molbiol 2011-09-reparation-recombination
TRANSCRIPT
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DNA repair
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Mutations
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The Ames Test
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The repair systems
• Mainly, the undamaged complementary strand acts as a template for the DNA polymerases involved in repair– Mismatch repair
– Base excision repair
– Nucleotide excision repair
– Direct repair
– Recombinational repair
– Error-prone repair
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Mismatch repair
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Mismatch mechanism
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Mutations in mut proteins?
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Base excision repair
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Repairing apurinic and apyrimidinic
sites
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Nucleotide excision
repair
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Mutations in excision
repair systems
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Direct repair
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Methyltransferase
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When both strands are damaged
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SOS system
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Recombination
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Recombination• Three forms
– Homologous
– Site specific recombination
– Transposition
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Recombinational repair
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DNA replication stalled because of lesion
Replication continues
Repair
Recombination
Blockade
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Replication following a break
Blockade
Recombination
Reseal
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Meiotic recombination
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Recombination between homologous a chromosomes
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Recombination permits genetic
mappingIf each recombinant occurs at 2.5%, then the total map distance is 5% or 5 m.u.
1
2
3
Generation
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The simple minded
mechanism (incorrect) of
meiotic recombination
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Gene conversion indicates that another mechanism must be operable
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Gene conversion on a molecular level
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The mechanism of homologous recombination
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The topology
of the Holliday structure
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Resolution of the Holliday structure
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Non-identical sequences
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The enzymes of recombination
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Rec A
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Site specific recombination
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Site specific recombination within one molecule
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Use of recombinase to
resolve a dimeric genome
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Transposition
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Direct transposition
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Replicative transposition
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Retroviruses