Project Report On

…………………………………………………………………………………

Submitted to

Dezyne E’cole College towards the

Partial Fulfilment for the awards of

Bachelor’s Degree in Fashion Technology

Submitted by

MONIKA JHA

Bachelor

In Fashion Technology

Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer

2013-2014

Address: - 106/10, civil lines, Ajmer.

Tel. No. : - 0145-2624679

Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer

2013-2014.

This Project of Ms. has been checked and every aspect of the design developed has been seen and overall grade is:-

Signature: - Place:-

Name: - Date:-

Content

Acknowledgment

Institute Profile

Fashion Industry

History of Design Education in India

Fashion industry skills In Me

My Working Places

Art of Color

Fashion terminology

Fabric Knowledge

Fabric manipulation

Pattern engineering

Illustrations

Corel draw

Year End Project

Bibliography

Tank You

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Fashion is an ever changing area where each and every person wants to look good. Fashion adoption reflects the personality and image of the

person in the society and in peer group. “Fashion” usually is the newest creation made by designers.

I am deeply grateful to all those whose guidance has been of tremendous value and enabled me to complete this project successfully.

I am thankful to all my mentors of Dezyne E’cole College who gave me an opportunity to show my abilities by working on this project on the

esteem organization and also helped me to come up with various innovative ideas which added more volume to this project.

Monika Jha

Bachelor in Fashion Technology.

INSTITUTE PROFILE

Today Dezyne E’cole College has emerged as a leader with the ability to integrate knowledge, academic freedom, independence and creative

thinking. A history of being in existence for 5 years in Ajmer stands as a testimony to our fundamental where academic excellence lies at the

core. The college has stood as a beacon of serious critical engagement, a key enabler in developing competent professionals in the field of

design, management and Information technology. Dezyne E’cole College started in the year 2008 with only 4 rooms and with the strength of 10

students enrolled in the fashion and interior design Diploma program. In the year 2009 the school was granted bachelor and master degree in

Fashion and Interior Design by Punjab Technical University.

Further the college was given the authority by government of Rajasthan in the year 2010 the use the world college and since the Dezyne E’cole

College became the name. In the year 2011 college expanded further and was declared a regular college with the granting of authority by the

University of Ajmer. This leads to the expansion of college and addition of 2 more courses with Dezyne E’cole College, the department of

Management leading to award of degree in bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and Information Technology leads to award of Bachelor

degree in Computer Application was added. In the year 2013 college was granted regular college in bachelor and master degree in Fashion and

Interior Design by Mewar Technical University. From then until now, Dezyne E’cole College has scaled high academic standard.

The faculty resource of the college has grown into a community of leading practitioners, education enthusiasts, entrepreneur’s creative thinkers,

researchers and analyst. Through its journey Dezyne E’cole has achieved strong academic strategy. Invigorating through leadership, research

stimulus, industry focus, creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the college academic bedrock. Forecasting a new generation of

creative thinkers, today the college is empowered to award degrees in undergraduate, post graduate studies in the field of Fashion, Interior,

Management and Information Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class learning universities. The college has been committed to

academic excellence in education. The vision of the college embraces challenges and provides the impetus in setting highest academic standards.

Dezyne E’cole Continues to strive to be nothing but the best.

Why fashion??

Fashion is more than wearing good clothes it is about presenting a person’s image in the society, we generally wee people accepting fashion due

to the peer pressure, image in the society and when a person wants a change to brighten his life. There are many reasons we wear what we wear.

Protection from cold, rain and snow:-mountain climbers wear high-tech outerwear to avoid frostbite and over-exposure.

Physical attraction: - many styles are worn to inspire “chemistry”.

Emotions: - we dress “up” when we’re happy and “down” when we’re upset.

Religious expression: - Orthodox Jewish men wear long black suits and Islamic women cover every part of their body except their

eyes.

Identification and tradition: - judges wear robes, people in the military wear uniforms, brides wear long white dresses.

WHAT IS FASHION

Fashion that appears today is different from what is existed in the past. If we see the prehistoric time we began with wearing animals skins to

cover ourselves from the heat and the cold weather conditions. Fashion is something we deal with every day. Even people who say they don’t

care what they wear choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One certain thing in the fashion world is

change.

HISTORY OF FASHION

The clothes during that time were stitched with the sinuses of animals which worked as threads and the bones acted as needles, slowly as time

passed on, people discovered the fiber and the weaving. This can be clearly seen from excavation of mohanjodharo hadhppa. The bust of a Shawl

Clad man centers. From that time to a time in Europe and America that is from the 17th century to the present emphasizing the last 100 years, we

find fashion to be well developed.

In the early 18th century France, dominated the international fashion was worn only by the Royal people, due to which it because one of the cause

for the French revolution of 1789. After this period we find tremendous change in the fashion industry. There was the birth of the first Sewing

Machine at the same time textile industry grew up.

Textile mills were established to produce clothes in America and New England in 1814. Francis Cavort Lowell developed the power looms and

by 1847 we had new people working in textile than any other industry in America. This led to the growth of the middle class both economic and

social. They started spending money in the luxury of life, better clothing, money give the new middle class, and this led to the development of

business and society, also influence fashion trends and it was from here fashion become a Status symbol and visual means of the show off wealth.

FASHION INDUSTRY

It was during this time men adopted business suits and women dress code was elaborated. At first fashion was a cottage industry but soon the

readymade market grew up and the same time the mass production development. The first department store developed in the year 1826 and

slowly after these mere changes was developed due to growth in communication, leisure activities and advancement in industry technology.

The retail industry expended day by day and the early 20th century saw a growth of specialty stores which led to the expansion of chain stores

example: JC Penny in 1912. During the same time the Indian Fashion Industry was developed but it was in the nascent stage.

Today this industry has grown up and people have understood what fashion is and why we require fashion. Every person wants to dress up and

look good. Million and thousands of people are depend on this industry and working towards giving the latest and the best to the people.

The government has taken steps to develop this area to educate of nurture designing. Government also took initiative to educate people in the

field of designing as this industry required formal education to give better fashion to the customers; government initiated the opening of NID and

NIFT (Ministry of HDP).

NIFT (National Institute of fashion technology) is a fashion institute in India. It was set up in 1986 under the aegis of the Ministry of Textiles,

Government of India and is an institution of design, management and technology for the international fashion business. NIFT is the founder

member of “Fashion School’s Foundation of the World “, which comprises 34 fashion schools worldwide. With its head office in New Delhi,

NIFT has centers at Mumbai, Kolkata, Kangra, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Raebareli, Patna , Shillong , Bhopal,

Mangattuparambu, Bhubaneswar and Jodhpur where it offers four-year bachelor and two – year master programs in the areas of Design ,

Management and Technology.

NID (National Institute of Design) is a design school in India. The institute functions as an autonomous body under the department of

Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. NID is recognized by the department of Scientific

and Industrial Research (DSIR) under Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, as a scientific and industrial design research

organization.

History of Design Education in India

1840: The first art schools in the country came up in the 1800’s Bombay Art school (1857) (now known as Sir JJ School of Arts); MSU, school

of Arts, Baroda (1887); college of Arts, Kolkata (1884); etc. The schools in addition to academic programs in fine art included courses in

pottery, title making, metal crafts, etc., later on the 1950’s. There institutes programmed in graphic design (named commercial/applied arts)

catering to the media and publishing industry in the country.

1913: Kala Bhavana, the Art College was conceived as part of Shantiniketan – a University setup by the Tagore family. The school also has a

Shilpa Sadana – a center for rural craft, technology and design.

1922: Rabindranath Tagore visits Barhaus School at Wincer, Germany in 1921 meets with Paul Klee, Welter Gropius and other invites them to

send an exhibition to India. In 1922 the Barhaus exhibition was bought to Kolkata and exhibited at the Indian society for oriented arts in Kolkata

works by Klee Itten, Kandinsky and their students were exhibited, Rabindranath Tagore known the significance of Barhaus.

1958: Charles and Roy Eames invited by the government of India recommendation for a training programs to support small industries they want

around the country talking to experts and observing centers of craft and studying the local industry their recommendation resulted in “The India

Design Report.”

1960: Based on the Report be Charles and Roy Eames the government of India setup “The National Institute of Design” in Ahmadabad, the

school started with programs in basic design and a few years later with programs in industrial design and visual communication.

1962-70: NID invited many well-known designers to its campus many of them spent significant time at the school teaching and designing

Adrian Fruitier.

1969: Industrial designs were setup by the government of India under the auspicious of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. IDC at IIT

Bombay initiated the post graduate programs in industrial design.

1982-85: Under the United Nations development program, industrial design center invited design educator such as – Crui Snosippe, Kohie

Sugiqra (teachers at the UIM School in Germany), Arthur Pulos (USA), and Ettore Sotsass (from Italy) and others. They spend 1 to 6 interacting,

teaching and doing design projects at IDC, IIT Bombay.

1985: The modern of education at IDC, IIT Bombay was adopted by other IIT’s and the Indian institute of science in Bangalore these institutes

started offering post graduate studies in product design-IIT Delhi (1985) IISC Bangalore(1990), IIT Kanpur(2004).

1987: The ministry of textile setup the National Institute of Fashion Technology in Delhi. The school started program in fashion, accessories and

life style products catering to the needs of the fashion industry in India.

1997: The newly formed Indian Institute of Technology at IIT Guwahati with the support of the Industrial Design Center at IIT Bombay

introduced at Fully Fledged Department of design (DOD) with B Des, M Des and Doctoral Degree.

1998: The ministry of crafts initiated the “Craft Institute of India” at Jaipur, with assistant from the National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad.

The Institute offers a pregame in crafts and designs.

1999: Late nineties (containing with market reforms and opening up of the Indian Economy) saw the start of the private design schools in India.

Seminars and Round Tables on ‘Design Education in India’

1979: UNIDO-ICSID-India meets on ‘Design for Development’ at NID Ahmedabad and IIT Bombay.

1994: Seminar ‘Design Education UIM and after’ conduct by the industrial design Centre at IIT Bombay.

2002: Seminar ‘Design Education Tradition and Modernity-DEIM’ conduct by the National Institute of Design at Ahmedabad.

2006: Industry- Academic Roundtables and Feedback on ‘Interaction design and Animation Design’ curriculum development held at the

Industry Design Centre IIT Bombay.

2007: National Graphic Design Educational meet held during the event ‘Isograds Design Week in India’s at IDC, IIT Bombay.

Apart from them many colleges and government state universities started providing communication, formal education. The degree program,

Master’s Degree program in Fashion Designing apart from the diploma program. This led to employment in the fashion industry so that people

could wear better designed clothes. Many foreign brands of fashion existed in India today to give latest fashion example: Levis, Benetton etc. All

these company provides their design to the customers because of the Indian Design Market is suffering. This industry requires some youngsters

with proper design development skills to bring the Indian design industry upon the Global market. Seen all the above area, I have compiled my project to bring notice what is my Idea of design and the skill set which I possessed.

FASHION INDUSTRY SKILLS IN ME

Fashion Design industry is a very vast industry, it is gaining popularity day by day as people are spending more on how they look. The economic

status of the Indian youngsters are improving and boys and boys and girls are very conscious about their career. They have started working the

moment they graduate, this has led towards making the youngsters concentrate on their appearance. They have started paying attention to how

they look and what they wear. A number of brands of fashion are operating in the market to provide same to them and the fashion industry has

started paying attention to the basic level of fabric and its finishes like shrink resistant, crease resistant, fragrance induced.

These fabrics are then used for designing garments. This industry work on a very high pressure and create any dress one has to pay attention to

shortest lead time. If lead time is not paid attention the dress created will not be in fashion any more. Seeing the points discussed here which are

only few in this industry and has a team of people working to give the client, the dress he purchases.

I Monika Jha, a part of this industry, the Fashion Designer Industry. I am training myself through formal education as a student of Master’s

degree program along with the technical skills needed by the industry. To work in this industry I need to present my skills to the industry

experts.

This project is an outcome of the skills that I have learnt during my 1 year diploma program in Fashion Technology and 1 year of Bachelor of

Science in Fashion Technology (B.Sc. FT).

MY WORKING PLACES

In all the below photographs I have shown the places where I use to innovate my ideas in designing. All these places helped me in my designing

procedure. The Dezyne E’cole library helped me to keep myself update with upcoming trends and also allowed me to grab all the knowledge of

designing. The Drafting, Draping, Stitching and Sketching Lab helped me to design my ideas on 2D form and 3D stand. Technical Lab where I

worked on Advance Designing Soft wares like Corel Draw, Orbito Pattern Designer on which advance 2D and 3D simulation of garment can be

seen. Stitching Lab helped me in transformation of 2D garment into 3D through Electronic Stitching Machine. Material Lab is a place where I

look a feel of the fabric available in the market. All these areas helped me a lot to learn designing from basic to innovative areas.

ART OF COLOURS

Design means to create, innovate, from the basic levels of working and to excel this field. I started my basic from learning the art of how we are

attracted by anything, how a person pays attention towards any design, that is the vibrant world of colors. I mastered the art of color

combinations emphasis was paid on the various color as to how they provide an optical illusion on the human body and how can we effectively

use this feature of colors to create an impactful image. Colors make us feel a certain way. Think about the feeling, flavor or emotion we would

like our dress to convey. Colors can influence our emotions, our actions and hoe we respond to various people, things and ideas. Much has been

studied and written about color and its impact on our daily lives.

There are some of my work of colors which I had done during my studies.

Elements of Design

Elements of designs are those components which the designer employ to form an art or design. Understanding these elements and using them in

different ways enables the designer to produce different art and visual effects.

Elements of design are:

Dot

Line

Shapes and Forms

Patterns

Movements

Colour

Texture

Principals of Design

Every design demands arranging of its components in manners which are best dictated by certain principles. These principles of design guide

the arrangement of elements of design to make it a good piece of art. It is important for any artist or designer to arrange the elements in a

pleasing manner. Hence, knowledge and understanding of these principles is important.

The principles of design are:-

1. Repetition

2. Gradation

3. Harmony

4. Dominance

5. Balance

6. Contrast

7. Radiation

8. Proportion

9. Rhythm

10. Unity

Repetition

When any element of design- dot, line, shape, color, texture is used more than once in a garment, repetition occurs. It makes the eye move over

the design, hence is directional. This movement united the design. Human body has symmetry, hence the garment elements are also placed in

some symmetry, example sleeves, pockets, collar lapels. Buttons, trims and embroidery on a garment can also have symmetry. Repetition cab be

of various types. It could be regular, irregular, inverted, alternate or parallel

Harmony

When one or more qualities of the design are similar, harmony occurs between them. These similar features are repeated on the garment.

Tones of same hue create harmony if put together. White and black can be made harmonious through adding gray with it. The design elements

can create harmony by linking with the mood of the garment

Contrast

A contrast occurs when two or more totally unrelated features occur in one design. Contrast is the principle which draw attention. Contrast

sometimes becomes very important in a design, on the other hand too much of contrast creates confusion.

Rhythm

The elements are placed in a manner that eye moves in a direction, this motion of the eye causes rhythm. The features of the design are so

arranged that the eye moves over the garment, in an orderly predictable manner. Rhythmic effect becomes stronger when the pattern is

repeated.it could be an identical repetitive pattern or at irregular intervals throughout the design. Rhythm is seen on gathers, pleats, frills, drapes,

flowing hemlines, seams, laces etc.

Proportion

It is the way in which all parts in a design are related to each other as to the design by scale and size. Proportion is usually the best when all

design areas are not exactly the same. But the relationship between the unequal parts should be pleasing to the eye. Sometimes, too much

difference or too little difference also does not create ant interest. By changing the proportions, different styles can be created from the same

design. Different proportions have different illusions. If the waistline of the dress is lowered or raised, the proportion of the dress elements like,

bodice, skirt, flare etc. is change. The result in the varied illusions.

Balance

Weight of the different elements of the design is equally distributed to create balance. This gives stability to the whole design. In some designs,

the elements are repeated exactly the same way as on the other side of the axis. It is like a reversed mirror image. Balance in a garment can be

adjusted by moving of seams, yokes, panels, and darts by adding or subtracting fullness and also by arranging openings.

Dominance

Dominance principle has the highlighting function with each design having a focal point or a point holding the design. Usually there is one

dominance or emphasis point. When there is no dominant feature the eye becomes bored and restless.

Radiation

From a central point, there is a movement of elements in all directions, this is called radiation. The movement creates interest on the central point

from where the elements radiate out to the outer edges of the elements. Radiation is directional in nature, it can be in similar directions, several

directions, opposite directions or all directions. Radiation principle is applicable to elements of line and shape only.

Gradation

When identical elements change on every repetition in increasing or decreasing order, it is called gradation. It is repetition with variation. It is

uniting but moving in a direction. Gradation can be seen in shapes, color, line and size.

Unity

All elements of design strive to have unity when placed together in a piece of art. The elements of design and principles of design should be so

placed that neither should be overdone. There should be no competition between the elements. A completely united design is that which spoils

with the removal or addition of even a single dot, line, shape, color or texture. The elements are placed in perfect harmony with each other.

SHION TERMINOLOGY

Fashion terminology are the basic terms that we use in our daily life related to fashion. This is important for us to study these terminologies.

Some basic fashion terms are:-

Style

Design

Fad

Ford

Fashion look

Accessories

Fashion trend

Fashion season

Taste

Classic

Fashion cycle

1) Style: - Style is a characteristic or distinctive mode of presentation or conceptualization in a particular field. Style exists in writing, speaking,

home decorating and table manners, to

make a few examples. In apparel style is the characteristic or distinctive appearance of a garment – the combination of

features that makes it different from other garments.

2) Design: - Design is generated by making specific variation in some style. Manufactures usually produce several designs or variations of a

popular

Style.

3) Taste: - taste can be define as the ability to discern and appreciate that which makes for excellence at a particular time in a particular

circumstance.

In fashion taste refers to an individual’s opinion of what is and what is not attractive and appropriate for a given occasion.

4) Classic: - some styles never became completely absolute but instead remains more or less accepted for an extended period. Style or design

that continue to be considered in good taste over a long period are classic. A classic is a style or design that satisfied a basic need and remain

in general fashion acceptance for an extended period of time.

5) Fad: - a fashion that suddenly swipes into popularity affecting relatively few of the total population and then quickly disappears is called fad.

Fad have been called miniature fashion.

6) Ford: - a ford is a fashion that sells in great quantities and widely copied at the variety of price level. A ford is also called a best seller or a

runner. It consistently with sell through a season or a year at full price.

7) Fashion look: - A fashion look refers to the total accessories costume. The term was introduced in 1947 with Christian Dior’s “New look

“which was a radical change from the fashion during the world war 2nd.

8) Accessories: - fashion accessories are items that accompany item of wearing apparel to complete the total fashion look. Accessories include

hats, gloves, jewelry, scarf, belt, handbags, shoes, artificial flowers and hair ornaments.

9) Fashion trend: - fashion trend is the direction in which a fashion is moving. A number of trends are present in any given time. Trends include

those fashions gaining in popularity and acceptance in the market. Such fashion are the “incoming trends”, those fashion demising popularity

are the “outgoing trends”.

10) Fashion cycle: - Fashion moves in invisible pattern that follow definite directions. These pattern of movement are referred to as fashion

cycle. Each fashion move in a cycle that include several stages from the introduction of the fashion through its decline in popularity. Fashion

acceptance is usually described as a fashion cycle. A fashion cycle is often depicted as a bell shaped curve reflecting how a fashion moves

from acceptance of one specific style to decline of that style.

Stages of fashion cycle

a) Introduction: - The first stage of fashion cycle is introduction. At this beginning stage the product is first introduced and is accepted by

only a limited number of people, like fashion leaders, the people who like to be are first with what is new. At this stage of the cycle

fashion implies only style and newness.

b) Rise: - when a new styles are seen, worn by celebrities on television or photograph in magazines, they attract the attention of the general

public. As consumer interest increases manufactures copy the new look or adopt some of their dominant features making simpler style in

preparation for rising sales acceptation.

c) Peak: - When a fashion is at the height of its popularity, it may be in such demand adaptation of it at many price levels. Volume

production requires a likelihood of mass acceptance.

FABRIC KNOWLEDGE

A dress cannot be made beautiful if I haven’t mastered the knowledge of fabrics which are made from natural and man-made fibers. For

understand the characteristics of different fabrics I had done a market survey for knowing the different fabrics. Fabric or cloth is a flexible

artificial material that is made by a network of natural or artificial fibers. The example is thread or yarn which is formed by weaving or knitting

as in textiles. Cloth is made in many varying strengths and degrees of durability. Some common fabrics which are usually used for

manufacturing clothes are cotton, silk, wool, nylon, polyester etc.

After studying about all these fabrics I had done a market survey to see what the fabrics that is in fashion now days. There are some of my

pictures of gaining knowledge about different fabric.

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FABRIC MANIPULATION

After understand the properties and the characteristics of fabrics we had tried to make different innovative fabrics in our college campus. I had

done different types of manipulation on fabric to give different effect in it. Through this activity I had learnt how to give a decorative effect to a

simple fabric.

Traditional Indian Textile

Textile can be defined as broad classification of cloth or fabric made by different patterns of weaving and knitting. Culture of every country on

earth has its own decorative home textiles. Among all those, Indian textile cultures has many varieties. These types of different varieties in

textile may easily change or customize d our garment and may give a different and colorful look to our designer outfit. By using different

techniques in Indian textiles like in printed textile, embroidery textile, woven textile, painted textile we try to give a pleasant and different look

to our garments. Fabrics made by these textiles can give a wonderful and beautiful look to our garments.

PATTERN MAKING

I have learned the art of Flat Pattern making of women’s traditional and western wear, children garment and men’s garment with more emphasis

on manipulating darts, style lines, sleeves, skirts and dresses on paper. The same draft was taken on Orbito pattern designer.

Apart from Pattern Drafting I have also learnt the layout and estimation of the garment, as it is very important for the designer to avoid fabric

wastage.

Further pages I have shown the different techniques through which the Pattern Drafting can be made like Flat Pattern Drafting, 2-D drafts made

on Orbito Pattern Designer

DRAPING ON 3-D STAND

To design any garment a fashion designer should have an insight of ingredients of the garment. These are the most important features of any

garment because we see a dress on a human form which is vertical but wear it horizontally. This gives us a clear indication that a student of

fashion should skills about basic, elements, principles of design.

This gives us a clear indication that a student of fashion should have strong skill about the basic elements and principles of design. I have

mastered the art of fabric drape on toile this help me in expressing my idea through sketch and then moving on the art of draping. 3-D stand

draping art lets me visualize my ideas sketched on paper life on a mannequin this is an art which loved the most because I work without paper

pattern the feel of fabric and the dress form help me to design effectively.

SKETCHING AND ILLUSTRATION

Very base of Fashion Designing is illustration. Before manufacturing a costume or an accessory the first thing a Fashion Designer prefers is to

see a visual picture is what is to be created. This is very necessary to get an idea on how it will look on models when they wear it in a fashion

show. By means of fashion illustration the fashion designers can make changes to the ideas and create new one.

If the fashion designer wants to make any alternation to his creation then the illustration provides that flexibility. To express ones idea of design

one must be knowledgeable towards expressing on paper, to express the idea I had experience on developing croques of female figure and

mastered the art of showing the fabric drapes on them. This helps me in expressing my ideas through sketches. There is some of my illustration

work which I am showing below by pictures.

COREL DRAW

For designing my layouts and presentations I had mastered vector graphic software Corel Draw which helps me to visualize my design

specification and pages. Few of my works are compiled there. For a designer, Corel Draw Graphics Suite is a trusted graphic design software

solution. With its content-rich environment and professional graphic design, photo-editing and website design software, where we have

everything which we need to express our design, style and creativity with endless possibilities. Here I am presenting some of my work which I

had done on Corel.

Bibliography

The project would not have been successful without the guidance of my mentors and reference books of various expert writers.

THANK YOU

Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer.

Address: - 106/10, civil lines, Ajmer.

Tel. No. : - 0145-2624679