molecular compounds
DESCRIPTION
Chemical Bonding. Molecular Compounds. A. Energy of Bond Formation. Potential Energy based on position of an object low PE = high stability. no interaction. increased attraction. A. Energy of Bond Formation. Potential Energy Diagram. attraction vs. repulsion. increased repulsion. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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C. Johannesson I II III IV
Chemical Bonding
Molecular Compounds
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C. Johannesson
A. Energy of Bond FormationPotential Energy
based on position of an object low PE =
high stability
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C. Johannesson
no interaction
attraction vs. repulsion
increased attraction
A. Energy of Bond FormationPotential Energy Diagram
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C. Johannesson
balanced attraction & repulsion
increased repulsion
attraction vs. repulsion
A. Energy of Bond FormationPotential Energy Diagram
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C. Johannesson
Bond Energy
A. Energy of Bond Formation
Bond Length
Bond Energy Energy required to break a bond
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C. Johannesson
A. Energy of Bond FormationBond Energy
Short bond = high bond energy
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C. Johannesson
B. Lewis StructuresElectron Dot Diagrams
show valence e- as dots distribute dots like arrows
in an orbital diagram 4 sides = 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals EX: oxygen
2s 2pO
X
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C. Johannesson
B. Lewis StructuresOctet Rule
Most atoms form bonds in order to obtain 8 valence e-
Full energy level stability ~ Noble Gases
Ne
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C. Johannesson
+ -
+
B. Lewis StructuresNonpolar Covalent - no charges
Polar Covalent - partial charges
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C. Johannesson
C. Molecular NomenclaturePrefix System (binary compounds)
1. Less e-neg atom comes first.
2. Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omit mono- prefix on first element.
3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.
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C. Johannesson
PREFIXmono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-
NUMBER12345678910
C. Molecular Nomenclature
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C. Johannesson
CCl4
N2O
SF6
carbon tetrachloride
dinitrogen monoxide
sulfur hexafluoride
C. Molecular Nomenclature
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C. Johannesson
arsenic trichloride
dinitrogen pentoxide
tetraphosphorus decoxide
AsCl3
N2O5
P4O10
C. Molecular Nomenclature
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C. Johannesson
N O FClBrI
H
C. Molecular NomenclatureThe Seven Diatomic Elements
Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2