufEG,fu rodEdkif/

cufcufEG,fudk rdk;rdk; (tif;vsm;)u todray;/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf rdk;rdk;(tif;

vsm;)onf rdef;rpma&;q&mtjzpfESifh ol\pnf;udkrausmfbJ olYabmif


twGif;rSomae&if; ta&;tom;wpf&yfudk jyKcJhonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif

pma&;q&mr wpfa,mufae&mrSaeí a,musfm;wpfa,muf\ cHpm;csuf

a0'em ponfwdkYudk razmfusL;cJh/ þta&;tom;wGif rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;)u

vlYtzGJUtpnf;u wnfaqmufxm;aom taetxm;ESifh obm0w&m;

t& jzpfwnfaeaom taetxm;ESpfckudk wpfckwnf;aom ]rdef;r} tjzpf

aygif;pnf;xm;aom taetxm;twGif;rS a&;om;cJhonf[líyif qdkEdkif

onf/ xdktcsufrSm tvGef pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom tcsufwpfckvnf;

jzpfonf/

(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)

ynm&Sif [,fvD;em; pD,k(Z)onf rdef;rpma&;q&m wpfa,mufu

a&;om;&mwGif rdrdodrIomru rdrd\ jzpfwnf&Sdaeaom taetxm;

twGif;rS cHpm;EdkifrI twdkif; twmrsm;jzifh a&;aMumif; erlemwpf&yfjzifh

jyqdkcJhonf/

wpfcgwav EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHtaMumif; pdwful;eJYzGJUpyf wifjywwfw,f/

Oyrm-uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiH qdkygpdk Y/ zwf&wm? odxm;&wmawGeJY

uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiH taMumif; pdwful;NyD; a&;om;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh

wu,fwrf; udk,fwdkifudk,fusa&mufNyD;? ezl;awGU 'l;awGU awGUNyD;

udk,fwdkifudk,fus awGUBuHKcHpm;&wmeJYawmh rwlbl;/

þwGif pD,k(Z)u t"duxm; azmfxkwfjyvdkonfrSm rdef;rwpfa,muf

u rdef;rwpfa,muf\ cHpm;csuf? tawGUtBuHK? todtjrif ponfwdkYudk

udk,fwdkifudk,fus odolomjzpfonf/ rdef;r r[kwfol (wdkY) taejzifh pdwf

ul;jzifh BuHqazmfxkwfjcif;om jzpfonf[k qdkvdkvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/

xdktcsufrSm (txl;ojzifh? ,aeYacwf umvBuD;twGif;) jiif;qdk&efrvG,f

vS/ taMumif;wpfcsufrSm ,aeYumvwGif rdef;rrsm;onf rdef;rpma&;q&m

jzpfjcif;udk &J&Jwif;wif; &yfwnfvmaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf;

rdef;rpma&;q&mwdkY\ rdef;rtjzpf yHkazmfxm;jcif;cH&aom olwdkY\taMumif;

ta&;tom;rsm;rSm ,cifu xifrSwfcsuf? wGufqcsufrsm;jzifh tiSm;

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rdk;rdk;(tif;vsm;) - r*¾Zif;0w¬K&Snfrsm;-1/

tif;vsm;pmay? &efukef/

1997/

*sL; - cspfola&;wJh uRefr&JUnawG/

Owå&vrif;? jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU/

2000/

Butler, Judith P - Gender Trouble: Feminismand the Subversion of Identity.London: Routledge. 1990

Cixous, H - Writing Differences:Reading from the Seminarof Helene Cixiuos, ed. SusanSellers, Milton Keyenes,Milton Keynes:

Open University. 1988Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky-Epistemology of the Closet.

London: Harvester Wheat-s h e a f .1991


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ta&;& S d&i f tm;vJud k ;&ao;? c kae&mujzi f h wuwJ ?

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uRefru bmrQjyefrajymrd/ wu,fawmh aemufxyf b,fvdk

ae&mrsKd;rSm aecsifygonf[k *sD;xl&rnfudkyif uRefrrodawmhygacs/

rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)rdk;rd k; (tif;vsm;)

(aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? pufwifbm? 1972)


odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;odu©m&SdwJh rkefY[if;cg;

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upm;vnf; twlwl? ausmif;oGm;awmhvnf; twlwl tNrJwrf; rcGJrcGm

&SdaeMuonf/

½kyfcsif;uvnf; wllojzifh tjrTmnDtpfr[kyif xifMuygonf/

tjrTmawGvm;[k ar;vQif uRefrwdkYuvnf; jiif;qef raeawmh? &,fppESifh

acgif;ndwfjyvkdufMuonfom jzpfonf/ araruvnf; uRefrwdk Y

ESpfa,mufudk t0wftpm; qifwlcsKyfay;onf/ nDrav;u xGm;ojzifh

udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfcsif;vnf; twlwlavmufyif jzpfaeonf/

olpdrf;rsm;u uRefrwdkY nDtpfrudk ½kwfw&uf rcGJjcm;wwf/

odkYaomf azaz ararESifh &if;ESD;aom aqGrsKd; rdwfaqGrsm;uawmh

aumif;aumif;BuD; cGJjcm;wwfygonf/

uRefrESifh nDrav; olZm\ tBudKufESifh p½dkufuawmh ta&SUESifh

taemufvdk vHk;0 uGJjym;jcm;em;í aeygonf/ uRefru tpdrf;a&mif BudKuf

vQif nDrav;u teDa&mif BudKufonf/ araru onfwpfcg uRefr

BudKufonfh tqif taoG;udk tusÐcsKyfay;vQif aemufwpfcg nDrav;

BudKufonfh tqifudk csKyfay;&onf/

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nDrav;u pGmonf/ odkYaomf taw;trSwf rxm;wwf/ uRefru odrf;


odrf; qnf;qnf; aeonf/ nDrav;u jzpfuwwfqef; aeonf/ odkYaomf

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tqifawmh ajyygonf/

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nDrav; olYtcef;xJrSm zGxm;orQawGudkawmh uRefru arar rodatmif

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odonf[k qdkygonf/

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awmh/ uRefr &Sif;vdkufvQif ol rSwfom;xm;onfh ypönf;awG ae&m a&GUoGm;

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azazu oGufvufNyD; pmawmfaom nDrav;udk cspfovdk

araru pOf;pm; awG;ac:wwfaom uRefrudkom tm;udk;um tpp

t&m&m wdkifyifygonf/

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ar;onf/

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]rwlygbl;}

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]wjcm;pDyJ}

aemufwpfa,mufu jznfhpGufonf/

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vnf; b,folurS r,HkMu/

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onfwJh/

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awmh tbGm;BuD;av; usaewmyJ} wJhav/

Ä Ä Ä

uRefrESifh nDrav; wpfESpfwnf; twlwl bGJU&Muonf/ uRefru

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udkvnf; azazESifh araru ½Hk;wpf½Hk;rSm 0ifvkyfapcsifygonf/ nDrav;u

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rsm;rsm; r&Sdbl;uG,f}


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nDrav;u xufjrufol jzpfavawmh nDrav;\ tvkdqE´udk azazu

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uRefrwdkY rdom;pktm;vHk;u nDrav;udk i,fi,f&G,f&G,f vSvS

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azazuvnf; oabmrwl/ aemufqHk;awmh &Sd&SdorQ aygifESH a&mif;csum

nDrav;twGuf tvSukefqdkifav; wpfqdkif zGifhay;Muygonf/

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uav;u wpfESpftwGif;rSm om;om;em;em; jzpfvmonf/ uRefruawmh

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vSy pdkjynfí aeygonf/

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vm&onfh tajctaerSm &SdcJh&avonf/

Ä Ä Ä

nDrav;onf uRefrxuf wpfESpfapmí vufxyfygonf/


azazESifh araronf orD;ESpfa,muf\ tdrfaxmifa&;udkvnf;

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onf/ odkYaomf nDrav; wpfa,muf tdrfaxmifjyKNyD; tdrfu cGJxGufoGm;

onfhtwGufawmh uRefrwdkY rdom;pk pdwfraumif; jzpfcJh&onf/

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av;vnf; r&Sdawmh/ nDrav;u cifyGef;avmif;udkvnf; pepfwus

a&G;cs,fwwfonf/

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vifr,m; ESpfa,mufvHk; wufnDvufnD pD;yGm;&SmMuavonf/ wpfESpf

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aeonf/

nDrav;onf tdrfudk rMumrMumawmh a&mufí vmygonf/

azazESifh ararwkdY BudKufwwfaom tpm;taomuf t0wftxnfav;

awG tNrJ ygvmonf/ vpOfvnf; axmufyHhygonf/ odkYaomf nDrav;

onf tdrfrSm MumMum raeEdkkif/

]oGm;rS jzpfr,f azaz? olZm r&Sd&if rjzpfbl;? MumMumaevkdY

rjzpfbl;? azaz vdkwm&Sd zkef;qufaemf? oGm;r,f rr? oGm;r,f arar}

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uRefrudk ajymonf/

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Ä Ä Ä

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jcif;udk uRefr qef;ppfaerdonf/

Ä Ä Ä

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r[kwfvm;[if udkudk}


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