monopoly of indian railways.pptx

7/24/2019 Monopoly of Indian Railways.pptx

1/19

MARKET AND INDIANRAILWAYS

Presented By:-

Nidhi Sood (!"#$

Preet%&hinder K&'r (!#$

P&r)een K&'r (!*$

S&+hin (!,$ Sh'.h&n/&0i(!1$

S'nny De) (!1$

Presented To:-

Miss Aditi K&0r&


2/19

INTRODUCTION

M&r2etMe+h&nis%

Or Pro+ess

B'yers &ndse00ers

Dire+t3o%4etition

5M&r2et6 does not re7er to & 40&+e .'t it is &5%e+h&nis%6 .y 8hi+h .'yers &nd se00ers o7 &+o%%odity &re &.0e to +ont&+t e&+h other inDire+t +o%4etition 7or e+ono%i+ e9+h

M&r2et re7ers to & 40&+e or 0o+&0ity 8here+o%%odities +&n .e .o'ht or so0d;

Wh&t is & M&r2et


3/19

TYPES OFMARKET

M&r2etPer7e+t

3o%4etitionI%4er7e+t

3o%4etition

Monopolistic Oligopoly Duopoly

Mono4o0y


4/19

MONOPOLY Deri)ed 7ro% t8o =ree2 8ords:

5Monos6 5Sin0e6

%e&nin

5Po0es6 5Se00er6

Mono4o0y %e&ns e9isten+e o7 sin0e4rod'+er or se00er 8ho 4rod'+es or se00s& 4rod'+t 8hi+h h&s no +0oses'.stit'tes;


5/19

MONOPOLY

Sin0e se00ers &nd %&ny B'yers- A %ono4o0y 7ir% %&y .e o8ned .y &

4erson> & 7e8 n'%.ers o7 4&rtners or & /oint sto+2 +o%4&ny;

No +0ose s'.stit'tes- Mono4o0y +&n not e9ist 8hen there is

+o%4etition;

30osed entry-In & %ono4o0y %&r2et there is stron .&rrier on the entry

o7 ne8 7ir%s;

Pri+e M&r2er- The se00er +ontro0s the 4ri+es o7 th&t 4&rti+'0&r 4rod'+t or

ser)i+e &nd is the 4ri+e %&2er;

Pri+e Dis+ri%in&tion- Pri+e dis+ri%in&tion re7ers to the 4r&+ti+e o7 &

se00er o7 se00in the s&%e ood &t di77erent 4ri+es to di77erent .'yers; Pri+edis+ri%in&tion is ossi.0e &nd ro7it&.0e on0 8hen %&r2ets &re i% er7e+t;


6/19

MONOPOLY: E?@ILIBRI@M

P

MR DemandY

XMC

AC

e

E E'i0i.ri'% Point>8here> M3MR

Pm

P% Pri+eQm

?%: P%C A3> :; E9+ess4ro7its

Fir% M&r2etShort r'n 0osses &re &0so 4ossi.0e

?% sho8s &.nor%&0> s'4ernor%&0 4ro7its

Revenue/C

ost


7/19

PROFIT MAIMIATION

@NDER MONOPOLYA 7ir% in the short r'n e&rns %&9i%'%

4ro7it 8hen it %eets the 7o00o8in+onditions:-

MR M3 &nd M3 +'r)e +'ts MR 7ro%

.e0o8;

A)er&e Re)en'e is re&ter th&nA)er&e Tot&0 3ost;


8/19

PROFIT MAIMIATION

@NDER MONOPOLYMCATC

AVC

AR

MR

e

P

Revenue/C

ost

OOutput

Pro7it


9/19

MONOPOLY- THEINDIAN RAILWAYS St&te o8ned r&i08&y +o%4&ny o7 Indi& &nd h&s %ono4o0yon +o'ntryGs r&i0 tr&ns4ort;

One o7 the 0&rest &nd .'siest r&i0 net8or2 in the 8or0d>tr&ns4ortin o)er * .i00ion 4&sseners &nd &0%ost #"! %i00iontones o7 7reiht &nn'&00y;

Wor0d6s 0&rest +o%%er+i&0 or 'ti0ity e%40oyer> 8ith %oreth&n H;* %i00ion e%40oyees;

R&i08&ys 8&s 7irst introd'+ed in H,"> the 7irst 4&ssenertr&in .et8een Bo%.&y Th&n&;

R&i08&ys ro8s in Indi& 8ith the en+o'r&e%ent o7 British

=o)ern%ent;


10/19

WJY IRIS

3ONSIDERED AS AMONOPOLY et+;


11/19

IMPA3T OF =OT;

MONOPOLYON IRBene7its Jindr&n+es

St&.i0ity o7 4ri+es;

P'.0i+ .ene7ited;So'r+e o7 re)en'e 7oro)ern%ent;Pri+e dis+ri%in&tion

+&n .e &440ied to e&rn4ro7its or 4ro)ide

ser)i+es to 4eo40e;E+ono%i+ di77eren+es

+&n .e red'+ed;

Poor 0e)e0 o7

ser)i+es;No +ons'%erso)ereinty;L&+2 o7 +o%4etition

4ro4er +&re 0e&ds to0o8er '&0ity;No +ons'%er +hoi+e;Jinders the e+ono%i+

ro8th;


12/19

BA3K=RO@NDINFORMATION

P&sseners:

-Operatesover9000trains&over5billionannuallyacrossIndia.

-Preferredmodeoftransportationinmostofthecountries.-Overcrowding.

-ic!et-lesspassengers. Prod'+tion:

-"anufactures most of its #olling$toc! and heavy engineeringcomponents.

-Production units are manageddirectly by ministers.

-%ach unit was headed by ".

S'.'r.&n R&i0s:

-"any cities have dedicatedsuburban networ!s li!e "umbai'

(hennai')elhi'*yderabad'Pune'etc.

-Only "umbai'Pune & *yderabadshares trac! with long distancetrains.

-rains were mostly electric multipleunits.

Freiht:

-(arriesvarietyofgoods.

-(ontributesto+0,ofrevenues.

-"aorityofearningscomesfrom carryingbul!goodsli!ecoal.

Ser)i+es


13/19

IR AT PRESENTWor0d6s rd0&rest r&i08&y net8or2;3ontri.'te '4 to to the ross

do%esti+ 4rod'+t (=DP$;

A44ro9i%&te0y *">!!! 2% o7 r&i0 tr&+2s&nd o)er #>H"H r&i08&y st&tions;

O4er&tes H>*!>"H tr&ins in+0'din 1>""!4&sseners tr&ins> +&rryin &.o't H;*

%i00ion tones o7 7reiht &nd &.o't H,%i00ion 4&sseners d&i0y;

Wor0ds 0&rest +o%%er+i&0 or 'ti0itye%40oyer> 8ith %ore th&n H;" %i00ion

e%40oyees on its 4&yro00s;


14/19

PROBLEMS FA3ED BYIR

Some regions are beon! "#e rea$# o%rai&'as !(e "o (n%a)o(rab&e geogra*#i$a&$on!i"ions+

Rai&'as are %a$ing s"i $om*e"i"ion %romroa! "rans*or" an! "#(s i"s s#are in*assenger an! goo!s "ra.$ is !e$&ining+

Rai&'as #a)e #(ge o("s"an!ing *amen"s

"o !iese& an! e&e$"ri$ *o'er s(**&$om*anies+

T#e rai&'as #a)e "o !e)e&o* (ne$onomi$*ro/e$"s !(e "o *o&i"i$a& *ress(res an!in"er%eren$es+


15/19

3ORRE3TIE MEAS@RES

Moderni&tion;

S&7ety &nd se+'rity o7 4&sseners;

Re40&+e%ent &nd rene8&0 o7 &ssets;

3o%4'teri&tion o7 r&i08&y syste%s;

Introd'+tion o7 ne8 te+hno0oies 7orsin&0in &nd te0e+o%;

Pre)ention o7 0e&2&es o7 Re)en'e;In+re&se in 4rod'+ti)ity &nd red'+tion

in O4er&tin r&tio;


16/19

NET " YEARS

=OALS OF IRH; To de0i)er & s'st&ined &nd %e&s'r&.0e

i%4ro)e%ent in +'sto%er e94erien+e;

; To %&2e R&i0 & s&7er %e&ns o7 tr&)e0;; To e94&nd Bh&rtiy& R&i06s +&4&+ity

s'.st&nti&00y &nd %odernie in7r&str'+t'rei.e. to increase daily passengers carrying capacity,

increase track length and to grow the annualfreight carrying capacity.

; To %&2e Bh&rtiy& R&i0 7in&n+i&00y se07-s'st&in&.0e.


17/19

STRATE=IES TO

A3JIEE =OALS ?'&0ity o7 0i7e in /o'rneys- 30e&n0iness> 9#he040ine> +&terin> e-ti+2etin> %ore +o&+hes>et+;

St&tion Rede)e0o4%ent; I%4ro)in tr&in s4eed &nd introd'+in B'00et

tr&ins;

S&7ety- Tr&in Prote+tion W&rnin Syste% et+;

Tr&ns4&ren+y &nd =o)ern&n+e initi&ti)es;

So+i&0 initi&ti)es 0i2e 4ro%otion o7 4rod'+ts%&de .y Se07 Je04 =ro'4s;

To'ris%-In+redi.0e R&i0 7or In+redi.0e Indi& to.e 0&'n+hed;


18/19

3ON3L@SION

A %ono4o0y is &7ir% th&t is theso0e se00er in its

%&r2et;

It 7&+es & do8n8&rds0o4in de%&nd +'r)e

7or its 4rod'+t;

Mono4o0ists +&n r&isetheir 4ro7its .y

+h&rin di77erent4ri+es to di77erent.'yers .&sed on

8i00inness to 4&y;

R&i08&ys 8&s 7irstintrod'+ed in H," &ndro8s in Indi& 8ith the

en+o'r&e%ent o7 British

=o)ern%ent;

Indi&n R&i08&ys h&s0&'n+hed & %o.i0e

&440i+&tion 7or.oo2in 'nreser)ed

ti+2ets;

&rio's s+he%es0i2e PPP 7or

&ttr&+tin %ore

in)est%ent.

Better> +he&4er&nd 7&ster th&nother %e&ns o7

tr&ns4orts;


19/19

TJANK

YO@

monopoly of indian railways.pptx

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