Bottom-up Measurement and Verification of Energy Efficiency Improvements: National & Regional Examples

Monitoring of Energy Audits in Finland Bottom-up since 1994

Heikki Väisänen Ulla Suomi Ministry of Trade and Industry Motiva Oy

European Parliament3 March 2005

VA CoveragePublic sector:~ 58 % of building vol.Private service & gov. bldg:~ 25 % of building vol. Industry:~ 85 % of total energy use

The Finnish Three Instrument Package

0,5 TWh/a

Total effect approx. 5,0 TWh in 2002 (not 6,1)

Monitoring boundaries

Voluntaryagreements

1997->

EnergyAudits1992->

Subsidies1992 EAs1998 EEIs

EA CoverageMunicipalities ~ 50 % of building vol.Private services ~ 25 % of building vol.Industry: ~ 70 % of electricity ~ 60 % of heat and fuels

4,1 TWh/a(4,8 TWh/a 2003)

1,5 TWh/a

Energy Audit Programme Main figures by the end of 2004

Total over 6200 buildings covered by the EA Programme Public sector: ~ 3600 buildings ~ 60 million m3 Private sector: ~ 1600 buildings ~ 65 million m3 Industry: ~ 1000 sites ~ electricity 31 TWh/a

~ heat and fuels 70 TWh/a

Total audit costs (1992-2004) 41 M€, subsidy 19 M€ 4 M€/a, subsidy 1,7 M€/a (approx. level last 3…4 years)

EA database - MOTICOP (since 1994) ~5000 statistically valid energy audit reports (31 building types) 33 000 energy saving measures (30 categories) 350 000 – 400 000 individual figures Average 110 subsidy applications/year Average 400 energy audit reports/year

IMonitoring Process of Energy Audits

Energy Audit Clients

15 Regional EED Centres

EA Database

Motiva

Energy Auditreports

Follow-up viaquestionnaire

Subsidyapplications

VA Database

I II

III

VA~EA Clients

199519961999

Follow-up via Voluntary Agreement reporting 2000…

TABLE 2SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED MEASURES

MEASURE TOTAL ROI INVEST- CO2 ENERGY SAVING WATER SAVING STATUSSAVING MENT reduction HEAT ELECTRICITY OF

energy costs energy costs water costs IMPLEMEN-energy power energy power TATION

€/a a € t/a MWh/a €/a €/a MWh/a €/a €/a m³/a €/a

1 Description of measure 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DONE2 Description of measure 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0DECIDED3 Description of measure 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.. Normally approx. 4…10 measures/audit .

TOTAL 0 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1. Subsidy Application Document – filed manually Basic data: applicant (sector/branch) and the building (type, volume) or site (energy consumptions)Energy audit model applied, audit cost and subsidy, named energy auditors

2. Energy Audit Report – filed via an Excel-fileBasic data checked and updatedTABLE 1 “Energy & water consumptions” and TABLE 2 “Proposed measures”

3. Follow-up – transferred from VA databaseImplementation status of the proposed measures (TABLE 2)

The 3-Phase Data Collection Process

CONS.NO

INot only to get the figure ”1 TWh/a”

EA Database

Data input process5…7 months/a

1½ months/a

”1 TWh/a” 2 days work

Annual Report onEnergy Audits

Quality Control of EA Reports

6…10 months/a

Data verificationand correctioncontinuos process

Data verification”automatic alarm”

SpecificAnalysis

•Ministries•Media•Clients•Auditors•Motiva•EU

1½ months/a

•33.000 measures•30 categories•31 building types

Cumulative subsidy granted for energy audits and cumulative

audit costs during the period 1992-2004

2,2

17,318,8

1,4

14,1

29,5

41,4

9,98,27,26,55,54,4

0,7

11,913,8

15,6

37,8

33,6

25,6

21,5

18,115,9

11,79,0

4,5

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

45,0

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

milj

. €

Subsidy Audit costs

Energy audit volumes in the service sector during the period

1992-2004

12,2

7,3

2,5 2,8 3,0

4,7

2,1

4,1

11,4

6,3

3,1

2,2

4,2

6,6

3,2

4,5

10,2

5,2 5,0

6,2

3,5 3,4

1,20,7

2,9

4,8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Build

ing

volu

me m

illio

n m

3

Municipalities Private sector

Total consumptions, energy costs, saving potentials and

investments in the public sector 1998-2003

Present consumption MUNICIPAL SECTOR

923 buildings Savings potential 1998-2003

Heat

765 425 MWh/a 97 191 MWh/a 12,7 %

23 230 718 €/a 2 836 359 €/a 12,2 %

Electricity317 890 MWh/a 22 436 MWh/a 7,1 %

18 020 155 €/a 1 658 763 €/a 9,2 %

Water2 718 666 m3 /a 195 431 m3 /a 7,2 %

5 817 833 €/a 429 636 €/a 7,4 %

Total consumptions Total savings Investments

47 068 706 €/a 4 924 758 €/a 10,5 % 7 354 105 €

The profitability of the proposed saving measures in the

service sector energy audits 1998-2003 (tot. 11,1 milj. €)

1,00,7

0,2 0,20,0

0,20,20,4

4,4

3,3

0,3 0,3

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10

Pay back time (years)

Sav

ing p

otenti

al m

illio

n €

The profitability of the proposed saving measures in the

industry and energy sector energy audits 1998-2003

6,4

3,9

2,83,4

0,4 0,1 0,30,0

1,5

2,7

7,8

2,7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10

Pay back time (years)

Sav

ing p

otenti

al m

illio

n €

Proposed energy saving measures in energy audits during

the period 1992–2003

Category of measure Measures Savings Invest. ROIpcs. 1000 EUR 1000 EUR a

1 Heating system 284 1 006 3 438 3,41.1 Heat production, district heating basic rates 900 2 119 2 553 1,21.2 Reduction of indoor temperature 1 617 1 480 2 479 1,71.3 Controls of the heating system 1 525 1 815 7 001 3,91.4 Tightness of the building envelope 171 268 1 123 4,21.5 Technical system insulations 200 284 581 2,0

Total of system 4 697 6 972 17 175 2,52 Ventilation system 446 1 781 6 415 3,6

2.1 Running hours 3 956 9 852 3 999 0,42.2 Reduction of air flows 682 1 911 2 795 1,52.3 Separation of service areas 122 369 980 2,72.4 Controls of the ventilation system 1 853 2 367 2 934 1,22.5 Heat-recovery 1 259 6 486 25 033 3,92.6 Night cooling ventilation 84 49 35 0,7

Total of system 8 402 22 814 42 192 1,83 Domestic water, Total of system 3 470 3 017 5 011 1,74 Electricity, Total of system 9 885 13 883 20 257 1,55 Cooling systems, Total of system 460 3 221 8 466 2,66 Construction, Total of system 484 957 3 465 3,67 Compressed air system, Total of system 51 226 395 1,78 Other energy saving measures 1 310 26 788 72 747 2,7

All proposed energy saving measures 28 759 77 879 169 708 2,2

Different Levels of Monitoring

Expenditure (e.g. subsidies for EAs)

Energy Audit Volumes

Saving Potentials based onproposed measures

Theoretical savings of implemented measures

Measured savings at site level

Verifiedsavings

Level I – Just follow the money spent

Level II - Know where the money is spent

Level III - Understand how much could be saved

Level IV - Know how much approx. will be saved

Level V - Know how much is saved (measurement error)

1992

1993

1994

1995

Level VI – Confirms the savings (a legal commitment fulfilled)

,,, some comments

On-site “field” conditions are far from laboratory conditions we need to be realistic, what can be measured and what not

Small savings cannot be identified from the total consumption sometimes not worth while measuring at all – just adjust the set point

The end-user might not be interested to spend money on M&V who will pay for the M&V

- What is actually Bottom-up monitoring… and what not?