BY:- HINA KHALID

Discrete period of time in which the person’s

behavior is dominated by either depressed or

manic mood.

Depression

Mania

Bipolar affective disorder

Condition of mental disturbance typically with the lack of energy & difficulty in maintaining concentration & interest in life .

“SIGNS N SYMPTOMS”

1. COGNITIVE:-

Poor concentration , indecisiveness , poor self- esteem, suicidal thoughts, delusions .

2. PYHSIOLOGICAL & BEHAVIORAL:-

Sleep/appetite disturbances, psychomotor problems, fatigue, loss of memory.

3. EMOTIONAL:-

Sadness, depressed mood, irritability, anhedonia (loss of interest / pleasure in usual activities)

GENETIC COMPONENTS:-

_10-20% of life time risk of depression

o can affect personality

o Negative thinking

o Psychothmic personality

o Cognitive

o HPA( Hypo pituitary axis problem)

o Vulnerability(when a preexisting vulnerability, is activated by stressful life events)

o Personality factors (Psychothymic personality)

o Early environment

o Social factors

o Neurobiological factors(monoamine hypothesis)

o Mild Depression:-

no pharmacotherapy, mild psychotherapy

o Moderate Depression:-

moderate pharmacotherapy & drugs .

o Severe Depression:-

Intense psychotherapy, drugs.

“A distinct period of abnormally & persistently elevated/ expansive mood, lasting at least one week”

SIGNS N SYMPTOMS:-

Inflated self-esteem

decreased need for sleep(insomnia)

more talkative than usual,laughter,jovial mode

flight of ideas

Distractibility

Increase in activity directed at achieving goals

Excessive involvement in dangerous activities (risk taking

Flertitious sort of atitude

Speech volume /tone increased

Restlessness

Irratibility