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8/13/2019 Morphology Oleri

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Exercise 2.1: (Continue with laboratory 1)

Observation of fungi colony and bacteria isolated on NA and PDA.

Exercise 2.2

2.2.1 Symptoms caused by insect pests

Host common name : Spinach

Part of plant : Leaves

Damage sings : Chewing

Host common name : Ipomea Aquatica

Part of plant : Leaves

Damage sings : Chewing

Replication NA PDA

Form

1 No growth Irregular

2 No growthColony 1: IrregularColony 2: Flamentous

3 Contaminated Dark green: Irregular

Color

1 No growth White

2 No growthColony 1: Dark green

Colony 2: White

3 Contaminated Dark green

Size

1 No growth 2.2cm

2 No growthColony 1: 1.23cmColony 2: 2.5cm

3 Contaminated 1.5cm

Elevation

1 No growth Flat

2 No growthColony 1: Flat

Colony 2: Flat

3 Contaminated Flat

Margin

1 No growth Undulate

2 No growthColony 1:Filiform

Colony 2: Filiform

3 Contaminated Undulate

Surface

1 No growth Smooth

2 No growthColony 1: Fluffy

Colony 2: Fluffy3 Contaminated Fluffy


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Exercise 2.2

2.2.2The insects are present which is called Assassin Ladybug or in scientific nameReduviidae.

From the observation that we observe under dissecting microscope, Assassin Ladybug has dark

brown head, thorax and legs. It also has brown abdomen plus black and yellow markings onedges abdomen. Moreover, it has light brown wings. Assassin Ladybug long-necked mouth-

shaped curve tool folded under his body. This Ladybug eating aphids, small worms and eggs of

other insects.

2.2.3. Insect zoo

2.2.3.1 Life cycle of an insect pest

Place an associated part of the crop into a given container (aquarium). Place a moist tissue inside

the container. Some insect will pupate in soil or on leaves.

Observe the development of the insect until it completes its cycle.

EGG STAGE

Were the eggs laid on the plant or soil?which part of the plant? If on leave, upper or lower

surface of leave? What are the shape, size and colors of the eggs? How long does the egg

stage last before they hatch into caterpillars? How many days pass before the egg hatch

into caterpillar?

Lay on the leave of plant. On the leave. Upper part. Shape is depends on type of the butterfly

whether it is oval, round and cylindrical egg. Color bright orange. The egg stage last before theyhatch into caterpillars is in 2 days.

LARVAE STAGES

Where do you find the larvae? What the size and color of the larvae when they hatche? Do

the larvae change color when they grow? How big are they before they pupate? How long

does the larval stage?

The upper side of the leaves and sometime under the leaves. The size of the larvae is 1.5 cm and

the color is light green. Yes, the larvae change the color into dark green when give them enoughfood. Around 1 to 2 cm. 5 to 6 days.

PUPAL STAGE

Where does the caterpillar pupate? What is the color of pupa? What is the size of the

pupa? How long does the pupa stage last?

Caterpillar pupate under the leaf. The color of the pupa is light brown. The size of the pupa is

around 1.4 cm. The pupa stage last in 5 days.


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ADULT STAGE

What is the color of the adult? How long does it last?

The color of the adult (butterfly) is white and brown. The adult stage last in 2 weeks.

OBSERVATION

The approximate temperature is 25oC.

STAGE DESCRIPTION

Egg Lay on the leave of plant. On the leave. Upper

part. Shape is depends on type of the butterfly

whether it is oval, round and cylindrical egg.Color bright orange. The egg stage last before

they hatch into caterpillars is in 2 days.Larvae There are 5 caterpillars placed in aquarium and

feed with amaranth leave. The color of the

larvae is light green and after 2 days itbecomes dark green in color. Around 5 days

after placed in the aquarium, the pupa started

to appear.

Pupa The pupa is bright in color. Some of them

place under the leaves and some on the tissuewhich is used to give water and humidity in the

aquarium. It takes around 5 days for the

caterpillar to come out from the pupa. Thenonly 4 butterflies appear. One pupa does not

break to become a butterfly.

Adult The butterfly white and brown in color. From

the observation, the butterfly lives for 2 weeks

after come out from the pupa after givesufficient water. After 2 weeks, all butterflies

die.


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2.2.3.2. Predation activity

Predation Activity (Prey-Predator)

WEEK 1 (27.10.2013 - 2.11.2013)

WEEK 2 (3.11.2013- 9.11.2013) WEEK 3 (10.11.201316.11.2013)

*10 caterpillars and 1 ladybird added in the aquarium

*Amaranthleaves

No. Day/ Date

(Year: 2013)

Activities

Caterpillar (Prey) Ladybird (Predator)

1. Sunday27.10

5caterpillarswere disappeared,probably it hide under the leaves.

Only 5 left at the outside.

The color of its body was greenlight. The caterpillars eat the

Amaranth leaves.

The ladybird always placedthemselves at the top of the

aquarium.

2. Monday

28.10

5caterpillars still disappeared, 2

were died or consumed by ladybird

(do not know exactly), only 3left atthe outside and both were a big

caterpillar and remained same in

color. The caterpillars eat the

Amaranth leaves.

The ladybird was still

alive.

3. Tuesday29.10

Only 3 of the caterpillars left,green light in color. The

caterpillars eat the Amaranth

leaves.

The ladybird was stillalive.

4. Wednesday

30.10

2 caterpillars still left. It was very

active and always commuted in theaquarium. After observed below

the leaves, there were many

caterpillars pupate under the

leaves. There are about 6 of pupas,with 0.7cm long and white/pale

white in color.Maybe the

caterpillars that were disappeared

before probably the day of pupastage of caterpillars. The

caterpillars eat the Amaranth

leaves.


alive.

5. Thursday

31.10

All the caterpillars were

disappeared. There are many


alive.


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caterpillars pupate under the

leaves.

6. Friday

1.11

There were no caterpillars left. 7

pupas present under the leaves. 3caterpillars actually have died,

because there are 3 corpse ofcaterpillar body at the site of leaf.

The ladybird walked down

around the leaves.

7. Saturday

2.11

Today, 1 butterfly appeared. The

colors of its body look like brownwood with white line at the middle

of the wings. The butterfly body

was 1.2 cm long, its wing hasdiameter about 1.5 cm. Their body

shows white in color.


alive.

8. Sunday

3.11

Today, 3 butterflies appeared. The

colors of its body look like brown

wood with white line at the middleof the wings. The butterfly bodywas 1.2 cm long, its wing has

diameter about 1.5 cm. Their body

shows white in color.


alive.

9. Monday4.11

The other one of butterflyappeared. The total butterflies

(today) were 4. All butterflies were

in same color, brown wood with

white line at the middle of thewings.


10. Tuesday5.11 1 butterfly died. Only 3 butterfliesleft in the aquarium. The ladybird was stillalive.

11. Wednesday6.11

1more butterfly died. Only 2butterflies left in the aquarium.


12. Thursday7.11

The 2 butterflies were still aliveand showed active motion (fly

everywhere).

The ladybird was stillalive, but weak. Its

abdomens showed black in

color.

13. Friday

8.11

The 2 butterflies were still alive

and showed active motion (flyeverywhere).

Unfortunately, the ladybird

died.

14. Saturday9.11

Both butterflies were alive andvery active. They fly everywhere

in the aquarium, especially in the

morning.

The ladybird died. Noactivities will be record for

ladybird.

15. Sunday10.11

Both butterflies were alive andvery active. They fly everywhere

in the aquarium, especially in the


ladybird.


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morning.

16. Monday

11.11

Both butterflies were alive and

very active. They fly everywhere

in the aquarium, especially in themorning.

The ladybird died. No

activities will be record for

ladybird.

17. Tuesday12.11

1 more butterfly died. Only 1butterfly left in the aquarium.


ladybird.

18. Wednesday

13.11

Only 1 butterfly left in the

aquarium. It is very active and flyeverywhere in the aquarium,

especially in the morning.


activities will be record forladybird.

19. Thursday

14.11

Only 1 butterfly left in the

aquarium. It is very active and fly

everywhere in the aquarium,




ladybird.

20. Friday15.11

Only 1 butterfly left in theaquarium. It is very active and flyeverywhere in the aquarium,


The ladybird died. Noactivities will be record forladybird.

21. Saturday

16.11

All the butterflies died. No

activities will be record for the

butterflies.



ladybird.

Questions

1.

Did the predator eat any caterpillars? If so, how many per day?- The predator for this predation activity is ladybird. Ladybird in the aquarium does noteat any caterpillars. Ladybird has soft bodies that easy to munch, so it just pick

smaller species that are easier to capture and eat. That is the reasons why ladybird in

the aquarium does not eat any caterpillars.

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