Molecules and LifeMolecules and Life

SWBAT list the four categories of molecules that are SWBAT list the four categories of molecules that are essential to life; give an example of a carbohydrate; tell essential to life; give an example of a carbohydrate; tell what structures make up proteins; name the two major what structures make up proteins; name the two major

types of nucleic acids; give two major uses of lipids; types of nucleic acids; give two major uses of lipids; describe enzymes and discuss some of their functionsdescribe enzymes and discuss some of their functions

Smaller than a cell. . .Smaller than a cell. . .

What are the smallest structures in cells What are the smallest structures in cells called? called? Molecules Molecules

What are molecules made up of?What are molecules made up of?Atoms Atoms

4 General Categories 4 General Categories

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates ProteinsProteins Nucleic acidsNucleic acids Lipids (fats)Lipids (fats)

What are they used for? What are they used for? Building cellsBuilding cells Storing energyStoring energy Regulating cell activityRegulating cell activity Storing genetic informationStoring genetic information

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Furnish the body with its main source of Furnish the body with its main source of energy glucose (blood sugar)energy glucose (blood sugar)

In our diets we get three types:In our diets we get three types:Refined or processed sugars (sucrose) Refined or processed sugars (sucrose)

Examples: candy, soda, tastycakesExamples: candy, soda, tastycakesNaturally occurring sugars Examples: Naturally occurring sugars Examples:

fruits, veggies, milk productsfruits, veggies, milk productsComplex carbohydrates Example: Pasta, Complex carbohydrates Example: Pasta,

bread, cerealbread, cereal

ProteinsProteins

Proteins are the body’s building materialsProteins are the body’s building materialsOur cells are primarily made of protein Our cells are primarily made of protein

(skin, organs, hair, muscle, nails, etc.)(skin, organs, hair, muscle, nails, etc.)Essential for growth and repairEssential for growth and repairFound in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs, beans Found in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs, beans

and tofuand tofuBuilding Blocks: amino acidsBuilding Blocks: amino acids

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Contain all the instructions that living cells Contain all the instructions that living cells need to make proteins and maintain liveneed to make proteins and maintain live

Made up of nucleotidesMade up of nucleotidesTwo major typesTwo major types

DNADNARNARNA

Lipids (fats)Lipids (fats)

Found in fats, oils and waxesFound in fats, oils and waxesNeeded for: Needed for:

stored energy stored energy Protects organsProtects organs Stores some vitaminsStores some vitamins

Building Blocks – Building Blocks –

glycerol + 3 fatty acidsglycerol + 3 fatty acids

QuestionsQuestions What atoms are carbohydrates primarily made up of? What atoms are carbohydrates primarily made up of?

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogenCarbon, oxygen, and hydrogen Give an example of a carbohydrate.Give an example of a carbohydrate.

Sugar or Glucose Sugar or Glucose What do proteins do in living cells?What do proteins do in living cells?

Store food and contract for movementStore food and contract for movement What are the structures that make up a protein called? What are the structures that make up a protein called?

Amino acidsAmino acids What are the two major types of nucleic acids? What are the two major types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNADNA and RNA What are the two major uses of lipids? What are the two major uses of lipids?

Store energy and create boundaries Store energy and create boundaries

CelluloseCellulose

Cellulose is made by plantsCellulose is made by plantsDietary fiber is mostly celluloseDietary fiber is mostly celluloseSome animals (such as cows) have Some animals (such as cows) have

special structures or processes to digest special structures or processes to digest cellulosecellulose

Linen and cotton are made of celluloseLinen and cotton are made of celluloseCellophane and many plastics are made of Cellophane and many plastics are made of

cellulosecellulose

EnzymesEnzymes

Are proteins which act as a catalystAre proteins which act as a catalystCatalyst- start or speed up a chemical Catalyst- start or speed up a chemical

reactionreaction

1.1. Enzymes are specific in their actions Enzymes are specific in their actions Example: saliva acts on starchExample: saliva acts on starch

Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in mouthmouth

2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction