mooreparker9 ppt ch01a-1 - northcentral technical...

The Basics!

© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter 1: First of Two Parts

When you try to support orprove a claim, you give a what?

• An argument

© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 2

The part of an argument you tryto support is called the what?

• The conclusion

3© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

The part that does thesupporting is?

• The premise (or premises)


A. One only

B. More than one

An argument can have howmany conclusions?


How many premises can anargument have?A. One only

B. More than one


“Carl would like to help out, but hewon't be in town. So we'll have to findsomeone else who owns a truck.”

Is this an argument?

A.Yes

B.No


“Carl would like to help out, but hewon't be in town. So we'll have to findsomeone else who owns a truck.”

What’s the conclusion?

A.First sentence

B.Second sentence


“The Directory of Intentional Communitieslists more than two hundred groups acrossthe country organized around a wide varietyof purposes, including environmentallyaware living.”

Argument?

A.Yes

B.No


“Fears that chemicals in teething rings andsoft plastic toys may cause cancer may bejustified. Last week, the Consumer ProductSafety Commission issued a reportconfirming that low amounts of DEHP, knownto cause liver cancer in lab animals, may beabsorbed from certain infant products.”

Argument?

A.Yes

B.No


“Can it be established that genetic humanityis sufficient for moral humanity? I think thereare very good reasons for not defining themoral community in this way.”

Argument?

A.Yes

B.No


“Was Bush a good president? Heck yeah!He was great! If you don’t know that, yourparents must be brother and sister.”

Arg?

A.Yes

B.No


“Computers will never be able to converseintelligently through speech. A simpleexample proves this is so. The sentences‘How do you recognize speech?’ and ‘How doyou wreck a nice beach?’ have entirelydifferent meanings, but they sound similarenough that a computer could notdistinguish the two.”

Argument?

A.Yes

B.No


“Computers will never be able to converseintelligently through speech. A simpleexample proves this is so. The sentences‘How do you recognize speech?’ and ‘How doyou wreck a nice beach?’ have entirelydifferent meanings, but they sound similarenough that a computer could notdistinguish the two.”

What is the conclusion of this argument?

A.The first sentence

B.The second sentence

C.The third sentence14© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

“Will hot water freeze faster than cold water?A lot of people have that idea, but they arewrong. Cold water freezes faster than hotwater.”

What sentence contains the conclusion?



C.The third sentence


16

??© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

“Will hot water freeze faster that coldwater? A lot of people have that idea, butthey are wrong. Cold water freezes fasterthan hot water.”

Ha! It isn’t an argument!


“Who do I think will win American Idolnext time? Not Fred Thompson.”


A.The second sentence

B.The third sentence

C.This isn’t an argument.


"Some theorists believe it is appropriate toprevent people who enter politics fromusing their office to make financial gains.Others feel it may be shortsighted to createsituations that violate the essence ofpolitical representation. Neither point ofview is correct."




C.The third sentence

D.This isn’t an argument.19© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

"The victims' blood was on the glove theyfound behind Simpson's house. That meansSimpson committed the murders.”

Which of these statements implies that thePREMISE is false?

1.“Maybe someone planted the glovebehind his house.”

2.“So what? They didn’t link the glove toSimpson.”

3.“It was the same blood type, but itwasn’t their blood.”


“The lawn was reseeded this fall.Therefore, we won’t track mud into thehouse in the spring.”

Which of these statements implies thatthe PREMISE is false?

a.Maybe the new seed won’t germinate.

b.Maybe the seed will germinate but willdie out before spring.

c.Both of the above

d.None of the above


New Topic.What is an ISSUE??????

22

Issue: a question that’s been raised

© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Can a single person raise anissue?

• Yes


“Let me tell you why Hank shouldn’t takethat math course. First, it's too hard, and he'llprobably flunk it. Second, he's going to spendthe whole term in a state of frustration. Third,he'll probably get depressed and do poorly inall the rest of his courses.”

The issue?

A.Whether Hank should take the math course

B.Whether Hank would flunk the math course

C.Whether Hank will spend the whole term in astate of frustration

D.Whether Hank will get depressed and dopoorly in all the rest of his courses


“The defeat of the school voucher initiativewas a bad thing for the country becausenow there won't be any incentive for publicschools to clean up their act. Furthermore,the defeat perpetuates the private-school-for-the-rich, public-school-for-the-poorsyndrome.”

What is the issue?


The issue is…

A. Whether there is now any incentivefor public schools to clean up their act

B. Whether the defeat of the schoolvoucher initiative was bad for the country

C. Two issues are equally stressed in thepassage; whether there is now anyincentive for public schools to clean uptheir acts, AND whether the private-school-for-the-rich, public-school-for-the-poor syndrome will be perpetuated.


“The party image of Choo-Choo State is notexaggerated. Surveys indicate a majority ofChoo-Choo State students spend more time‘socializing’ than preparing for classes.”

What is the issue?

A.Whether the surveys are accurate

B.Whether the surveys show the partyimage is exaggerated

C.Whether the party image isexaggerated


“The party image of Choo-Choo State is notexaggerated. Surveys indicate a majority ofChoo-Choo State students say they spendmore time ‘socializing’ than preparing forclasses.”

What is the speaker’s POSITION onthe issue?

A.The party image of Choo-Choo Stateis exaggerated.

B.The party image of Choo-Choo Stateis not exaggerated.


“The party image of Choo-Choo State is notexaggerated. Surveys indicate a majority ofChoo-Choo State students say they spendmore time ‘socializing’ than preparing forclasses.”

Repeat: the ISSUE is…

• WHETHER the party image of Choo-Choo State is exaggerated.

The speaker’s POSITION is…

• THAT the party image of Choo-ChooState is NOT exaggerated.


“California’s telecom providers are getting anice break from Schwarzenegger. He’swaiving their fees for installing fiber opticconduit along state-owned rights of way.”

What is the issue?

A.Whether Calif’s telecom providers are gettinga nice break from Schwarzenegger

B.Whether Schwarzenegger is waiving the providers’fees

C.Whether Schwarzenegger is doing theright thing by waiving the providers’ fees

D.That Calif’s telecom providers are getting a nicebreak from Schwarzenegger


PENELOPE: I think toilet paperlooks better if it unwinds from theback side of the spool.

PENNY: Not me. I think it looksbetter the other way.

Is Penny addressing the issue raisedby Penelope?

A.Yes

B.No


Review• Argument

• Premise vs. Conclusion

• Issue vs. position on an issue

• Conclusion is a person’s position onan issue


PARKER: Bush’s latest Iraq proposalis going to make matters worse.

MOORE: You’re just saying that becauseyou’re a Democrat.

Is Moore addressing the issue raised byParker?

A.Yes

B.No


R.J: As far as I am concerned, thereare too many casinos around already.They should stop building new ones.

R.J.’s GIRL FRIEND: Yeah? Well, that’sa strange idea coming from someonewho plays the lottery all the time.

Is R.J.’s girl friend addressing theissue raised by R.J.?

A.Yes

B.No


KATIE: Hey, Jennifer. I hate to say this, but ifyou picked up your stuff once in a while thisplace would look a lot better.

JENNIFER: Hey, you leave things layingaround too. You and your stupid boy friend.

Is Jennifer addressing the issue raisedby Katie?

A.Yes

B.No


DEZRA: What are you doing riding amotorcycle without a helmet? That’s totallyunsafe.

DENNIS: C’mon. I’ve seen you driving aroundwithout a seat belt.

Is DENNIS addressing the issue raisedby DEZRA?

A.Yes

B.No


LEE: Nice thing about Macs…theydon’t get viruses.

HAM: Of course you would say that.You own one.

Is HAM addressing the issue raised byLEE?

A.Yes

B.No

37

HAM doesn’t address the issue ofwhether Macs get viruses. Instead,he addresses the issue of LEE’smotivation for praising Macs.


Want to see the second part?


39

Roy

alty

-Fre

e/C

OR

BIS

Bring ‘er on!Yeah!


mooreparker9 ppt ch01a-1 - northcentral technical...

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