Re-Greening the Planet

◊jttrµxf ytih vgtoJhK

mth-çr;mth

ytih

yÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt

Mumbai:Kushesh Mansion, 2nd Floor,

48/54, Janmabhoomi Marg, Fort, Mumbai - 400 001.Tel.: 022-2282 0491 / 0496 • Fax: 022-2282 0451 • E-mail: icpe@vsnl.net

New Delhi:1009, Vijaya Building, 10th Floor, 17, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi - 110 001.

Tel.: 011-2332 6377 • Fax: 91-11-2332 6379 • E-mail: icpedelhi@bol.net.in

Website: www.icpenviro.org • www.envis-icpe.com • www.icpeenvis.nic.in

mkfjtl _ çftNtl

Ekrzgl muLxh Vtph ◊jttrµxÏm El r' ElJtEhlbuLx

(Yf µJ;Lºt htMx[eg mkµ:tt _ mtumtgxe yr"trlgb ƒu\ yL;do; vkse¢\;)

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Xtum yvrNtMx mbµgt ft çbwFt µºttu; nI - ◊jttrµxf

ldhvtrjtft Xtum yvrNtMx fe mkhatlt

µºttu;& bilusbUx ytpV| Bgwrlmvjt mtprjtz Juµx,

mUx[jt vtpjgqNtl fkx[tujt cttuzo, vgtoJhK YJk Jl bkºttjtg

90 ƒu\ yk; bU yrFtjt Ctth;eg ytkfz|u

ƒw\A mkµ:ttytU ∏tht ntjt ne bU rfY dY y"ggltU mu v;t atjtt ni

rf Ctth; ƒu\ çbwFt bntldhtU bU ◊jttrµxf, Yb.Ym.zcjgq ft

jtdCtd 3-4% rnµmt Nttrbjt ntu;t ni > ctnhntjt, gn ylwbtl ni rf

yrFtjt Ctth;eg ytim; mkFgt Emmu fb ntude >

v…:th / htFt

(41.81%)

"tt;w (0.64%)

ftkat /

rmhtrbf (0.44%)

◊jttrµxf (0.62%)

ftds| (0.81%)

Dttm-vÚte  (3.80%)

NttfCttse

vrÚtgtk (40.15%)

yLg

(11.73%)

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◊jttrµxf ytih vgtoJhKyÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt &yÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt &yÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt &yÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt &yÏmh vqAu stlu Jtjtu mJtjt &

ç.1 Ïgt ◊jttrµxf vgtoJhK ƒu\ rjtY mwhr÷t; ni ?

W. ytb ;tih vh Ekmtl ∏tht ctltY stlu Jtjtu mCte W…vt'l, W…vt'l

çr§\gt ;:tt Emƒu\ rlvxtuh ƒu\ 'tihtl, rfme l rfme Áv bU

vgtoJhK ftu yJNg çCttrJ; fh;u nI > EmrjtY yct mJtjt gn

WX;t ni rf ElbU mu rfl W…vt'ltU ƒu\ Eµ;ubtjt mu vgtoJhK ftu

fb mu fb lwfmtl vnwkatudt ytih gn ††'e"toftjtel rJftm¥¥

çr§\gt bU rf;lt gtud'tl 'udt >

simu-simu ytv ytdu vZ|Udu, çatth bt"gbtU ƒu\ s|rhY ytvƒu\ r'btd

vh sbe djt; rJatthtU fe "twk"t Dtkx;e stYde ytih ytv stlUdu rf

vgtooooJhK vh ◊jttrµxf Jtµ;J bU ƒi\me Ctqrbft rlCtt;t ni, ytih gn

ctt; rlBlrjtrFt; W'tnhK mu µvMx Áv mu mtrct; ntu;e ni &

††ytv rmV«o s|ht me at;whtEo mu ne maattEo ftu stl mf;u nI, Em

rJatth btºt bU ne Yf ctnw; ctz|t F|t;ht ni, mat ;tu gn ni rf

ytvftu maattEo stllu ƒu\ rjtY rlhk;h çgtm fhlt vz|;t ni >¥¥

(ztp. htultjz ct{tpzctuLx, Lgq mtEkrxµx - swjttEo ¥73)

ç.2 gn ƒi\mu v;t jtdtgt stY rf yLg mtbd{e fe ;wjtlt bU ◊jttrµxf

vgtoJhK ƒu\ rjtY ßgt't mwhr÷t; ni ?

W. ◊jttµxEkrzgt V«tWkzuNtl fe YlJtghtu◊jttµx fbuxe lu Yf Yumt

btpzujt gt btl'kz ;igth rfgt ni, rsmƒu\ s|rhY gn v;t jtdtgt

st mf;t ni rf ftuEo Cte mtbd{e vgtoJhK ƒu\ rjtY mwhr÷t; ni gt

ln‰ > gn mtbd{e gt W…vt'l rlBlrjtrFt; btl'kz ƒu\ ylwÁv

ntult attrnY, simu&

f) Em mtbd{e gt W…vt'l mu seJl fe dwKJÚtt, rJNtuMt Áv mu

mbts ƒu\ fbs|tuh Jdo fe, bU mw"tth ntult attrnY >

Ft) Emƒu\ ∏tht Emƒu\ ct'jtu Eµ;ubtjt rfY stlu Jtjtu W…vt'l fe

;wjtlt bU vgtoJhK vh vz|lu Jtjtt ç'wMtK ft cttuSt fb ntult attrnY

simu - sbel, vtle ytih nJt >

d) rVh mu Wvgtud l rfY st mflu Jtjtu Qsto mkmt"tltU ft Wvgtud

yr"tf ƒw\Ntjt;t ƒu\ mt:t rfgt stlt attrnY >

Dt) Ctqbe, vtle simu mkmt"tltU ;:tt JltU ƒu\ mkh÷tK bU mntgf ntult

attrnY >

at) yk;rlorn; Qsto ƒu\ Yf bn…JvqKo rnµmu fe vwloçr§\gt ytih/gt vwl&

çtr◊; bU mntgf ntult attrnY >

mtbtLg;gt nb rfme Cte W…vt'l gt Jµ;w ftu Emfe yvrNtMx

rlftm mbµgt ƒu\ yt"tth vh stkatlu fe fturNtNt fh;u nI, gn ;tu

ƒw\A Ymt ne fnlu simt nwyt rf Yf rnbNtijt ytfth bU W;lt ne

ctz|t ntu;t ni, rs;lt gn m;n ƒu\ Qvh r'FttEo 'u;t ni >

Yf W…vt'l ftu ;igth Áv 'ulu fe çr§\gt ƒu\ 'tihtl gtle "th;e

mu faate mtbd{e rlftjtlu mu jtufh, Emu ;igth fhlu, jttlu-jtu

stlu, Eµ;ubtjt fhlu ytih Emft rlvxtht fhlu ;f, vgtoJhK vh

ƒw\A l ƒw\A ymh ;tu rlrNat; Áv mu ntu;t ni. Qsto ƒu\ Wvgtud

ytih "th;e, vtle ;:tt nJt fe ltv ƒu\ yt"tth vh, nh yJµ:tt bU

W…vt'ltU gt Elƒu Wvgtud ƒu\ mkctk"t bU rfY Yf ;wjtlt…bf y"ggl

ftu jttEV« mtEfjt Yltrjtrmm (Yjt.me.Y.) - gt mt"tthK Ntc'tU

bU Emu ††vtjtlu mu rat;t ;f¥¥ ft ærMxftuK fn;u nI >

ç.3 Ïgt 'wrlgt bU Wvjtc"t ;ujt gt ntEz[tuftctol mkmt"tltU ƒu\ Yf ctz|u

rnµmu fe Ftv; ƒu\ rjtY ◊jttrµxf rs|Bbu'th ni ?

W. ln‰ >

ytvƒu\ rjtY gn stllt s|Áhe ni rf 'wrlgt ƒu\ ntEz[tuftctol

mkmt"tl ft 4% mu Cte fb rnµmt ◊jttrµxf ∏tht Eµ;ubtjt rfgt

st;t ni > jtdCtd 90% rnµmt vrhJnl, rJπw; W…vt'l ytih ;tv

ƒu\ rjtY Eµ;ubtjt rfgt st;t ni >

ytb;tih vh, gr' ;wjtlt…bf Wvgtud ytih ftgoƒw\Ntjt;t µ;h mu

'uFtt stY ;tu ◊jttrµxf W…vt'ltU ftu, çatrjt; mtbd{e mu ctllu

Jtjtu W…vt'ltU fe ;wjtlt bU fb Qsto fe s|Áh; vz|;e ni >

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ç.4 Ïgt ldhrldb ƒu\ Xtum yvrNtMx bU ◊jttrµxf ft rnµmt mctmu

yr"tf ntu;t  ni ?

W. ln‰ >

2001 bU cte.Yb.me. ∏tht rfY Yf y"ggl mu gn ytkfz|t 0.75%

çt◊; nwyt >

gntk ;f rf gqhtuv ytih gq.Ym.Y. bU çr; ÔgrÏ; 50 rf.d{t.

JtrMtof mu Cte yr"tf ◊jttrµxf fe Ftv; (Ctth; bU gn Ftv; 4.5

rf.d{t. JtrMtof ni) ƒu\ yt"tth vh ◊jttrµxf yvrNtMx, ƒw\A ldhvtrjtft

Xtum yvrNtMx ft 8% rnµmt ni > NtuMt rnµmu bU sirJf Ftrls

(33%), ftds| ytih cttuzo (30%), ftkat ytih "tt;w (16%) ;:tt

yLg (13%) mtbd{e Nttrbjt ni >

'hymjt, ◊jttrµxf √U\fe stlu Jtjte mtbd{e ƒu\ Js|l ytih btºtt

ftu Ctthe btºtt bU fb fh;t ni > 'wCtto∂g mu Ctth; bU El yvrNtMxtU

ft rlvxtht fhlu fe sdn, ELnU ƒq\z|t-fatht mbStt st;t ni, Emu

Yfºt fhƒu\, E;fe vwl& çr§\gt ln‰ fe st;e >

ç.5 Ïgt ◊jttrµxf fe ctle rfhtlu fe :tirjtgtU mu cthmt; bU ltrjtgtk ctk'

ntu st;e ni ?

W. Yumt ln‰ ntu;t >

◊jttrµxf fe ctl‰ rfhtlu fe :tirjtgtk vtle mu njfe (fb Dtle)

ntu;e nI, EmrjtY gu vtle bU ;ih;e hn;e nI, ytih EmerjtY gu mbw“

;x vh ;ct EfxTXe ntulu jtd;e nI, sct Elft rlvxtht mne ;heƒu\

mu ln‰ rfgt st;t > gr' rlftm-çKtjte bU Ftz|e stjte ft

Wvgtud rfgt dgt ntu ;tu, vtle stjte ƒu\ s|rhY ctn;u mbg

◊jttrµxf fe :tirjtgtk m;n vh ;ih;e hn;e ni > sctrf ytz|e stjte

jtde ntulu vh, simu rf yÏmh mz|ftU vh jtdtEo st;e nI, ◊jttrµxf

fe :tirjtgtk ctn;u vtle mu yjtd ntu st;e nI > ydh nb Em ;fo ƒu\

yt"tth vh mtuatlu fe fturNtNt fhU ;tu gn mbSt vtlt frXl ntudt

rf ytrFth ◊jttrµxf fe :tirjtgtU ƒu\ fthK vtle fe ltrjtgtk rfm

;hn ctk' ntu st;e nI ? Nttg' Emƒu\ rjtY nbU ctnw; ne mtJ"ttle ƒu

mt:t v;t jtdtfh gn rlrNat; fhlt ntudt rf Jtµ;J bU ymjte

mbµgt Ïgt ni >

ç.6 Ïgt Fttπ v't:ttuO ytih 'JtytU mu ◊jttrµxf ft mBvƒo\ ELnU rJMttJ;

ctlt 'u;t ni ?

W. ln‰ >

'wrlgt Cth bU yts ◊jttrµxf ft Wvgtud Fttπ v't:ttuO, 'JtytU ytih

ctaattU fe 'uFtCttjt ƒu\ W…vt'ltU fe virfkd ƒu\ rjtY EmrjtY rfgt

st;t ni, ÏgtUrf gn Elƒu\ rjtY vqhe ;hn mwhr÷t; nI > simu 'q"t fe

:tirjtgtk, Fttπ ;ujt, ytEm§\eb ƒu vif, dturjtgtU ytih ƒi\◊µgqjm ƒu\

rcjtµxh vif > gne ln‰, ytEo.Je. ÇjtwEz ;:tt hÏ; Cte ◊jttrµxf

fe ctid bU Yfºt rfgt st;t ni >

Fttπ v't:ttuO ;:tt 'JtytU fe viRfd ƒu\ rjtY ◊jttrµxf ctid mwhr÷t;

ntulu ƒu cttJsq', ç…guf 'uNt bU ƒw\A Yumu btl'kz rlrNat; rfY dY

nI, stu gn rl"ttorh; fh;u nI rf Yumu ftil mu YzerxÔs| ytih

rvdbUxTm nI, stu Fttπ v't:ttuO ƒu\ mBvƒo\ ƒu\ rjtY vqhe ;hn mwhr÷t;

Áv bU Eµ;ubtjt rfY st mf;u nI >

ç.7 Ïgt rbxTxe ƒu\ Cte;h dtz|lu vh ◊jttrµxf ntrlfthf mtrct; ntu;u

nI ?

W. ln‰ >

◊jttrµxf ƒu\ yvrNtMx bwFg Áv mu vgtoJhK ƒu\ rjtY rlMçCttJe gt

rlrM§\g ntu;u nI > Elƒu\ ∏tht Yumu rJMtijtu jteƒu\xTm ;igth ln‰ ntu;u

rslmu rbxTxe gt Ctqd; sjt mkmt"tltU ƒu\ 'qrMt; ntulu ft sturFtb

ntu > sctrf Emƒu\ rJvhe; Yumu W…vt'l, stu Wv-W…vt'ltU ƒu\ Áv

bU rJDtrx; ntu st;u nI, Elmu Ctqd; sjt mkmt"tltU ƒu\ 'qrMt; ntulu ft

Ft|;ht yJNg ntu mf;t ni >

◊jttrµxf ƒu\ yvrNtMx ftu ytmtle mu EfxTXt rfgt st mf;t

ni ytih s|bel bU gu ctnw; fb sdn Dtuh;u nI > gne ln‰,

◊jttrµxf ƒu\ yvrNtMx vqhe ;hn rlrM§\g ntu;u nI ytih gu rJDtrx;

ln‰ ntu;u nI EmrjtY Ntnhe ÷tuºttU bU yvrNtMx çctk"tl çr§\gt ƒu\

'tihtl Elft v]:tÏfhK fhlt ytih vwl& çr§\gt fhlt yr"tf

ytmtl ntu;t ni >

Yhes|tult gwrlJrmoxe, gq.Ym.Y., ∏tht Lgqgtpƒo\ ƒu\ CtqFtll vh rfY

dY Yf çrmÆ y"ggl mu v;t atjtt ni rf Fttπ v't:to simu cteV«

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µxuÏm, fptb-ytpl-fptct, Lgqs| vuvh, rslƒu\ ctthu bU ytvftu jtd;t ni

rf gu ƒw\A mtjttU bU rJDtrx; ntu st;u nI, 'hymjt 30 JMto ctt' Cte

gu Em Áv bU ctlu hn;u nI rf ELnU vnattlt st mf;t ni. Jtu

EmrjtY ÏgtUrf Yluhturctf cttgtud{uzuNtl (nJt YJk mqgo çftNt fe

ylwvrµ:tr; bU) çr§\gt Yf ctnw; ne "tebe çr§\gt ntu;e ni. Em

çr§\gt mu rbxTxe ƒu\ CthtJ mu bu:tul dim vi't ntu;e ni, rsmƒu\

††d{elntWm¥¥ çCttJ ƒu\ fthK gn ftctol ztgytpÏmtEz mu Cte

yr"tf ntrlfthf ntu;e ni >

ç.8 Ïgt ◊jttrµxf ftu sjttlu mu rJMtijtt "twkyt vi't ntu;t ni ?

W. ln‰ >

'hymjt, WvCttud-vNatt; ;igth ntulu Jtjtt ß|gt't mu ß|gt't yvrNtMx

rfhtlu fe mtbd{e gt vtpjteE:ttgujtel ctid mu ;igth ntu;t ni >

vtpjttE:ttgjtel fe htmtgrlf mkhatlt ƒu\Jjt ftctol ytih ntgz[tusl

yKwytU mu ;igth ntu;e ni > ytih rsm rfme ftu Cte ydh :ttuz|e me

Cte ƒi\rbµx[e yt;e ntude, Jn gn ctt; yaAe ;hn stl;t ntudt rf

ftctol ntgz[tusl btpjtuÏgqjth atul ftu sjttlu vh ftctol ztgytpÏmtEx

ytih vtle fe Cttv ;igth ntu;e ni >

ve.Je.me. mu ctlu W…vt'l ftu sjt;e ytd bU ztjtlu mu ntgz[tusl

ÏjttuhtEz gwÏ; "twkyt rlfjt;t ni, stu ;eFtt ntu;t ni > 'hymjt,

Em mtbd{e ft Yf bn…JvqKo jttCt gn ntu;t ni rf vtJh ƒu\ctjm

vh ytJhK ƒu Áv bU Emft Wvgtud fhlu vh ytd ft √i\jttJ fb

ntu;t ni. mtbtLg;gt ldhrldb ∏tht Yfrºt; Xtum yvrNtMx bU

ve.Je.me. W…vt'ltU gt WvCttud rfY dY vif fe btºtt ctnw; fb

ntu;e ni >

rJMttÏ; "twkyt, stu ytbsl;t fe djt; "tthKt ƒu\ ylwmth ◊jttrµxf

mu rlfjt;t ni, Jn ◊jttrµxf ctid bU btIsq' mtbd{e ƒu\ fthK vi't

ntu;t ni, rsLnU ytiπturdf yvrNtMx mu Awxftht vtlu ƒu\ rjtY sjttgt

st;t ni >

ç.9 Ïgt s|bel bU dtz|lu ƒu\ ctt' ◊jttrµxf, vti"ttU ƒu\ rJftm ƒu\ rjtY

ntrlfthf ntu;t ni ?

W. ln‰ >

cttdtle VmjttU gt Jleg VmjttU ƒu\ rjtY htuvtU ftu Wdtlu ƒu\ rjtY

yts 'wrlgt Cth bU vtpjteE:ttgjtel ctid ft Eµ;ubtjt rfgt st;t

ni > Em v;jte vtpjteE:ttgjtel ctid bU rbxTxe Cthfh, htuvtU ftu EmbU

ztjtt st;t ni ytih cjtuz mu Yf ateht jtdtfh Emu rbxTxe mu Zkf

r'gt st;t ni > Emmu htuvtU fe sz|tU ƒu\ rJftm bU ftuEo ÁftJx

ln‰ yt;e > vwhtlu ;heƒu\ ƒu fthK cttkm fe xtufhe bU jtdtY stlu

Jtjtu htuvtU ft ç…gthtuvK fhlu ƒu\ rjtY, ELnU sct Elmu WFttz|t

st;t :tt ;tu lLnu htuvu Ctthe mkFgt bU bh st;u :tu >

◊jttrµxf vqhe ;hn rlrM§\g mtbd{e ni ytih rbxTxe ƒu\ leatu Emfe

btisq'de ft rbxTxe fe htmtgrlf mkhatlt gt vti"ttU ƒu\ rJftm vh

ftuEo çCttJ ln‰ vz|;t >

ç.10 Ïgt nbU ◊jttrµxf fe :tirjtgtU ƒu\ ct'jtu ftds| fe :tirjtgtU ft

Wvgtud fhlt attrnY ?

W. Em ctt; ft √i\mjtt fhlu mu vnjtu nbU rlBlrjtrFt; ctt;tU vh

rJatth fhlt s|Áhe ni >

yts ytb "tthKt gne s|tuh vfz| hne ni rf ◊jttrµxf ƒu\ ct'jtu,

ftds| ft Eµ;ubtjt vgtoJhK ƒu\ rjtY ß|gt't mwhr÷t; ni. jturfl

ƒw\A ;:gtU ytih Yjt.me.Y. ∏tht Emft mb:tol ln‰ rfgt st

mf;t ni >

ftds| fe :tirjtgtk ;igth fhlu ƒu\ rjtY, Eme ytfth fe ytih Eme

ƒu\ cthtcth ftgoƒw\Ntjt;t Jtjte ◊jttrµxf fe :tirjtgtU fe ;wjtlt bU

ZtEo dwlt yr"tf Qsto fe s|Áh; vz|;e ni >

ftds| ƒu\ W…vt'l mu nJt bU ç'qMtK Cte ß|gt't √i\jt;t ni. mt:t ne,

ftds| ft W…vt'l gt vwl& çr§\gt ƒu\ 'tihtl ntulu Jtjte yvrNtMx

sjt rlftme bU Cte Ctthe rJmkdr; vi't ntu;e ni >

sntk ;f rJDtxl ft mkctk"t ni, gwrlJrmoxe ytpV Yhes|tult ƒu\

y"ggltU mu v;t atjtt nI rf 1952 bU 'cttY dY ftds| ƒu\ yJNtuMttU

ft sct 1989 bU Ftll rfgt dgt ;tu ELnU µvMx Áv mu vnattlt

st mf;t :tt > xujteV«tul ztghuÏxhe ƒu\ mt:t Cte gne vrhKtb

r'FttEo r'gt >

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ƒw\A jttud ;ƒo\ ƒu\ Áv bU Yumt Cte fnUdu rf ftds| ftu J]÷ttU mu

;igth rfgt st;t ni, stu rf lJele¢\; ntulu Jtjtt mkmt"tl ni >

sctrf ◊jttrµxf ;ujt mu ;igth rfgt stt;t ni, rsmftu vwl&

µ:ttrv; ln‰ rfgt st mf;t > Emƒu\ rJvhe; gn ;ƒo\ r'gt st

mf;t ni rf skdjt nbthe rbxTxe ƒu\ Ctkzth ftu mwhr÷t; hFtlu ytih

Jt;tJhK bI dimeg mk;wjtl ctltY hFtlu bU bn…JvqKo Ctqrbft rlCtt;u

nI > ftctol ztgytpÏmtEz ftu Ft‰atfh, ytpÏmesl ftu Jt;tJhK bU

√i\jtt;u nI > nbthe jtdt;th ctZ|;e jtfz|e fe CtqFt ƒu\ fthK, nbthe

yts|t'e ƒu\ ctt' mu ;fhectl 44 rbrjtgl nuÏxugh skdjt ftxfh,

mtV« rfY st atwƒu\ ni > Em ;hn yts nbtht 'uNt 'wrlgt bU mctmu

fb Jl÷tuºt gwÏ; 'uNttU bU mu Yf ni (ƒw\jt Ctq÷tuºt bU ytlu Jtjtt Jleg

÷tuºt) > Em ;hn, sntk ;f Ctth; ft mJtjt ni, gntk Ctq÷tuºt rfme

Cte Áv bU Yf lJele¢\; rfgt stlu Jtjtt mkmt"tl ln‰ ni >

ç.11 Ïgt ◊jttrµxf mkmt"tl mkJ"tol ƒu\ btl'kztU ƒu\ ylwÁv ni? Ïgt

◊jttrµxf viƒu\Rsd ft Wvgtud fh;u mbg nbU ††ßgt't ƒu\ ct'jtu

fb¥¥ rbjt;t ni ?

W. ntk >

Emƒu\ rjtY nb ◊jttrµxf mu ctle rfhtlu fe :tirjtgtU ft Yf

mt"tthK W'thnK jtu mf;u nI, rsmftu çatth bt"gbtU ∏tht ctnw;

ne Ôgtvf Áv mu ct'ltb rfgt st hnt ni > ◊jttrµxf mu ctle

rfhtlu fe 2000 :tirjtgtU fe QattEo mtZ|u mt; Ekat ntu;e ni< ftds|

mu ctle rfhtlu fe :tirjtgtU fe QkattEo mtZ|u mt; √w\x ntu;e ni > yct

ytv ne mturatY rf vrhJnl ƒu\ 'tihtl ELnU jtu stlu bU rf;le sdn

attrnY ytih vrhJnl ƒu\ 'tihtl ELnU jtu stlu bU rf;le sdn attrnY

ytih vrhJnl ƒu\ 'tihtl rf;lt ç'qMtK ntudt?

††sbol mtumtExe V«tph rhmoat El ' viƒu\Rsd btƒuo\x¥¥ ∏tht rfY

dY Yf y"ggl mu v;t atjtt ni rf gr' ◊jttrµxf viƒu\Rsd ƒu\

ct'jtu rfme yLg mtbd{e ft Wvgtud rfgt stY ;tu Elƒu\ Js|l YkJ

btºtt ƒu\ yt"tth vh rlvxthu ft Ftato §\bNt& 4 ytih 2.5 ;f ctZ|

stYdt, mt:t ne, Qsto fe Ftv; ytih viƒu\Rsd ft Ftato Bte 'wdwlt

ntu stYdt >

Emft Yf ytih W'thnK ni, njtƒu\ Js|l fe PET cttu;jttU bU rblhjt

Jtpxh ft vrhJnl > ftkat fe cttu;jttU fe ;wjtlt bU Yf x[f bU 80%

fb viƒu\Rsd ƒu\ mt:t, 60% ß|gt't vtle ft vrhJnl rfgt st

mf;t ni > vrhKtb µJÁv jtdBtd 40% ;f EO"tl fe ctat; fe

st mf;e ni >

◊jttrµxf viƒu\Rsd ƒu\ rjtY vif rfY dY W…vt'l ytih viƒu\Rsd ƒu\

Js|l ft ylwvt; mctmu yr"tf ni< W'thnK ƒu\ rjtY 500 d{t.

ftpVe ftu 500 d{t. Js|l ƒu\ ftkat ƒu\ sth bU< gt rVh 130 d{t. ƒu\

rxl ◊jtux rzcctu bU< gt rm√o|\ 12 d{t. Js|l ƒu\ Yf ◊jttrµxf

jtirbluxuz vtWat bU vif rfgt st mf;t ni > Emmu Cte yaAt

W'thnK ni rf Yf rfjttu lbf ftu 5 d{t. ƒu\ vtWat bU vif rfgt

st mf;t ni rsmbU W…vt'l ƒu\ Js|l ytih viƒu\Rsd ƒu\ Js|l ft

ylwvt; ni 200&1 ytih El ƒw\A W'thnKtU mu µvMx strnh ntu;t ni

rf ◊jttrµxf viƒu\Rsd ƒu\ Wvgtud mu nbU ††fb bU rbjt;t ni fn‰

ß|gt't V«tg't¥¥ >

ç.12 seJl fe dwKJÚtt ftu ctun;h ctltlu bU ◊jttrµxf Ïgt Btqrbft

rlBtt;t ni ?

W. gqrlmuV« fe Yf rhvtuxo ƒu\ ylwmth, nbthu 'uNt bU 2,500 ctaattU fe

nh r'l 'µ; sime ctebthe ƒu\ fthK b]…gw ntu st;e ni, Emft

fthK 'qrMt; vtle ytih Nttiat mkctk"te WÚtb mwrJ"ttytU ft yCttJ ni,

stu serJ; hn;u nI, Ju ß|gt't;h vtle ƒu\ fthK ntulu Jtjte ctebtrhgtU

mu d{µ; hn;u nI ytih 'uNt ftu çr; JMto 1,800 rbrjtgl ftb ƒu\ DtkxtU

ft lwfmtl WXtlt vz|;t ni >

'uNt ƒu\ ∏tht gn jt÷g rl"ttorh; rfgt dgt ni rf çr; dtkJ Yf

mwhr÷t; velu ƒu\ vtle ft mkmt"tl yJNg Wvjtc"t fhtgt stY ytih

Em ;hn ft 'wdob jt÷g ;ct ;f vqht fh vtlt jtdCtd ymkCtJ ni,

sct ;f ve.Je.me. vtEv ft Wvgtud l rfgt stY, stu rf

rfV«tg;e, Js|l bU njƒu\, jttlu-jtu-stlu bU ytmtl ntulu ƒu\ mt:t,

ELnU µ:ttrv; fhlt Cte ctnw; ytmtl ntu;t ni. ytih mctmu bn…JvqKo

ctt; rf se.ytEo. vtEv ƒu\ mt:t ;wjtlt…bf ftgoƒw\Ntjt;t ƒu\ Áv

bU ††;ujt mbf÷t¥¥ ƒu\ W…vt'l YJk Wvgtud ƒu\ bwftctjtu Elmu 88%

fb Qsto fe Ftv; ntu;e ni >

45

46

yts d{tbeK ÷tuºttU bU ÔgrÏ;d; W…vt'ltU ft Wvgtud ;us|e mu ctZ|;t

st hnt ni. cttu;jt ctk' NtiBvq ft Wvgtud çr;JMto 2% fe 'h mu ctZ|

hnt ni, sctrf 5 mu 8 rb.rjt. ƒu\ jtatejtu vif bU NtiBvq ƒu\ Wvgtud bU

JMto-'h-JMto 30% fe 'h mu J]rÆ ntu hne ni > fb feb; fe jtatejte

viƒu\Rsd ytih Atuxe mtEs| ƒu\ vif ft gn yltuFtt bujt, mbts ƒu\

Yf ctnw; ctz|u rnµmu ƒu\ rjtY W…vt'l ftu ctnw; ne rfV«tg;e ctlt;t

ni > Em ;hn gn ythtu∂g YJk ÔgrÏ;d; 'uFtCttjt ftu Cte ctun;h

ctltlu bU mngtud 'u;t ni >

ç.13 bnÚJvqKo vgtoJhK mkctk"te bwætU mu rlvxlu bU ◊jttrµxf Wπtud lu

Ïgt Ctqrbft rlCttEo ni ?

W. Ekrzgl mUxh V«tph ◊jttrµxÏm El YlJtglobUx (ytEoo.me.ve.Eo.)

rsmfe ntjt ne bU µ:ttvlt fe dEo ni, ft yvlt Yf jtkctt Er;ntm

ni, rsmfe leatu ƒu\ ylwaAu'tU bU mk÷tuv bU atatto fe dEo ni >

ytEo.me.ve.Eo. ft rbNtl µxuxbUx ytivattrhf Áv mu sj' ne

DtturMt; rfgt stYdt, Emft WæuNg, vgtoJhK ƒu\ çr; msd rJNJ

bU ◊jttrµxf ftu Yf jttufrçg mtbd{e ctltlt ni > fEo Yumu Wvgtud

nI, rsmbU ◊jttrµxf yr"tf ftgo÷tb, mwrJ"ttslf ytih rfV«tg;e

vmk' mtrct; ntu;t ni - simu WvCttuÏ;t viRfd. EmerjtY ytEo.me.ve.Eo.

ƒu\ rjtY Yumu vgtoJhK mkctk"te mbµgtytU vh "gtl 'ult ctnw; s|Áhe

ni stu ◊jttrµxf ƒu\ Wvgtud, Emfe feb; - ftgoƒw\Ntjt;t mkctk"te

jttCttU fe sz|u ftx mf;u nI > ;trf nbtht mbts Em y'TCtw; ytih

ctnwvgtude mtbd{e ft vqht-vqht jttCt WXt mƒu\ >

1995 bU, ◊jttµxEkrzgt VtWkzuNtl fe biluRsd fbuxe ytih çumezuLx

lu yvle 'qh“rMx mu vnjtu ne gn stl rjtgt :tt rf ytlu Jtjtu fjt

bU vgtoJhK mkctk"te mbµgtYk, Wπtud ƒu\ rjtY Yf dkCteh mbµgt ctl

stYde > EmerjtY, ;whk; ◊jtµxEkrzgt VtWkzuNtl fe YlJtghtu◊jttµx

fbuxe fe µ:ttvlt fe dEo ;trf mhfth ytih çatth bt"gbtU ƒu\

mt:t rbjtfh vgtoJthK mkctk"te bwætU ftu mwjtSttgt st mƒu\ >

YlJtghtu◊jttµx fbuxe ∏tht vgtoJhK ƒu\ mkctk"t bU ◊jttrµxf vh

;:g EfxTXu fhlu, ylwmk"ttl stlfthe Yfºt ytih bnÚJvqKo ytkfz|u

çt◊; fhlu ƒu\ rjtY fz|u çgtm rfY st;u nI > Emƒu\ ctt' fbuxe

∏tht El mthe stlfthe ftu mhfth YJk çatth bt"gbtU ƒu\ mb÷t

çµ;w; rfgt st;t ni > ELnU ◊jttrµxf ytih vgtoJhK mu mkctkr"t;

mbµgtytU YJk ;:gtU, djt; "tthKtytU YJk maattEo ƒu\ rJMtg bU

stlfthe Wvjtc"t fhtEo st;e ni > Elƒu\ ∏tht fEo çum ftpLVhUm

ƒu\ yjttJt, vqhu Ctth; bU fEo murblth (Yf YV«.ytEo.me.me.ytEo.

ƒu\ mt:t) Cte ytgturs; rfY dY >

YlJtghtu◊jttµx fbuxe ∏tht mUx[jt vtpjgqNtl fkx[tujt cttuzo ƒu\ atughbul

ƒu\ lu;]…J bU luNtljt ◊jttrµxf Juµx bilusbUx xtµf Vtumo fe rhvtuox

bU Cte ctnw; ne bnÚJvqKoo gtud'tl r'gt dgt. Em xtµf Vtumo

rhvtuxo ∏tht Ctth; ƒu\ mk'Cto bU ◊jttrµxf viƒu\Rsd Juµx bilusbUx fe

hKler;gtU< ◊jttrµxf fe vwl& çr§\gt ƒu\ mkctk"t bU r'Nttrl'uoNt ;:tt

◊jttrµxf El YlJtghbUx ƒu\ rjtY Yf Ekrzgl mUxh µ:ttrv; fhlu

ft çµ;tJ Cte çµ;w; rfgt dgt > Emƒu\ yjttJt YnJtghtu◊jttµx

fbuxe ∏tht mUx[jt vtpjgqNtl fkx[tujt cttuzo (vgtoJhK YJk Jl bkºttjtg)

ƒu\ mt:t rbjtfh, Juµx xtEv cti∂m (Stctjtt :tirjtgtU) ƒu rjtY btuxtEo

mebt vh yr"tmqatlt ;igth fhlu ft ftb Cte rfgt st;t ni >

ytEoo.me.ve.Eo. Yf Yume µJattrjt; htMx[eg mkµ:tt ni, rsmu Ctth;eg

◊jttrµxf W“tud ƒu\ Ntugh "tthftU ∏tht µ:ttrv; rfgt dgt ni >

Emƒu\ çJ;oftU bU Nttrbjt ni, ƒi\rbfjm Ykz vux[tuƒi\rbfjm biLgw√|i\Ïathmo

YmturmYNtl ;:tt ◊jttµxEkrzgt V«tWkzuNtl > Emfe yvle Yf

ErLzvLzuLx dJoRld ftWkrmjt ytih bilusbUx fbuxe ni, rsmbU

Wπtud, mhfth, ylwmk"ttl mkµ:ttytU ;:tt Yƒu\zuberNtgLm ÷tuºt ƒu\

stlu-btlu ÔgrÏ; Nttrbjt ni >

ytEo.me.ve.Eo. ∏tht ◊jttrµxf, ◊jttrµxf yvrNtMx fe vwl& çr§\gt

ytih vgtoJhK mu mkctkr"t; 'eDtoftjtel gtusltytU ytih bwætU ƒu\ mCte

vnjtwytU vh ftgo rfgt stYdt > mt:t ne, Emƒu\ ∏tht ◊jttrµxf

yvrNtMx fe vwl& çr§\gt mkctk"te mqatlt, rNt÷tt, xuÏltujttpse ƒu\

yπ;l mkctk"te bwætU vh Cte "gtl r'gt stYdt ;:tt Ctth; bU ◊jttrµxf

yvrNtMx bilusbUx (çctk"tl) ftu ctun;h ctltlu bU mntg;t 'e stYde.

Emƒu\ yjttJt, Elƒu\ ∏tht çatth bt"gbtU, bkºttjtgtU YJk mhfthe

bnfbtU, ltdrhf yr"tftrhgtU, Yl.se.ytu., Nti÷trKf mkµ:ttytI,

mrbr;gtU ;:tt ◊jttrµxf Wπtud mu mkctkr"t; rJrJ"t ytiπturdf mkdXltU

ƒu\ mt:t mr§\g Áv mu rbjtfh ftgo rfgt stYdt >

47

ç.14 vgtJhK mkctk"te bwætU ƒu\ rjtY ftil rs|Bbu'the jtudt ?

W. 'hymjt, ◊jttrµxf mkctk"te bwætU fe rs|Bbu'the nb mctfe ni. ftuEo

Cte mbts mu mkctkr"t; bwæt nb mCte ftu yvlu mngtud mu mwjtSttlt

ntudt > gn nb mctfe Yf †mtkStt-rs|Bbu'the¥ ni ... rVh attnu Jtu

mhfthe ÔgrÏ; ntU, ldhvtrjtft ntu, faatu btjt ƒu\ rlbto;t ntU,

fLJxmo ntU, Fttπ gt rlse W…vt'l rlbtoo;t ntU hexujtmo ntU gt

rVh WvCttuÏ;t >

Jtµ;J bU Dthujtq ƒq\z|t-fatht fEo mtbrd{gtU ft rbjtt-swjtt Áv ntu;t

ni, rsmbU ◊jttrµxf ft rnµmt ctnw; fb gtle 2% mu Cte fb

Js|l ft ntu;t ni, EmrjtY Em yvrNtMx ƒu\ çctk"tl ytih Emƒu\

rlvxthu fe mctmu yr"tf rs|Bbu'the mhfth fe ni >

yts gn ◊jttrµxf faate mtbd{e ytih viƒu\Rsd rlbtoo;tytU fe

rs|Bbu'the ni rf Ju ytdu ytfh Yumu rfVtg;e Wvtg Wvjtc"t

fhtYk, stu v't:ttuO ft mkh÷tK ytih mkJ"tool fh mƒU\, Qsto fe

ctat; fhU ytih yvrNtµx ft Js|l ytih btºtt fb fh mƒU\ > mt:t

ne Fttπ v't:to ytih rlse Wvgtud ƒu\ v't:ttuO ƒu\ rlbto;t, hexujtmo

YJk WvCttuÏ;tytU ftu Cte ◊jttrµxf vuƒu\Rsd ƒu\ jttCttU fe stlfthe

ntult s|Áhe ni > ELnU ◊jttrµxf ft rlvxtht Em ;hn fhlt attrnY

rf Wmƒu\ fthK vwl& çr§\gt vh rJNtuMt "gtl 'ulu fe mtJ"ttle ftu

ctjt rbjtu >

nbbU mu nh Yf ƒu\ rjtY gn mbStlt ctnw; s|Áhe ni rf nb yvle

ytlu Jtjte verZ|gtU ƒu\ rjtY Yf mwk'h YJk mwhr÷t; vgtoJhK ƒu\ Áv,

Yf ylbtujt rJhtm; Atuz| stYk ytih Emƒu\ rjtY s|Áhe ni rf nb

El vh ybjt fhU&

DtxtYk - Wvgtud fhU - vwl& çr§\gt fhUDtxtYk - Wvgtud fhU - vwl& çr§\gt fhUDtxtYk - Wvgtud fhU - vwl& çr§\gt fhUDtxtYk - Wvgtud fhU - vwl& çr§\gt fhUDtxtYk - Wvgtud fhU - vwl& çr§\gt fhU

ytih yk; bU, nb mct rbjtfh µJefth fhU rf&

◊jttrµxf ƒq\z|t-fhfx ln‰ ... jttud Emu ctlt;u nI.

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slJhe 2006