MonkeyMonkey

By: Kavya Mudiam, Emma Jones, Anna Fox, Patrick Wright, By: Kavya Mudiam, Emma Jones, Anna Fox, Patrick Wright, and Sam Douglasand Sam Douglas

77thth Period Period

Religions Religions

TaoismTaoism

Confucianism Confucianism

BuddhismBuddhism

Taoism Taoism

►The two chief pilosophers Lao-tzu and The two chief pilosophers Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu Chuang-tzu

► It is connected to the rhythms of nature It is connected to the rhythms of nature and the earth and the earth

►Focuses back on the time where there Focuses back on the time where there was equality between men and womenwas equality between men and women

►   Taoists relate the microcosm of the Taoists relate the microcosm of the human body to the macrocosm of the human body to the macrocosm of the world (earth, heavens, and underworld) world (earth, heavens, and underworld)

Taoism Continued…Taoism Continued…

►Taoism became organized in the 4th Taoism became organized in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, based on the and 3rd centuries BCE, based on the writings of the two menwritings of the two men

►What it is: the search for immortality; What it is: the search for immortality; a varied pantheon of Taoist deities; a varied pantheon of Taoist deities; and a certain rebelliousness against and a certain rebelliousness against both the demands of society and the both the demands of society and the rigors of traditional Confucian rigors of traditional Confucian morality and social codes morality and social codes

ConfucianismConfucianism• Characterized by optimistic view of Characterized by optimistic view of human nature, the possibility of normal human nature, the possibility of normal humans becoming awe-inspiring humans becoming awe-inspiring

•Beliefs are that humans can be taught, Beliefs are that humans can be taught, improved,and perfectedimproved,and perfected

•Belief System Belief System • Li or correct propriety, ritual and Li or correct propriety, ritual and etiquetteetiquette•Yi or righteousnessYi or righteousness•Hsiao or love among members of family Hsiao or love among members of family and society and society •Xin or trustworthiness and honestyXin or trustworthiness and honesty•Jen or humaneness and benevolenceJen or humaneness and benevolence•Chung or loyalty to ruling authoritiesChung or loyalty to ruling authorities

Confucianism in the 1500’sConfucianism in the 1500’s• Ming Dynasty 1368-1644Ming Dynasty 1368-1644• Agriculture, Navigation, Confucianism, and art thriveAgriculture, Navigation, Confucianism, and art thrive• Chinese trading ships export teas, silk, and porcelain to India, Chinese trading ships export teas, silk, and porcelain to India,

Africa, and EuropeAfrica, and Europe• The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Prince Zhu Di’s eldest The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Prince Zhu Di’s eldest

brother, died in 1398, after naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen his brother, died in 1398, after naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen his successor. successor.

• Killed by uncle Zhu Di who gave himself the name “Zheng He”Killed by uncle Zhu Di who gave himself the name “Zheng He”• Confucianism tradition, the first son and his decedents should Confucianism tradition, the first son and his decedents should

always inherit, but the emperor was the fourth son. Therefore, the always inherit, but the emperor was the fourth son. Therefore, the courts (Cunfucian scholars) refused to support him.courts (Cunfucian scholars) refused to support him.

• To secure his place on the throne he began massive projects such To secure his place on the throne he began massive projects such as repairing the Grand Canal. However, he is remembered as a as repairing the Grand Canal. However, he is remembered as a Naval Commander. The Emperor brought back jewels, medicine, Naval Commander. The Emperor brought back jewels, medicine, and exoctic animals. and exoctic animals.

• In 1424, Zheng He passed away. His son Zhu Gaozhi became In 1424, Zheng He passed away. His son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor and ordered an end to all treasure hunts. As a emperor and ordered an end to all treasure hunts. As a Confucianist, he believed the hunts drained too much money. He Confucianist, he believed the hunts drained too much money. He spent money on fending off the Mongols and feeding people in spent money on fending off the Mongols and feeding people in famine-ravaged provinces. Therefore, China adopted more famine-ravaged provinces. Therefore, China adopted more Confucianism ideals. Confucianism ideals.

BuddhismBuddhism

► Buddhism: is an ethical system – a way of life – that Buddhism: is an ethical system – a way of life – that leads to a very specific goal and that possesses leads to a very specific goal and that possesses some aspects of both religion and philosophy.some aspects of both religion and philosophy.

► Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama

► Two Major Branches: Two Major Branches: Theravada - "The School of the Elders"Theravada - "The School of the Elders" Mahayana - "The Great Vehicle“Mahayana - "The Great Vehicle“

Buddhist ConceptsBuddhist Concepts

►Life and the WorldLife and the World KarmaKarma RebirthRebirth SamsaraSamsara

►Suffering’s Causes and SolutionsSuffering’s Causes and Solutions The Four Noble TruthsThe Four Noble Truths The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path

►NirvanaNirvana Enlightenment Enlightenment

POLITICS OF 15OO’sPOLITICS OF 15OO’s

►MING DYNASTY (1386-1644)MING DYNASTY (1386-1644)►MonarchyMonarchy►By 15By 15thth century, dynasty was slowly century, dynasty was slowly

diminishing so in the 16diminishing so in the 16thth century, there century, there was supposed to be a reform.was supposed to be a reform. Later crushed by eunuch named Wei Later crushed by eunuch named Wei

Zhongxian Zhongxian ► many eunuchs were able to climb up the social many eunuchs were able to climb up the social

ladder and to occupy posts at the court that ladder and to occupy posts at the court that made them able to influence the ruler and his made them able to influence the ruler and his decisions.decisions.

The administration for the Ming Dynasty:The administration for the Ming Dynasty:► the Grand Secretariatthe Grand Secretariat► Six MinistriesSix Ministries► RevenueRevenue► Rites Rites ► War War ► JusticeJustice► Public Works Public Works ► Department of State AffairsDepartment of State Affairs► CensorateCensorate

►There was a lot of controversy in the There was a lot of controversy in the government over tax collectiongovernment over tax collection The dynasty didn’t see a need in The dynasty didn’t see a need in

understanding business, which eventually led understanding business, which eventually led to the fallto the fall

Resulted in production of literature that Resulted in production of literature that expressed thought on the situationexpressed thought on the situation►Monkey Monkey and and The Water MarginThe Water Margin

People isolated by a strict society where one is often People isolated by a strict society where one is often unable to play by the rulesunable to play by the rules

►Downfall was a result of gov’t not able to Downfall was a result of gov’t not able to provide food during famine and poor provide food during famine and poor planning by not having accurate tax planning by not having accurate tax collection and head countcollection and head count

Emperors of the Ming Emperors of the Ming DynastyDynasty

►Ming Wuzong- 1505-1521Ming Wuzong- 1505-1521►Ming Shizong. 1521-1566Ming Shizong. 1521-1566►Ming Muzong. 1566-1572Ming Muzong. 1566-1572►Ming Shenzong. 1572-1619Ming Shenzong. 1572-1619

Ming Wuzong

Ming Shizong

Ming Muzong

Ming Shenzong

Culture in ChinaCulture in China

►Arts movementArts movement focused on themselvesfocused on themselves They were Isolationists They were Isolationists Trying to work on China itself and not so Trying to work on China itself and not so

much on expandingmuch on expanding Novel of monkey developed during Ming but Novel of monkey developed during Ming but

published laterpublished later They wanted to reach a wider audience rangeThey wanted to reach a wider audience range Vernacular Chinese “watered down”Vernacular Chinese “watered down”

Culture in ChinaCulture in China

►There was also a large amount of There was also a large amount of industrial development industrial development They tried making the country more They tried making the country more

unified geographicallyunified geographically Built river systems and canalsBuilt river systems and canals This was all to help increase internal tradeThis was all to help increase internal trade

►Chinese had great Naval capacityChinese had great Naval capacity

Culture in ChinaCulture in China

►Not a sophisticated national marketNot a sophisticated national market►Focused on staple cropsFocused on staple crops

grain, cotton, and teagrain, cotton, and tea

►Merchants were unproductive at this Merchants were unproductive at this time until Europeans cametime until Europeans came

► Interregional trade was successfulInterregional trade was successful

Culture in ChinaCulture in China

►During the 1500’s is when many During the 1500’s is when many European countries started coming European countries started coming over to China.over to China.

►The Portuguese were one of the firstThe Portuguese were one of the first They came as a Formal Embassy and also They came as a Formal Embassy and also

as piratesas pirates Main country involved in trading goods Main country involved in trading goods

from China to Europefrom China to Europe Silver was brought to China from SpainSilver was brought to China from Spain ““silver sink”silver sink”

Culture In China Culture In China

►China experiences a decline in central China experiences a decline in central power from the Ming Dynastypower from the Ming Dynasty

►Socially stableSocially stable►Government is considered to be one of Government is considered to be one of

the most orderlythe most orderly

The End The End