mollusk review. name one of the three classes of mollusks you learned about. gastropods,...
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MOLLUSK Review
Name one of the three classes of mollusks you learned about.
Gastropods, cephalopods, Bivalves
The free swimming ciliated larva found in most aquatic mollusks is called a _________________Trochophore
The space around the heart is called the _____________ space (cavity).pericardial
In mollusks the heart and organs for digestion, excretion, and reproduction are found in this body region.
Visceral mass
The octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus belong to this group ofMollusks.
cephalopods
This bump on the dorsal surface of a clam near the hinge is the _______
umbo
Pigment cells in the outer mantlelayer in cephalopods that can changecolor for camouflage.
chromatophores
Identify the colored structures.
Anterior & posterioradductor muscles
The nervous system in a clam consistsof _____________________________3 pairs of ganglia
connected by 2 pairs of nerve cords
Type of body cavity found inmollusks.
No coelom pseudocoelom eucoelom
eucoelom
The powerful muscles that open andclose a clam shell are the ___________
Adductor muscles (posterior and anterior)
Identify the body system each organ belongs to:
Kidney __________________
Testes/ovary ____________________
Gills ___________________
Digestive gland ___________________
Ganglia ____________________
Heart ____________________
Excretory
Reproductive
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
Circulatory
What keeps water moving over the gills in a clam?
Cilia on gills move water
A flexible tongue-like strip of tissuecovered with tough, abrasive teeth that point backwards found in some mollusks.
radula
Compare Digestive and Nitrogen waste
DIGESTIVE WASTE
NITROGEN WASTE
Made where?
Comes from?
Removed by what body system?
Leaves body as?
In digestive tract By body cells
Digestive Excretory
Feces ammonia, urea, OR uric acid
Left over from breakdown of proteinsundigested food during metabolism
This structure is the _____________intestine
Only cephalopod with a shell
Chambered nautilus
Name the group of mollusks that does NOT have a radula.
bivalves
Layer of epidermis lining theshell of a clam
mantle
#2 = ________________________Anterior adductor muscle
#3 = _______________________gills
#1
#2
#3
The process during larval development in which the visceral mass in gastropods twists around 180º bringing the mantle cavity, gills, and anus to the front of the animal.
torsion
Clams have a(n)__________ circulatory system.
Open Closed
open
This part of the clam secretes the shell.
mantle
Mollusks have _________ symmetry. None radial bilateral
bilateral
Fertilization in clams is __________
internal external both
both
Depends on species- in freshwater clams its usually internalin marine (ocean) clams its external
Identify this structure
heart
The circulatory fluid (blood) in a mollusk is called _______________
hemolymph
Respiratory organ in clams.
gills
The flaps that wave to move food up toward the mouth are called
___________________palps
The organ that passes through the pericardial cavity and lies under the heart is the __________________intestine
The space between the mantle and the visceral mass.
Mantle cavity
Which group of mollusks does NOT have a shell? Bivalves cephalopods gastropods
cephalopods
Organisms that stay in one place and don’t move around are called ___________________Sessile
Tell an advantage of having a coelom compared to a pseudocoelom.1. Muscles of body wall are separate from those of gut. (Can move and digest at same time)
2. Coelom provides space for circulatory system to transport blood3. Provides a space for organs
Mollusks are _______________ vertebrates invertebrates
invertebrates
mantle
This blue structure secretes the shell.
Which group of mollusks is mainly sessile?Bivalves gastropods cephalopods
bivalves
T or F Most clams are hermaphrodites like earthworms.
False; most clams have separate sexes
________________ in a mollusk’s shell makes it hard.Calcium carbonate
An organism with a true coelom is called a ______________.eucoelomate
Identify this structure.
foot
Clams and oysters belong to this group of mollusks.Bivalves gastropods cephalopods
Bivalves
This structure
starts digestion and grinds food.
stomach
Cephalopods are the only molluskswith a ___________ circulatory system. open closed
closed
Fertilization in cephalopods isinternal external
Internal; Males use a specialized tentacle to transfer packets of sperm to the mantle cavity of the female
Only mollusk group that develops fromegg to juvenile without becoming atrochophore larva.
cephalopods
Snails and slugs belong to this group of mollusks.bivalves cephalopods gastropods
gastropods
Name one of the functions of the gills in a clam.
1. Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
2. Trap food particles
This opening is the _________.Anus
Name part that belongs to each body system:
Excretory __________________
Digestive ____________________
Muscular ___________________
Nervous ___________________
Circulatory ____________________
kidney
Palps, Esophagus, stomach, digestive gland, intestine, anus
Adductors, foot
Ganglia, nerve cords
Heart, hemolymph, hemocoel
This is the ________________________.Digestive gland
Another word that means shell is___________ .valve
Type of circulatory system in whichblood is NOT enclosed in vessels
open
Tell one body part you might look for if you wanted to tell direction in a clam.UMBO- it’s on the dorsal sideFOOT- triangle points to the anterior endPALPS- at anterior endSIPHONS- at posterior end
Which group of mollusks haschromatophores that can change color to blend in with the surroundings?
cephalopods
Why does the surface of the gills have ridges?
Increases surface area to absorb more oxygen & catch more food
The excretory organ in a clam is the nephridia kidney flame cells
kidney
This is the____________________
Incurrentsiphon
This organ surrounds the stomachand makes digestive enzymes.
Digestive gland
How does a trochophore larva swim?
Ring of cilia around middle help it move
Body system that removes nitrogen waste from the body cells
digestive nervous excretory respiratoryexcretory
#1 = ________________________foot
#2 = _______________________mantle
#1
#2
In a clam the coelom mainly surrounds the heart and is called the______________ cavity.pericardial
Organisms that strain food from the water like clams are called _________.
predators filter feeders scavengers autotrophs
Filter feeders
These are located
on the surface of the clam’s shell and can help tell it’s age. Growth rings
This part of the clamis the ____________foot
Name a part of the nervous system in a clam
Ganglia OR nerve cord
This opening is located near theexcurrent siphon so waste is washedaway
anus
#1 = ________________________Posterior adductor muscle
#3 = _______________________mantle
#1
#2
#3
This is the ____________
____________
Excurrentsiphon
Organ in a clam is where nutrients are absorbed.
Digestive gland
Most organisms in this class of mollusks have 1 shell (or none)
gastropods
PHYLUM that clams, octopus, slugs, and snails belong to
MOLLUSCA OR Mollusk
Tell one way the nervous system in a clam is like that of an earthworm
Both have gangliaBoth have a nerve cord (clam has 2 pairs)
Tell one way the reproductive systemin a clam is different from an earthworm
Earthworms Clams hermaphrodites have 2 sexes (male & female) direct development indirect development (larva) external fertilization internal/external fertilization
The 3 functions of the digestive gland are to __________________
Make digestive enzymes (bile)Finish digestionAbsorb nutrients
The excretory organ in a clam is the______________kidney
This space you see when you opened your clam is called the ________________
Coelom pericardial space mantle cavity
mantle cavity
The intestine runs through the space shown and is covered by the _________
HEARTHEART
The function of the palps is to __________________Move food to the mouth
The ____________ end of the clam is closest to the umbo.
Anterior Posterior
anterior
Identify the body part by its description:bump on dorsal side of shell______________
Edge of shell shortest distance from umbo______________________
Tissue that lies on top of tuberunning through pericardial space ___________________
Lines on clam shell ___________________
Layer lining shell ____________________
umbo
anterior
heart
Growth rings
Mantle
The function of the gills is to __________________A. remove oxygen from water
B. filter food particlesC. make digestive enzymes
D. excrete nitrogen waste
Both A & B are correct
Clams belong in the______________ Kingdom______________ Phylum______________ Class
Animalia
Mollusca (mollusks)Bivalvia (bivalves)
Identify the function of each body part:Adductor muscles__________________
intestine ____________________
Gills ___________________
Digestive gland ___________________
Palps ____________________
Heart ____________________
Mantle ________________________
Open and close shell
Collect and remove digestive waste
Exchange gases & trap food
Make digestive enzymes to break down food; finish digestion; absorb nutrients
Move food up from gills to mouth
Pump hemolymph (blood)
Makes shell
True OR False
Clams show cephalization.FALSE No true head area- Ganglia/sense organs are spread out throughout body not concentrated in head
Tube that connects the mouth and the stomach in a clam
esophagus
The excretory organ in clams is the __________________kidney
In Latin the name Mollusca means________________.
soft two filter little body shells feeder rings
“soft body”
Identify the body part by its description:looks like a piece spaghetti inside visceral mass __________________
Greenish brown area in anterior end ____________________
White fans in front of gills ___________________
Long flat structure with ridges (stripes) thatruns along side of clam ___________________
intestine
Digestive gland
palps
gills
Type of symmetry seen in clams
bilateral
Clams, oysters, octopus, snails, and squid belong to the PHYLUM _______________Mollusca
Kind of circulatory system seen in an octopus:
open closed
Mollusks are _______________
invertebrates vertebrates
Closed
All other mollusks have an open system
Invertebrates (no backbone)
Clams show __________ development
direct indirect
indirect They hatch as trochophore larvae and change into their adult form
In Latin the name Bivalvia means________________.
soft two filter little body shells feeder rings
“2 shells”
What causes oxygen and carbon dioxide to move into and out of a clam?
Diffusion moves molecules from wherethere is a HIGH concentration to where there is a LOW concentration
Why do gills have ridges?
Increases surface area
What is the disadvantage of an
OPEN circulatory system?
Less efficient way to transport nutrients and oxygen
High and low oxygen blood mixWhy is it a good plan for a clam to haveits anus near the excurrent siphon?
Washes away digestive waste
TELL WHICH BODY SYSTEM EACH PART BELONGS TO
gills __________________________
Ganglia _________________
heart___________________
kidney _________________
adductors ____________________
intestine ____________________
respiratory
nervous
circulatory
excretory
musculardigestive
MOLLUSKS are _____________
protostomes deuterostomes
protostomes
Give an example of a mollusk thatis a bivalve
Clams, oysters, scallops
Match the Mollusk with its CLASS
Clams, oysters, scallops ___________
Squid, octopus, chambered nautilus ______________
Snails, slugs, conchs,Nudibranchs ______________
BIVALVIA
CEPHALOPODA
GASTROPODA
With a few exceptions:
Bivalves have _____ shell(s)
Gastropods have _____ shell(s)
Cephalopods have ____ shell(s)
2
Most 1 few 0
0(Except nautilus)
Name 3 body systems that use the mantle cavity as an exit
Digestive-anus releases feces hereExcretory- Kidney releases urea hereReproductive- sperm and eggs are released here (external)Or sperm and eggs join here and larva exits (internal)
Respiratory also uses this space- gills are located here
COMPARE:
Earthworms Clams
RESPIRATORY
CIRCULATORY
NERVOUS
gills
Aortic archesclosed
Breathe through skin
heartopen
1 pr cerebral ganglia 1 ventral nerve cord
3 pr ganglia 2 pr nerve cords
COMPARE:
Earthworms Clams
COELOM ?
Absorbs nutrients?
EXCRETORY
True; pericardial cavity
intestine
true
Digestivegland
nephridia kidney
TELL 3 characteristics of ALL Mollusks
invertebrates
protostomes
Soft bodies
Bilateral symmetry
trochophore larvae (if indirect)
eucoelomates
Name the colored structure:
palps
Give its function:
Move food trapped on gills up to mouth
Name the colored structure:
mantle
Give its function:
Secrete shell
Name the colored structure:
foot
Give its function:
locomotion
Name the colored structure:
Visceralmass
Give its function:
Contains body organs
Name the colored structure:
heart
Give its function:
Pump hemolymph (blood)
Name the colored structure:
Pericardial cavity(space)
This could also be called the _____________coelom
Name the colored structure:
Digestivegland
Give its functions:
Make bile, finish digestion, absorb nutrients
Name the colored structure:
anus
It is the exit opening for whichBody system?
digestive