morphology1 lecture 1

8/20/2019 Morphology1 Lecture 1

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MORPHOLOGY1WORDS OF LANGUAGE

Introduction

Instructor: Borb!" #u!i$nn$% P&D


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'HE WORDS OFLANGUAGELinguistic Sign: A ($irin) b*t+**n $ ,or-.sound% or in si)n !$n)u$)*s $ /isu$!-o/*-*nt0

$nd $ -*$nin)o Usu$!!" $rbitr$r"

Lexicon: Our -*nt$! diction$r" o, $!! t&*+ords+* no+

◦ A!!o+s us to do t&in)s !i* (ic out t&* +ords in

◦ MybrotherBillisagreatbaseballplayer.

#ust n**ds to b* -*-ori2*d3!*$rn*d


3/17

4ON'EN' AND FUN4'IONWORDSOpen class (Content) words: t&* +ords t&$tcon/*" conc*(tu$! -*$nin) .nouns% /*rbs%$d5*cti/*s% *tc60on*+ t"(*s o, cont*nt +ords c$n b* $dd*d $!! t&* ti-*7

o

*8$-(!*s99Closed class (Function) words: t&* +ords

t&$t con/*" )r$--$tic$! -*$nin) .$rtic!*s%(r*(ositions% con5unctions% *tc60on*+ ,unction +ords $r* /*r" r$r*!" $dd*d to $

!$n)u$)*o(*o(!* &$/* tri*d to $dd $ )*nd*r n*utr$! rd (*rson

◦ (ronoun inst*$d o, &* or s&* .2*90


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4ON'EN' AND FUN4'IONWORDS

Content words

NOUNS: boo%stor-% $rri/$!

VERBS: (us&% sit%no+

!"EC#$VES: )ood% b!u*% Po!is&

!VERBS:;uic!"% /*r"%,ortun$t*!"

Function words

%RONOUN: "ou% t&is%nobod"

%RE%OS$#$ON: on%

,or% b*c$us* o,

CON"UNC#$ON: $nd%i,% +&i!*

NU&ERL: on*% t+ic*%

t&irdR#$CLE: t&*% $

$N#ER"EC#$ON: ouc&%ts


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MORPHEMES

&orp'ee: t&* -ini-$! units o,-*$nin)oMor(&*-*s c$n b* +ords on t&*ir o+n%

$nd3or c$n o,t*n b* co-bin*d +it&ot&*r -or(&*-*s to -$* +ords

E6)6 t&* +ord book &$s on* -or(&*-*

E6)6 t&* +ord books &$s t+o -or(&*-*s: book < =s N (!ur$! -$r*r


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Loo $t -*7

Ho+ -$n" -or(&*-*s $r* t&*r*in disrespectfully?

◦ Ans+*r:


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BOUND AND FREE MORPHEMES

Free orp'ees: -or(&*-*st&$t c$n st$nd $!on*◦ E6)6 love, dog, run

Bound orp'ees:-or(&*-*s t&$t c$nnot st$nd

$!on*% but -ust b* $tt$c&*d toot&*r -or(&*-*s◦ E6)6 un= $nd =ish


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%rexes: bound -or(&*-*st&$t $tt$c& to t&* beginning o, $root◦ E6)6 un= $s in untie

Su*xes: bound -or(&*-*s

t&$t $tt$c& to t&* end o, $ root

◦ E6)6 =ness $s in kindness


9/17


$nxes: -or(&*-*s t&$t $r*ins*rt*d inside $ root


10/17

ROO'S AND S'EMS

Roots: t&* -or(&*-* b$s* u(on +&ic&ot&*r -or(&*-*s $r* $tt$c&*d to cr*$t*co-(!*8 +ords: un-love-able

Stes: onc* $n $>8 &$s b**n $tt$c&*dto $ root% t&* r*su!t is c$!!*d $ st*- to+&ic& -or* -or(&*-*s -$" b* $tt$c&*d:un-lovable

*xes: -or(&*-*s +&ic& $tt$c& toroots $nd st*-s: un-love-able


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Bound roots: Roots t&$t c$nnotst$nd $!on* $nd c$n on!" occur inco-bin$tion +it& ot&*r -or(&*-*s◦

=ceive: receive, conceive, perceive,deceive

◦ Ungainly (*gainly), discern (*cern),

nonplussed (*plussed)

◦ uckleberry, cranberry


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RULES OF WORD FORMA'ION

!eri+ational orp'ees c&$n)*t&* -*$nin) $nd3or ($rt o, s(**c& o,$ root◦

Addin) –un to t&* +ord do c&$n)*s t&*-*$nin) dr$stic$!!"

◦ Addin) ,ish to t&* noun boy cr*$t*s t&*$d5*cti/* boyish

D*ri/$tion$! -or(&*-*s c$rr" s*-$ntic-*$nin) $nd $r* !i* t&* $>8 /*rsion o,cont*nt +ords


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$n-ectional orp'ees &$/* on!")r$--$tic$! ,unction .si-i!$r to,unction +ords0 $nd n*/*r c&$n)* t&*($rt o, s(**c& o, t&* root◦ !aited% !aits% !aiting

In?*ction$! -or(&*-*s $r* $!+$"s

su>8*s in En)!is& $nd $!+$"s ,o!!o+ $n"d*ri/$tion$! -or(&*-*s◦ co""it < "ent c$n b*co-* co""it < "ent

< s but not co""it < s < "ent


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In?*ction$! -or(&*-*s $r*producti+e% -*$nin) t&*" $((!",r**!" to $!-ost $n" $((ro(ri$t*

b$s*

◦ Most nouns +i!! t$* t&* in?*ction$!su>8 @s to -$* $ (!ur$! noun

◦ On!" so-* nouns +i!! t$* t&*d*ri/$tion$! su>8 @i#e to -$* $ /*rb


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HIERAR4HI4AL S'RU4'URE OFWORDS

Mor(&*-*s $r* $dd*d to $ b$s*in $ C8*dord*r +&ic& r*?*cts t&*structur* o, $ +ord

unsyste"atic un < syste" <atic

'REE


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O'HER MORPHOLOGI4ALPRO4ESSESBac./0orations: n*+ +ords

c$n b* cr*$t*d t&rou)&-is$n$!"sis o, -or(&*-*

bound$ri*s

◦ bikini → "onokini

◦ editor → edit ◦ television → televise

morphology1 lecture 1

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