monte carlo 2005, april 20, 2005 at chattanooga ion transport simulation using geant4 hadronic...
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Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Ion Transport Simulation using Ion Transport Simulation using Geant4 Hadronic PhysicsGeant4 Hadronic Physics
Ion Transport Simulation using Ion Transport Simulation using Geant4 Hadronic PhysicsGeant4 Hadronic Physics
Koi, TatsumiKoi, TatsumiSLACSLAC
And Geant4 Hadronic Working GroupAnd Geant4 Hadronic Working Group
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Contents• Cross sections
– NN total reaction formulae• Reactions
– Binary Cascade Light Ion– QGS Glauber
• Validation– Neutron Productions– Pion Productions– Neutron Yields– etc
• Conclusions
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
G4HadronicProcessGetMicrocopicCrossSection()
PostStepDoIt()
ModelsApplyYoursel()
Cross SectionsGetCrossSection()
When and where
an interaction will occur?
What will be generated
by this interaction?
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Cross Sections• Total reaction cross section is defined by
• Many cross section formulae for NN collisions are included in Geant4– Tripathi, Shen, Kox and Sihver
• These are empirical and parameterized formulae with theoretical insights.
• G4GeneralSpaceNNCrossSection was prepared to assist users in selecting the appropriate cross section formula.
EMdisElTotR
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
References to NN Cross Section Formulae
implemented in Geant4• Tripathi Formula
– NASA Technical Paper TP-3621 (1997)• Tripathi Light System (p, n ~ alpha)
– NASA Technical Paper TP-209726 (1999) • Kox Formula
– Phys. Rev. C 35 1678 (1987)• Shen Formula
– Nuclear Physics. A 49 1130 (1989)• Sihver Formula
– Phys. Rev. C 47 1225 (1993)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Inelastic Cross SectionC12 on C12
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Models• Binary Cascade Light Ion
related talk “The Binary Cascade” by H. P. Wellisch
• QGS Glauberrelated talk “Parton String Models In GEANT4” by G. Folger
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Binary Cascade ~Model Principals~
~related talk “The Binary Cascade” by H. P. Wellisch~
• In Binary Cascade, each participating nucleon is seen as a Gaussian wave packet, (like QMD)
• Total wave function is assumed to be direct product of these. (no anti-symmetrization)
• Participating means that they are either primary particles, or have been generated or scattered in the process of the cascade.
• This wave form have same structure as the classical Hamilton equations and can be solved numerically.
• The Hamiltonian is calculated using simple time independent optical potential. (unlike QMD)
• Collisions between participants are not considered. (unlike QMD)
xtip
tqxLLtpqx ii
ii 2
43
2exp2,,,
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Binary Cascade ~nuclear model ~• 3 dimensional model of the nucleus is construc
ted from A and Z.• Nucleon distribution follows
– A>16 Woods-Saxon model– Light nuclei harmonic-oscillator shell model
• Nucleon momenta are sampled from 0 to Fermi momentum and sum of these momenta is set to 0.
• time-invariant scalar optical potential is used.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Binary Cascade ~Light Ion Reactions~
• Two nuclei are prepared according to this model (previous page).
• The lighter nucleus is selected to be projectile.• Nucleons in the projectile are entered with position a
nd momenta into the initial collision state.• Until first collision of each nucleon, its Fermi motion i
s neglected in tracking.• Fermi motion and the nuclear field are taken into acc
ount in collision probabilities and final states of the collisions.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on
Carbon
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on
Copper
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Dual parton or quark gluon string model
– hadron hadron scattering-related talk “Parton String Models In GEANT4” by G. Folger
• In the approach based on the topological expansion, the Pomeranchuk pole is described by graphs of the cylindrical type, while the secondary Reggeons are described by planar graphs
• The planar case involves annihilation of valence quarks of the colliding hadrons, and a qq-bar string.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
• In the cylindrical (Pomeron) case, the colliding hadrons simply exchange one or several gluons, resulting in color coupling between the valence quarks of the hadrons. They are connected by quark gluon strings.
• Breaking the strings leads to the appearance of white hadrons.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Multiple Pomeron exchange
• The parameters of the Pomeron trajectory cannot at present be calculated, but are taken from fits to experimental data.
• (Ter-Martyrosian, Phys.Lett.44B,1973)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Hadron nucleus collisions• With respect to hadron hadron collisions, hadron
nuclear collisions offer the additional twist of multiple participating target nucleons.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Ion-ion reaction cross-sections.
• Ion-ion reactions simply add additional primary nucleon lines to the diagrams.
• The amplitudes calculated can be integrated to obtain reaction cross-sections for ion-ion collisions at high energies– From O(5A GeV) to O(10A TeV)– Predictions within about experimental errors.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Preliminary results of cross section predictions by QGS-Glauber
Prelim
inary Difference in Pb comes form mainlyEM dissociation effect
4.2 GeV/n C ions
156A GeV Pb ions
p C P C Pb
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Summary of Cross Section and models for N-N Inelastic
Interaction in Geant4
Cross Sections
Models
Tripathi & TripathiLightSystem ~10 GeV/A
Kox & Shen ~10 GeV/A
Binary Cascade Light Ions 10 GeV/A
~100 MeV/A Sihver
~5 GeV/A QGS - Glauber
Energy 1 GeV 10 GeV100 MeV
QGS-Glauber is not yet included the release
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Other Ion related processes already implemented in
Geant4 • Ionization Energy Loss which dedicated to Ions• Multiple Scattering
related talk “GEANT4 "Standard" Electromagnetic Physics Package” By M. Marie
• EM Dissociation• Abrasion-Ablation Model
– Macroscopic model for nuclear-nuclear interactionrelated talk “Implementation Of Nuclear-Nuclear Physics
In The GEANT4 Radiation Transport Toolkit For Interplanetary Space Missions” By P. Truscott
All these processes work together for Ion transportation in Geant4
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validations• Neutron Production
– Double Differential Cross Section– Angular Distribution
• Thick Target Neutron Yield• Pion Production• Fragment Production
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 400MeV/n Ne20
on Carbon
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 600MeV/n Ne20
on Copper
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 560MeV/n
Ar40 on Lead
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Quantitative comparison between
the measured and calculated cross sections
R = (σ calculate - σ measure ) /σ measure
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Distribution of Rs Carbon Beams
C 400MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]R
atio
%
C 290MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]
Rat
io %
Target Materials
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
Overestimate
Underestimate
209
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Distribution of Rs Neon Beams
Target Materials
Ne 400MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]
Rat
io %
Ne 600MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]R
atio
%
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Distribution of Rs Argon Beams
Ar 560MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]R
atio
%
Target Materials
Ar 400MeV/ n
- 100
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80
Laboratory Angle [Degree]
Rat
io %
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Distribution of Rsfor QMD and HIC Calculation
(done by original author)
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
100%
Iwata et al.,Phys. Rev. C64 pp. 05460901(2001)
-100%Overestimate
Underestimate
R = 1/σ measure
x(σ measure -σcalculate )
QMD HIC
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation results Pions from 1.05 A GeV/c C on Be, C, Cu and Pb
J. Papp, LBL-3633, (1975)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Thick Target Neutron Yield
• Thick target is a target which can stops incidence heavy ions completely.
• Not only a reaction model but also other ion related process of Geant4 are tested by this validation.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldArgon 400 MeV/n beams
Carbon Thick Target Aluminium Thick Target
T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldArgon 400 MeV/n beams
Copper Thick Target Lead Thick Target
T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldFe 400 MeV/n beams
CarbonThick Target Aluminum Thick Target
T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldFe 400 MeV/n beams
Copper Thick Target Lead Thick Target
T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Fragment ProductionSi 490 MeV/ n on C
1
10
100
1000
Al Mg Na Ne F O N C
Particle Species
Cro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
DATAG4
Si 490 MeV/ n on H
1
10
100
1000
Al Mg Na Ne F O N C
Particle Species
Cro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
DATAG4
F. Flesch et al., J, RM, 34 237 2001
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Fragment ProductionSi 453 MeV/ n on Al
1
10
100
1000
Al Mg Na Ne F O N C
Particle Species
Cro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
DATAG4
Si 490 MeV/ n on Cu
1
10
100
1000
Al Mg Na Ne F O N C
Particle Species
Cro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
DATAG4
F. Flesch et al., J, RM, 34 237 2001
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
The people involvedJ. P. Wellisch (CERN)G. Folger (CERN)B. Trieu (CERN)P. Truscott (ESA)I. Corneliu (INFN)
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Conclusions• Now Geant4 has abundant processes for
Ion interactions with matter.• Without any extra modules, users may
simulate ion transportation in the complex and realistic geometries of Geant4
• Validation has begun and the first results show reasonable agreement with data. This work continues.
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 290MeV/n C12 on
Carbon
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 400MeV/n C12 on
Carbon
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 400MeV/n C12 on
Copper
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 400MeV/n Ne20
on Copper
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 400MeV/n
Ne20 on Lead
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 600MeV/n Ne20
on Carbon
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Validation resultsNeutrons from 600MeV/n
Ne20 on Lead
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldXe 400 MeV/n beams
CarbonThick Target Aluminum Thick Target
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldXe 400 MeV/n beams
CopperThick Target Lead Thick Target
Monte Carlo 2005, April 20, 2005 at Chattanooga
Neutron YieldSi 800 MeV/n beams
Carbon Thick Target Copper Thick Target