mohenjo-daro pictures
TRANSCRIPT
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Architecture of Mohenjo-Daro
By: Izhar kasi
4th Semester
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The name ofMohenjo-daro
is widely
recognized asone of the
most important
early cities ofSouth Asia
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Some buildings in L area are constructed on top of a
massive mud brick platform that can be seen here as
grey-olive mud brick below the eroding red fired bricks.
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The Great Bath is situated along a north-south street
with a drain covered with limestone blocks. In the
background is the so-called Granary, while in the
foreground are the walls of several domestic structures.
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The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest public
water tank in the ancient world. Most scholars agree
that this tank would have been used for special
religious functions where water was used to purify andrenew the well being of the bathers.
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At the foot of the stairs is a
small ledge with a brick
edging that extends theentire width of the pool.
People coming down the
stairs could move alongthis ledge without actually
stepping into the pool
itself. Small sockets at the
edges of the stairs could
have held wooden planks
or treads.
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Great
Bath
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This drain cuts through the edge of the so-called granary. If the entire
drain were constructed along with the Great Bath, this feature would
indicate that the original "granary" was built before the great bath
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"Citadel" mound and Stupa in the mist
Local villagers cross the site in a donkey cart in the early
morning mist, with the Buddhist stupa perched on top of the
"citadel" mound. The modern road winds through the low-
lying area between the "citadel" and "lower town."
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Various factors
contributed to
the decline of
Mohenjo-Daro
There have been
some suggestions
that the entire
site wasdestroyed by
floods
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These two local boys
decided to hang out
in the ancient cityafter delivering a pot
of milk to their father
who is one of the sitewatchmen. The
distinctive decorated
hat worn by the older
boy is worn
throughout Sindh
province in Pakistan
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The Indus River and "lower town"
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The tops of eroding buildings have been capped
with a protective layer of mud brick
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This general view of houses shows the color of
the brick walls prior to use of mud brick and clay
slurry for conservation. The lower parts of thewalls have the natural reddish color of fired brick.
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One relatively
successful low costtechnique used to
combat the
destructive nature ofsalts in the fired bricks
is to cover the walls
with a thick layer of
mud and straw plaster
and to spray them
with clay slurry.
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Some of the later houses were constructed on
top of massive deposits of garbage consisting of
brick rubble, broken pottery.
Cl i f th ill d h ll hi h h
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Close-up view of the pillared hall, which may have
been a hall of assembly with paved walkways and
places for people to sit in ordered rows along each
aisle between massive brick pillars
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A large open space or courtyard (10 meters square) is surrounded by a
wall that had 13 openings, possibly for windows. This unique structure is
situated in the northern part of an extremely large building complex
containing around 78 rooms and passageways, but no well. The buildinglies to the east of the Great Bath and was thought to be a "college" or
residence of priests.
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Many houses had stairs
leading to upper
courtyards of the building
or to a second floor. This
house in HR area had a
double staircase thatwould allow people to
enter and exit the upper
courtyard in an orderly
fashion. Some scholarsfeel this may have been a
palace or a temple.
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House A1 may have been a temple or palace of an
important leader. Two doorways lead to a narrow
courtyard at a lower level. A double staircase leads to
an upper courtyard surrounded by several rooms.
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Toilets would have been an
essential feature in Mohenjo-
daro, but the early excavatorsidentified most toilets as post-
cremation burial urns or sump
pots. This brick structure had
a hole in the top that wasconnected to a small drain
leading out of the base into a
rectangular basin (not
reconstructed). Early
excavators suggested this
might have been a toilet.
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In some neighborhoods, large courtyards were
connected to numerous smaller buildings built at
different levels.
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This view into two smallrooms shows tapered
walls that were built to
support a second floor.
Later rooms were built
directly on top of these
walls because they
provided a strongfoundation.
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The original walls in a large building complex referred to as
the Chiefos house have been repaired and conserved. This
view shows some reconstructed ground floor rooms and
steps leading to a second story room
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Oxcarts could
not reach manyof the urban
neighborhoods.
Pack animals
and pedestrians
could have usedthis narrow lane.
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The streets
and alleyways
wind through
the
neighborhoodand are
orientedalong a strict
grid plan.
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Covered Drain emptying down slope on major
street leading to the Great Bath.
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Wells were made with wedge shaped bricks to make a
strong circular structure. Some bricks were made with
special grooves to keep the ropes from sliding
sideways when drawing water.
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This oval well is
located in room 19
northeast of Great
Bath. It is the only
well with an oval
structure and may
have been used to
draw water for
nearby bathingplatforms or for filling
the Great Bath.
Thi ll i d i h fi l
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This well was associated with a finely
constructed bathing platform. A stairway leads
up to the well and platform from a lower room.