Install OS using an iso image

1. Create a folder named “fedora” in root directory.

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$ sudo mkdir fedora

2. Copy the iso image to the folder created in previous step.

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$ sudo cp /media/vaio/fedora-image.iso /fedora/ 3. Mount the iso image to CD-Rom.

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$ sudo mount -o loop /fedora/fedora-image.iso /media/cdrom

4. Copy the kernel file named “vmlinuz” initrd file “initrd.img” from the mounted volume. Path to copy these files are as follows,

Distributions Kernel initrd Fedora /isolinux/vmlinuz /isolinux/initrd.img Ubuntu /casper/vmlinuz /casper/initrd.gz Mandriva /i586/isolinux/alt0/vmlinuz /i586/isolinux/alt0/all.rdz OpenSUSE /boot/i386/loader/linux /boot/i386/initrd.gz Debian /install.386/vmlinuz /install.386/initrd.gz RHEL5 / CentOS /isolinux/vmlinuz /isolinux/initrd.img

5. Open the menu.lst file from /boot/grub/

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$ sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

6. Add the following in menu.lst file

title Fedora 10 Installerroot (hd0,3)kernel /fedora/vmlinuzinitrd /fedora/initrd.img

7. Restart the system and select the menu “Fedora 10 Installer” from grub menu to install fedora-10.

To change the user password

sudo passwd <user-name>

To delete the user password

sudo sudo passwd -d <user-name>

To lock the user

sudo passwd -l <user-name> To unlock the user

sudo passwd -u <user-name

To encrypt the file in vim editor

vim -x <file-name>

Use shell inside vim editor

To use shell

press Esc and :sh

To resume file

press ^d (ctrl+d)

Differentiate And Patch The File

To differentiate files and create patch file

diff -c oldprg.c newprg.c > prg.patch

To patch the File

patch oldprg.c < prg.patch

To open microsoft office 2007 (docx) file in OpenOffice Wordprocessor

$ sudo apt-get install libgif4 libungif4g

Split And Combine Big File

To split the file

For example, consider a file image.iso of size 600MB. We can split the file into 3 parts of 200MB each.

split -b 200m image.iso

This creates xaa xab xac of 200m each.

To the splited files

cat xa* > newimage.iso

This combines the 3 files into a single iso file named “newimage.iso”.

Send Mail In Terminal

To check status of sendmail

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/etc/init.d$ sendmail status

To start sendmail option

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/etc/init.d$ sendmail start

Sending Mail

vishnu@VishnuRaj:~$echo “mail body” | mail -s “subject” <to-address>

Sending mail from text file

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$mail -s “subject” to-address < mail-body.txt

Sending mail with attachment

vishnu@VishnuRaj:/$echo “mail body” | mutt -s “subject” -a fileattach.gif <to-address>

Adding Wallpapers To Boot Menu

1. Choose a picture and then load it into the GIMP (right-click and select Open With -> Open with "GIMP Image Editor").

2. Right-click the image within GIMP and select Image ? Scale Image. In the Width box, type 640 and hit the Tab key. The Height box should then automatically change to 480.

3. Right-click the image again within The GIMP and select Image ->Mode -> Indexed and then type 14 into the Maximum Number of Colors box.

Then click the Convert button.

4. Right-click the image again within GIMP and select File -> Save As. Give the file a name in the Name box, and use the .xpm file extension.

5. Open a terminal window and type the following (this assumes the file was saved to the desktop):

$ sudo mkdir /boot/grub/splashimages $ gzip ~/Desktop/bootwallaper.xpm $ sudo mv ~/Desktop/bootwallpaper.xpm.gz /boot/grub/splashimages

6. Replace bootwallpaper mentions above with the filename you chose.

7. Then open the boot menu file for editing in Gedit:

$ sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

8. Look for the line that begins ## ## End Default Options ## and, below, add a new line.

splashimage=(hd0,3)/boot/grub/splashimages/bootwallaper.xpm.gz.

As above, replace bootwallpaper with the filename you chose. See Figure for an example taken from my test PC. Save the file and then reboot to see the new wallpaper in action.