mole–mass and mole–volume relationships -...
TRANSCRIPT
2/21/15
1
Slide 1 of 39
chemistry
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 39
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
How can you guess the number of jelly beans in a jar? You estimate the size of a jelly bean and then estimate the dimensions of the container to obtain its volume. In a similar way, chemists use the relationships between the mole and quantities such as mass, volume, and number of particles to solve chemistry problems.
10.2
2/21/15
2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
>
Slide 3 of 39
The Mole–Mass Relationship
The Mole–Mass Relationship
How do you convert the mass of a substance to the number of moles of the substance?
10.2
Slide 4 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Mass Relationship
Use the molar mass of an element or compound to convert between the mass of a substance and the moles of a substance.
10.2
2/21/15
3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 5 of 39
10.5
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 6 of 39
10.5
2/21/15
4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 7 of 39
10.5
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 8 of 39
10.5
2/21/15
5
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 9 of 39
10.6
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 10 of 39
10.6
2/21/15
6
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 11 of 39
10.6
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 12 of 39
10.6
2/21/15
7
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
>
Slide 13 of 39
The Mole–Volume Relationship
The Mole–Volume Relationship
What is the volume of a gas at STP?
10.2
Slide 14 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Volume Relationship
Avogadro’s hypothesis states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
10.2
2/21/15
8
Slide 15 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Volume Relationship
The volume of a gas varies with temperature and pressure. Because of these variations, the volume of a gas is usually measured at a standard temperature and pressure.
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) means a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm).
10.2
Slide 16 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Volume Relationship
At STP, 1 mol or, 6.02 × 1023 representative particles, of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.
The quantity 22.4 L is called the molar volume of a gas.
10.2
2/21/15
9
Slide 17 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Volume Relationship
Calculating Volume at STP
10.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 18 of 39
10.7
2/21/15
10
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 19 of 39
10.7
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 20 of 39
10.7
2/21/15
11
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 21 of 39
10.7
Slide 22 of 39
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole–Volume Relationship
Calculating Molar Mass from Density
10.2
2/21/15
12
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 23 of 39
10.8
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 24 of 39
10.8
2/21/15
13
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 25 of 39
10.8
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 26 of 39
10.8
2/21/15
14
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 27 of 39
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole Road Map 10.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 28 of 39
Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships
> The Mole Road Map 10.2