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Running head: CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO 1
Client Ethics Plan: Monsanto
Andrew Christopher
Kent State University
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 2
Introduction
The following pages include a proposed ethics plan to be implemented and distributed
amongst all Monsanto employees. The plan includes a detailed corporate profile and ethical
history to provide current and future employees a comprehensive review of key moments and
developments throughout Monsanto’s history. Following Monsanto’s corporate profile and
ethical history, you will find the plan’s strategic implementation and rationale. To ensure a
complete understanding of the proposed plan, employees are asked to carefully read and review
each page. Implementation is pending executive approval.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 3
Monsanto Corporate Profile
The following corporate profile serves as an audit of necessary information compiled to
determine the best course of action in implementing and rationalizing a corporation-wide ethics
plan.
Company Synopsis
Monsanto is a publicly traded multinational corporation headquartered in Saint Louis,
Missouri, specializing in agriculture and biotechnology. Monsanto employs 21,183 employees
globally with 404 facilities, spread across 68 countries. Nationally, Monsanto employs 10,277
employees with 146 facilities across 33 states.
Mission Statement/Corporate Pledge
The following list was gathered via Monsanto’s corporate website: (monsanto.com/our-pledge).
The Monsanto Pledge is our commitment to how we do business. It is a declaration that
compels us to listen more, to consider our actions and their impact broadly, and to lead
responsibly. It helps us to convert our values into actions, and to make clear who we are and
what we champion.
Integrity
Integrity is the foundation for all that we do. Integrity includes honesty, decency, consistency,
and courage. Building on those values, we are committed to:
Dialogue
We will listen carefully to diverse points of view and engage in thoughtful dialogue.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 4
We will broaden our understanding of issues in order to better address the needs and concerns of
society and each other.
Transparency
We will ensure that information is available, accessible, and understandable.
Sharing
We will share knowledge and technology to advance scientific understanding, to improve
agriculture and the environment, to improve crops, and to help farmers in developing countries.
Benefits
We will use sound and innovative science and thoughtful and effective stewardship to deliver
high-quality products that are beneficial to our customers and to the environment.
Respect
We will respect the religious, cultural, and ethical concerns of people throughout the world. The
safety of our employees, the communities where we operate, our customers, consumers, and the
environment will be our highest priority.
Act as Owners to Achieve Results
We will create clarity of direction, roles, and accountability; build strong relationships with our
customers and external partners; make wise decisions; steward our company resources; and take
responsibility for achieving agreed-upon results.
Create a Great Place to Work
We will ensure diversity of people and thought; foster innovation, creativity and learning;
practice inclusive teamwork; and reward and recognize our people.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 5
Products
Though Monsanto has a long history as a chemical company, its current focus is
exclusively on agriculture and biotechnology. Monsanto has worked tirelessly, developing the
most technologically advanced products available to allow farmers the best possible yields.
Monsanto’s product categories consist of agricultural seeds, trait technologies, vegetable seeds,
and weed control. Many of the products below belong to uniquely named brands, however; all
of the products and brands listed belong to Monsanto.
Agricultural Seeds
Monsanto offers farmers a wide range of corn, soybean, cotton, wheat, canola, sorghum, and
sugar cane seeds based on the climate of each growing area (monsanto.com/products). All
product facts and descriptions are originally derived from Monsanto’s corporate website.
Asgrow: National wholesaler of high-yield soybean seed
Channel: Sells premium corn, soybean, alfalfa, and sorghum seed nationally
Dekalb: National wholesaler of corn, alfalfa, grain sorghum, and spring and winter
canola seed
Deltapine: Sells cotton seed to Southern U.S. growers
Fontanelle: Sells corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and sorghum seed to growers in Nebraska,
Iowa, Kansas, and portions of the surrounding states
Gold Country Seed: Sells corn, soybean, and alfalfa seed to farmers in Minnesota, the
Dakotas, Wisconsin, and Northern Iowa
Hubner Seed: Sells corn, soybean, and alfalfa seed to eastern U.S. growers
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Jung Seed Genetics: Sells corn, soybeans, wheat, alfalfa, and silage corn seed to growers
in Wisconsin and Minnesota
Kruger Seeds: Sells corn and soybean seed to growers in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, the
Dakotas, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska
Lewis Hybrids: Sells corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa seed to growers in Illinois, Iowa,
and Missouri
REA Hybrids: Sells corn, soybean, and alfalfa seed to growers in the Dakotas, Montana,
and Minnesota
Specialty Hybrids: Sells corn and soybean seed to growers in Indiana and Ohio
Stewart: Sells corn, soybean, and wheat seed to growers in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio
Stone Seed Group: Sells corn and soybean seed selected specifically for Illinois and
neighboring counties
West Bred: National wholesaler of high quality wheat and other small grain varieties
Trait Technologies
Monsanto uses its elite seed genetics and cutting-edge traits and technologies to create
products that meet farmers’ wants and needs.
Acceleron: Helps farmers maximize the performance potential of the seed and traits they
plant right from the start. Acceleron Seed Treatment Products can help improve plant
health through disease-fighting protection, insect protection, and improved early season
vigor.
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Corn States: Monsanto’s U.S. seeds and traits licensing division – broadly licenses
germplasm and trait technologies and sells seed treatments to independent seed
companies across the country
Genuity: Monsanto’s trait master brand, which includes the latest technology in corn,
soybeans, cotton, canola, alfalfa, and sugarbeets
Integrated Farming Systems: Integrates Monsanto’s expertise in seed science, field
science, data analysis and precision equipment to develop solutions optimized for the
conditions of a farmer’s field
Vegetable Seeds
De Ruiter: Sells vegetable seeds for glasshouse cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers,
sweet peppers, eggplant, as well as rootstock (rootstock is used to introduce
characteristics such as improved vigor, disease resistance, and improved fruit quality to
plants)
Seminis: Sells vegetable seed across the world; mainly Big Beef tomatoes and Valentino
green beans
Weed Control
Certainty Turf Herbicide: Weed control on managed turf and native grasses
Degree Brands: Applied preemergence or postemergence to corn in order to reduce early
season weed competition
Harness: Specifically designed for early-season weed control
Intrro: Used in Roundup Ready soybean systems, and for weed control in grain sorghum
Lariat: Season-long weed control for corn and grain sorghum
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 8
Micro-Tech: Season-long weed control for corn and soybeans
Outrider: Used in the fall to reduce weed populations before they can effect crop yield.
Roundup Custom: Effective in lakes, streams, ponds and other aquatic areas
Roundup PowerMAX: Offers enhanced, consistent weed control, weed to weed and field
to field; even hard-to-control weeds
Roundup Pro Concentrate: Keeps roads, public spaces and industrial areas clear of weeds
Roundup ProMAX: The most concentrated formula in the Roundup product line
Roundup QuikPRO: Used on parks and golf courses to provide fast burndown results
within 24 hours
Roundup WeatherMAX: Offers weed control in Roundup Ready Corn 2 System
RT 3: Reliable, consistent performance on tough-to-control Western weeds
TripleFLEX: Contains three modes of action for control on weeds preplant,
preemergence, early postemergence, and up to 11 inches for corn
Warrant Herbicide: Provides increased crop safety for cotton and soybeans
Earnings Summary & Stock Valuation
Monsanto’s net sales increased 10% from 2012 to 2013, growing from $13.5 billion to
$14.8 billion. Monsanto is traded publicly on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as MON,
with an average stock price of $110 per share (monsanto.com/annual-report).
Key Stakeholders
Monsanto’s key stakeholders include its farmers, customers, employees, investors, and
subsidiaries. Though voiceless, the planet/environment is a very significant stakeholder for
Monsanto. Many organizations will speak loudly on its behalf.
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CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 10
In the 1930s, Monsanto began producing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), which were
used as coolants and lubricants in electronics (takepart.com). PCBs are now known to contain
life-threatening toxins that are carcinogenic and harmful to the liver, endocrine system, immune
system, reproductive system, developmental system, skin, eyes, and brain
(foodandwaterwatch.org). PCBs were banned in 1976.
During the Vietnam War, Monsanto produced the defoliant herbicide Agent Orange for
the U.S. government. Dioxin, an extremely potent carcinogen, is created as a byproduct of Agent
Orange’s manufacturing process. 18 million gallons of the toxic herbicide was dropped on
jungles and farms in Vietnam between 1962 and 1971 as part of an effort to eliminate cover for
enemy soldiers and create food shortages (takepart.com). Agent Orange has since been linked to
a long list of diseases, some of which include: Chronic B-cell Leukemias, Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2, Hodgkin’s Disease, Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Parkinson’s
Disease, Prostate Cancer, Respiratory Cancers, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas (publichealth.va.gov).
After Monsanto transitioned to a predominately agricultural company in the late '90s, it
abandoned its chemical factories all over the United States; 41 of them have since been classified
as superfund sites (takepart.com). A superfund site is essentially an overwhelmingly toxic
location. Monsanto also created EPA-designated toxic wastelands in Georgia, Idaho, Illinois,
Alabama, West Virginia, and Missouri that are laden with arsenic, radium, PCBs, dioxin and
many other carcinogenic poisons (takepart.com).
These lingering stigmas from Monsanto’s past as a chemical company may be the root
cause of scrutiny over its development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). While
Monsanto cannot ignore its past, it must work to overcome an unpleasant history.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 11
Several documentaries are widely accepted by the public as unequivocal truths regarding
Monsanto. The most influential documentaries include: Food Inc, Seeds of Death, Millions
Against Monsanto, The World According to Monsanto, Poison on the Platter, and David vs.
Monsanto: the Story of Percy Schmeiser. Countless YouTube videos also support many of the
views and opinions expressed in these feature-length documentaries.
The Food Inc documentary touches on each critical ethical issue Monsanto is scrutinized
for: GMO safety, farmer litigation (bullying), and its political influence. Brilliantly, Monsanto
clarifies some of the information surrounded by these claims through a specific webpage within
its own corporate site. Monsanto first thanks everyone for their concerns over these issues, and
expresses its concern for the health and well being of families, farmers, and the planet.
GMO Safety
In response to large concern over the safety of GMO foods, Monsanto replied with some
statistical reinforcement for GMO production and consumption, as well as a list of governmental
organization approvals. According to Monsanto, biotech crops and their food products have
been in use worldwide for about 14 years, since the first commercial planting in 1996. More
than two trillion meals containing ingredients from biotech crops have been safely consumed.
Each new agricultural biotech product is carefully reviewed before it is commercialized. Testing
of biotech crops before they are introduced to market generally takes about 6 to 12 years at a cost
of $6 to 12 million (monsanto.com/food-inc). These products have received independent review
by regulatory agencies and scientists throughout the world. The integrity of those studies has
been and continues to be a heated topic; one Monsanto should more actively defend.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 12
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the
U.S. Department of Agriculture, and regulatory agencies in 25 different countries have
independently assessed these products and concluded they are safe for human consumption and
the environment (monsanto.com/food-inc). The United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, the World Health Organization, the International Council for Science, the French
Food Agency, the British Medical Association, the American Medical Association, the American
Dietetic Association, and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences have all declared biotech foods
safe for human and animal consumption (monsanto.com/food-inc).
Farmer Litigation (bullying)
Monsanto is often criticized for its perceivably strained relationship with some of its
farmers. Recent litigation over patent infringement has led to court cases deemed David vs.
Goliath battles. Monsanto faces this common question, “Why do you sue farmers for saving
seeds? Aren’t many of them forced to settle their cases because they don’t have the financial
resources to go up against a large corporation in a lawsuit?” (monsanto.com/food-inc).
Monsanto expressed its commitment to the success of farmers, and their significance as
the lifeblood of the company. Farmers buy Monsanto seed products because it consistently
provides them with the best array of technologies that offer the best value for their dollar. The
reason Monsanto takes patent infringement seriously is because it invests about $2.6 million per
day to ensure its technologies offer its customers safe, consistent, high-performing products.
Every effort is made by Monsanto to resolve the matter outside of the litigation process.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 13
In closing, Monsanto writes, “We need to meet our obligations to all the farmers who honor their
commitments and who insist we maintain integrity in the market -- so they are not placed at a
disadvantage when competing for limited resources like land, investment capital and other crop
inputs” (monsanto.com/food-inc).
Finally, Monsanto directs all proceeds from these settlements to youth leadership and
scholarship programs. Of the 250,000 customers finding value with Monsanto each year, only
141 legal actions have ever transpired over the last 12 years in the U.S. (monsanto.com/food-
inc).
Political Influence
Monsanto often faces scrutiny over the influence its current and former executives have
on political policy-making. Critics refer to this issue as the “revolving door” of big business and
politics. The nation’s general distrust of government leaves cause for understandable concern
over this matter. Monsanto raises a valid point against this argument by stating, “Individuals
with expertise in a certain subject matter often work in both the public and private sector during
the course of their careers. However, federal laws carefully prevent conflict-of-interest situations
when private sector employees take government jobs” (Monsanto.com/food-inc).
The regulation of agricultural biotechnology is the result of hundreds of government
policy and subject matter experts in a number of agencies – that also consult with outside
scientists and universities – who evaluate the best information available and reach conclusions
(monsanto.com/food-inc). The U.S. government’s system for regulating biotechnology products
is not the result of work from a few individuals who could influence the outcome.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 14
Monsanto has also given significant donations to fund political campaigns and lobbying
efforts. According to foodandwaterwatch.org, Monsanto gave $829,662 to fund U.S. political
campaigns, and spent $62, 356, 730 on U.S. lobbying expenditures from 2000-2012. These
numbers are another cause for public distrust, and should be addressed moving forward. I was
unable to find statements justifying these expenses on Monsanto’s corporate website.
Plan Implementation
Monsanto is regularly honored with awards recognizing its employees’ innovation,
leadership, and workplace satisfaction. This recognition generally reflects feedback provided by
employees and others in the respective communities. In the last six months alone, Monsanto has
received the following awards and rankings: Financial Times’ Most Innovative Law Department
for 2013; A 100% grade on the 2014 Corporate Equality Index (CEI) from the Human Rights
Campaign Foundation; FORTUNE magazine's 2014 list of "World's Most Admired Companies";
#46 on 2014 Top 50 Companies for Diversity; Corporate Responsibility Magazine’s “One of the
100 Best Corporate Citizens for 2014” (monsanto.com/awards-recognition).
The awards above are commendable and should be celebrated, but Monsanto’s ethical
ranking falls much shorter than its rankings for diversity and innovation. Covalence, a renowned
reputation index tracking agency, ranked Monsanto dead last, behind Philip Morris and
Halliburton on its list of the 581 most and least ethical companies (dailyfinance.com). My
proposed ethics plan will aid in defending Monsanto’s stance on highly scrutinized ethical issues,
as well as educate employees on those, and other issues. The following strategic plan covers:
planning, objectives, strategies, audiences, tactics, and evaluation metrics.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 15
Planning
Based on Monsanto’s corporate profile, ethical history, and data gathered via Monsanto’s
corporate website and other secondary sources, I’ve proposed a 16-month plan with measurable
objectives to support an increase in both employee and public understanding of Monsanto’s
ethical stances and decision-making.
Objectives
Internal:
Increase employee awareness of Monsanto’s code of ethics by 20% by August, 2015
(the end of Monsanto’s fiscal year)
Increase employee involvement in ethics workshops, seminars, and activities put on by
Monsanto or other reputable ethics training organizations by 15% by August, 2015
External:
Improve Monsanto’s ranking on Covalence’s Annual Ethical Reputation Ranking by 10
places by its March, 2015 report
Increase Monsanto’s positive share of voice online under the keyword search “Monsanto
Ethics” by 5% by August, 2015
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 16
Strategies
Internal:
Provide employees the opportunity to confidentially communicate and share ethical
concerns with a Monsanto-appointed ethics counselor
Institute annual ethics training seminars for C-level and management level employees
from each of Monsanto’s 146 facilities
Encourage and reward employee attendance of ethics conferences and seminars
External:
Increase ethical transparency via corporate website
Reach out to influential voices within the agricultural sciences community
Increase ethical transparency via social media
Audiences
Monsanto employees
Corporate senior leadership
Media
Tactics
Internal:
Appoint an ethics representative within the Monsanto corporate offices, as well as within
each facility, to serve as a bi-weekly ethical counselor
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 17
Require employees to familiarize themselves with the code of ethics by developing
ethically challenging questions to be answered at the start of morning meetings
Require employee attendance to at least one reputable ethics training seminar other than
Monsanto’s each year
Reward attendance to more than one reputable ethics training seminar by providing
employees gift cards to local restaurants
External:
Allow seamless access to Monsanto’s codes of ethics and conduct by organizing the
webpage as a more prominent subhead within the “Who We Are” section
Reach out to influential agricultural scientists to help dispel false accusations of
Monsanto’s scientific and ethical credibility
Post ethics seminar information, links, and photos to social media outlets
Enlist media relations professionals for each ethics seminar
Evaluation Metrics
Objective 1: Increase employee awareness of Monsanto’s code of ethics by 20% by August, 2015
Awareness is often difficult to quantify, however, the following metrics will facilitate a more
accurate understanding of this objective:
Examine the notes taken by each appointed ethics counselor to gauge increased employee
understanding of Monsanto’s existing code of ethics over the 16-month plan
Measure webpage visits from individual corporate networks to Monsanto’s online code
of ethics
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 18
Apply a rating system to the employees’ ability to answer the ethically challenging
questions proposed at the start of morning meetings
Objective 2: Increase employee involvement in ethics workshops, seminars, and activities put on
by Monsanto or other reputable ethics training organizations by 15% by August, 2015
Require employees to provide proof of attendance to independent ethics seminars
Measure attendance of Monsanto-organized ethics seminars
Objective 3: Improve Monsanto’s ranking on Covalence’s Annual Ethical Reputation Ranking by
10 places by its March, 2015 report.
Compare Monsanto’s 2015 ranking to its ranking from 2014
Objective 4: Increase Monsanto’s positive share of voice online, under the keyword search
“Monsanto Ethics” by 5% by August, 2015
Utilize sites like socialmention.com or meltwater.com to track share of voice and online
sentiment (tone of Monsanto’s share of voice)
Purchase the right to use more robust online listening and measurement tools like:
Viralheat, Spredfsast, Sysomos, Sprout Social, or UberVU
Plan Rationale
I believe this plan has the potential to play a vital role in the future success of Monsanto.
Becoming a more ethically understood company will allow Monsanto success in the long run, as
it expands its business practices. My rationale for the strategic implementation of the proposed
plan is based on the vital need for clarification and transparency of Monsanto’s ethical stances
both internally and externally. The strategic plan goes beyond basic compliance, however.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 19
This proposal is meant to serve as a guideline to be lived by and adhered to through every
employee action, for the safety and security of Monsanto’s reputation as an unethical company.
Ethical guidelines reinforced in this plan allow Monsanto employees to make difficult decisions
in many different right-versus-right scenarios.
The proposed strategic implementation process relies heavily on employee involvement,
particularly in regards to the internal objectives, strategies, and tactics. A potential problem for
my plan is a lack of willingness on the part of Monsanto employees to adhere with some of the
proposed requirements or incentive-based participation strategies. Another potential problem
lies in the external strategies regarding increased transparency. Activist groups and uninformed
publics may jump on some of the posts and hi-jack what we intend to be good press, and turn it
into a weak attempt at ethical behavior.
I hope you find this proposed ethics plan to be adherent with Monsanto’s existing
practices, and a critical addition to its current ethics planning program. I’m confident my
research and implementation strategies above will meet the Monsanto standard.
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 20
References
Arndt, M. (2010). Monsanto v. Food Inc. over How to Feed the World. Bloomberg Business Week http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/next/archives/2010/01/anyone_whos_see.html
Cesca, B. (2010) Monsanto Leads in Genetically Modified Agriculture, Trails in Ethics. Daily Finance
http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/04/08/monsanto‐leads‐in‐genetically‐modified‐agriculture‐
trails‐in‐e/
Food and Water Watch. (2013). Monsanto: A Corporate Profile. Food and Water Watch.
http://documents.foodandwaterwatch.org/doc/MonsantoReport.pdf
Monsanto. (2014). Awards and Recognition. Monsanto Co. http://www.monsanto.com/careers/pages/company-awards-recognition.aspx
Monsanto. (2014). Food, Inc FAQs. Monsanto Co. http://www.monsanto.com/food-inc/pages/faqs.aspx#q1
Monsanto. (2014). Financial Highlights. Monsnato Co. http://www.monsanto.com/investors/pages/financial-highlights.aspx
Monsanto. (2014). Products. Monsanto Co.http://www.monsanto.com/products/pages/default.aspx
Monsanto. (2014). Monsanto Code of Business Conduct. Monsanto Co. http://www.monsanto.com/sitecollectiondocuments/code-of-business-conduct- pdfs/code_of_conduct_english.pdf
Monsanto. (2014). Code of Ethics for Chief Executives and Senior Financial Officers. Monsanto Co. http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/pages/code-of-ethics.aspx
Monsanto. (2012). 2012 Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Report. Monsanto Co.
http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/pages/corporate‐sustainability‐report.aspx
Monsanto. (2014). Monsanto at a Glance Monsanto Co. http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/pages/default.aspx
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs. (2013).
http://www.publichealth.va.gov/PUBLICHEALTH/exposures/agentorange/conditions/index.asp
Monsanto. (2014). Stakeholder Engagement. Monsanto Co.
http://sustainability.monsanto.com/commitments/stakeholder‐engagement
CLIENT ETHICS PLAN: MONSANTO: ANDREW 21
Hess, A. (2013). A Noxious History: 5 of Monsanto’s Gravest Wrongdoings. Takepart.
http://www.takepart.com/photos/noxious‐history‐5‐monsantos‐dastardly‐deeds/pioneering‐
gmos
Barlett, L, D., Steele, B, J. Monsanto’s Harvest of Fear. Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/05/monsanto200805