morphing,
DESCRIPTION
Morphing, . and. Warping. Blending. Cartographic Applications. Definition. Morphing is a special technique that creates a smooth, controlled transformation of one image into another. . Transforming Shape. Warping vs Morphing Warping Single object - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Morphing,
Cartographic Applications
and
DefinitionMorphing is a special technique that creates a smooth, controlled transformation of one image into another.
Transforming Shape
Warping vs MorphingWarping
•Single object
•Specification of original and deformed states
Morphing
•Two objects
•Specification of initial and final states
Warping and Morphing
Warping• Source object• No target object
Morphing• Source object• Target object
Warping versus Morphing Warping
Morphing
Specification of TransformationsGlobal Transformations
Affine MapsProjective MapsNon-Linear Maps
Specification
DefinitionsCorrespondence
association between two regions defines original and final states
Specification set of correspondences
Warping x MorphingWarping
Single objectSpecification of original and deformed states
Morphing (metamorphosis)Two objectsSpecification of initial and final states
Types of SpecificationParametricPartition-basedFeature-basedAutomatic or semi-automatic
Parametric Specification
Specification by PartitionRegions cover the entire objectRegular x Irregular partitionsSame topology: original and final sets
Partition Examples
Specification by FeaturesRegions do not cover the objectDimension of features £ object dimensionExamples: points, vectors, planes, boxes,...
Feature (Vector) Examples
Transforming Attributes
Texture, Color
Linear BlendingA and B objects in a vector space
c(t) = (1 - t) A + t Bc(0) = A, c(1) = B
Functions (attributes)Subsets of space (shape)Also Bilinear, Trilinear and Affine Blending
Shape Warp + Attribute Blending
Linear Color Interpolation(cross dissolve)
Some Guidelines for a good morphing
Feature preservationSmoothness preservationAvoid linearities
use adaptive methods
Avoid leakage
Select and warp foreground only
Example of Morphing and Attribute Transformation form Fantamorph
Geometry DeformationChange of Coordinate Systems
AnimationEmphasisStretchSquashDistortion plus Motion
AnimationKeyframesTweens
MotionShape
The World according to Aaron “Garp” Arthur
Types of Warps
Warping Techniques
Barycentric mappingField-based mappingRadial basis functions - RBFFree-form deformation - FFDMulti-pass spline meshPhysically-based warping
Parametric (global) warping
translation rotation aspect
affineperspective
cylindrical
Examples
xT = xs (cos(+ ys (sin())yT = ys (cos()) - xs (sin())
Rotation
Scale Change
xT = mxs
yT = nys
Scaling coefficient m usually is the same as n
Translation
xs = xs + Dxys = ys + Dy
Bilinear Coordinate Transformation
Bilinear Coordinate TransformationTransformation Equations are:
xT = axs + bys + cxsys + dyT = exs + fys + gxsys + h
Which are solved simultaneouslyFrom a minimum of 4 points whoseCoordinates are known in both systems.
Forward warpingSend each pixel f(x,y) to its corresponding location
(x’,y’) = T(x,y) in the second imageif pixel lands “between” two pixels distribute color among neighboring pixels (x’,y’), known as “splatting”
f(x,y) g(x’,y’)x x’
T(x,y)y y’
Origin Target
Inverse WarpingGet each pixel g(x’,y’) from its corresponding location
(x,y) = T-1(x’,y’) in the first imageif pixel comes from “between” two pixels, Interpolate color value from neighbors
nearest neighbor, bilinear, Gaussian, bicubic
Inverse warping usually better because it eliminates holes, but it is not always possible.
f(x,y) g(x’,y’)xy
x x’
T-1(x,y)y’
Origin Target
ApplicationsGenesis in the graphic arts, moviesYet, Morphing is not just a special effect:Lens distortion correctionGraphical objects modelingMotion capture data interpolationAccelerated Rendering
ApplicationsMapping “significance”
Area = the relative significance of states based on electoral college votes
Applications: Interpolation of AnimationExample: Glacial Metamorphosis
Considerations: Frame time resolutionSpeed of motionRealistic shapes
Georegister Maps: Example Rubber Sheeting in ArcGIS
For two raster maps in separate layers in ArcGIS. Look up procedure in Help under “georeferencing.”
Work with tools in georeferencing menu bar
httpChina Historical GIS: georeferencing
Applications: PhotorectificationExample: Leica Photogrammetry SuiteCorrects for camera, camera angle, and relief distortions.
Applications: Showing ChangeNot just areal change, but also warping of a surface to show change in mapped parameters, such as population density or temperature.
Terragen: Mount St. Helens Morph
Is this morph realistic?
Software used in different types of morphingImage morphing software
Morpheous Photo Morpher www.morpheoussoftware.net
Winmorph http://debugmode.com/winmorph
Abrosoft Fantatmorph www.fantamorph.com
Terrain imaging softwareTerragen http://www.planetside.co.uk
Bryrce 5.5 http://bryce.daz3d.com/55index.php
Other software capable of morphingAutodesk Map 3D 2007 www.autodesk.com
Esri Arcview 9.1 www.esri.com
Flash 8 www.macromedia.com
Landscapes done in Bryce
‘Canyon Walls’ by Burpee ‘Hidden Valley‘ by Andy Simmons
Landscape created in terragen
By: Giancarolo http://www.timster.net/terragenasart/site/giancarlo-flight2.html