mortem et glorian army lists - arabia - lurkio · a major byzantine expedition into southern...

Version 2020.01: 1st January 2020 © Simon Hall

Army Lists Arabia

Contents Early Arab Conquest 629 to 637 CE Salamiyah Qarmatian 874 to 899 CE Arab Conquest 638 to 685 CE Tulunid and Ikhshidid 874 to 969 CE Khawarij 658 to 873 CE Bedouin Dynasties 890 to 1150 CE Umayyad in Africa and Spain 685 to 788 CE Bahrain Qarmatian 897 to 1098 CE Umayyad and Early Abbasid 685 to 830 CE Dailami Dynasties 900 to 1062 CE Arab Indian 724 to 830 CE Baghdad Buyid 946 to 978 CE Andalusian 755 to 1031 CE Kurdish 950 to 1085 CE North African Dynasties 789 to 1164 CE Kara-Khanid Khanate 960 to 1211 CE Khurasanian Dynasties 821 to 1003 CE Ghaznavid 962 to 1187 CE Caliphal Later Abbasid 831 to 946 CE Early Fatamid Egyptian 969 to 1073 CE Regional Later Abbasid 831 to 946 CE Seljuk Turk 1037 to 1090 CE Zanj Revolt 869 to 883 CE Great Seljuk Empire 1064 to 1092 CE


Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder.

There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically. Unless specified otherwise, if an optional characteristic is

taken, it must be taken by all the elements in the UG for which that optional characteristic is available. 5. Any UGs can be downgraded by one quality grade and/or by one shooting skill representing less strong, tired or understrength troops. If any

bases are downgraded all in the UG must be downgraded. So Average-Experienced skirmishers can always be downgraded to Poor-Unskilled. Where allies are allowed, they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. They must take enough UGs to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list being used. 3. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent. 4. Unless specified in the notes, the general must be the same type as the army commander in the main list but cannot be legendary.

Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest. Where an internal ally is allowed, and no contingent is specified they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. The total number of troops taken of each type in the entire army must not exceed the maxima for that troop type. 3. They must take enough UGs to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list if there is enough allowance for a UG after the core army

itself has taken the minimum. For example: An army has 4-12 cavalry (UG size 4,6) and 18-32 spearmen (UG size 6,8,9) as compulsory troops with 2 internal allies. The core army must take 4 cavalry and at least 18 spearmen. The first ally must take 4 cavalry and at least 9 spearmen. The second ally must take 4 cavalry but cannot take the 9 spearmen as this would exceed the 32 spearmen limit for the army.

4. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent. Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest. As a courtesy to your opponent, when you deploy your troops you should describe it fully; type, training, quality, protection, melee weaponry, shooting skill and weaponry, characteristics and which ally if appropriate. You should also explain how any unusual troop types in your army function and any special rules including Stakes, Caltrops, Barricades and Obstacles and troop types such as Battle Wagons.


Historical Introduction The Arab Conquests began with the Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. The resulting empire stretched from the borders of China and India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees. The Muslim conquests brought about the collapse of the Sassanid Empire and a great territorial loss for the Byzantine Empire. This was at least in part due to the Sassanid Persian and Byzantine Roman empires being militarily and economically exhausted from decades of fighting one another. It may also have been in part due to the ideological coherence of the Muslim armies.

In late 620s Muhammad had already managed to conquer and unify much of Arabia under Muslim rule. It was under his leadership that the first Muslim-Byzantine skirmishes took place. Muhammad died in 632 and was succeeded by Abu Bakr, the first Caliph with undisputed control of the entire Arab peninsula which resulted in the consolidation of a powerful Muslim state throughout the peninsula.

The province of Syria was the first to be wrested from Byzantine control. A major Byzantine expedition into southern Palestine was defeated by the Arab forces under command of Khalid ibn al-Walid at the Battle of Ajnadayn in 634. On the heels of their victory, the Arab armies took Damascus in 636. Other fortified towns continued to resist despite the rout of the imperial army, Jerusalem fell in 638, Caesarea in 640, while others held out until 641.

After an Arab incursion into Sasanian territories, the energetic king Yazdgerd III, who had just ascended the Persian throne, raised an army to resist the invasion. However, the Persians suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah in 636. As a result, the Arab-Muslims gained control over the whole of the Euphrates and Tigris valleys, including Ctesiphon, the capital city of the Sassanids. The fate of the Sassanian empire was sealed at the Battle of Nahavand in 642.

The Muslim general 'Amr ibn al-'As began the conquest of Egypt on his own initiative in 639. The Arab forces won a major victory at the Battle of Heliopolis in 640. When the emperor Heraclius died in 641 the defenders lost hope of receiving reinforcements from Constantinople. The last major centre to fall into Arab hands was Alexandria, which capitulated in 642.

The Umayyad Caliphate was established in 661. The Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War. The relations between the Muslims and the Christians in the state were stable in this time. The Umayyads were involved in frequent battles with the Christian Byzantines without being concerned with protecting themselves in Syria, which had remained largely Christian like many other parts of the empire.

Byzantine rule in northwest Africa at the time was largely confined to the coastal plains, while autonomous Berber polities controlled the rest. Muslim incursions were effectively resisted for many years. Arab forces were able to capture Carthage in 698 and Tangiers by 708. After the fall of


Tangiers, many Berbers joined the Muslim army. A major Berber revolt broke out between 740 and 743. The Umayyads, weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744–747, were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750. A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031.

The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name They ruled as caliphs, for most of their period from their capital in Baghdad, after assuming authority over the Muslim empire from the Umayyads in 750. Over time this authority was diminished and they had to cede power to other dynasties. The political power of the caliphs largely ended with the rise of the Buyids and the Seljuq Turks.

In North Africa the Idrisids ruled in Morocco from 789 to 926 and the Maghrawanids in Morocco from 1000CE to 1064CE. The Aghlabids ruled in Tunisia from 820 to 909 and Sicily from 827 to 1091. The Fatimids supplanted the Aghlabids in Tunisia from 909CE to 978CE but were replaced by the Zirids from 972 to 1160.

The Tulunids were a dynasty of Turkic origin and were the first independent dynasty to rule Islamic Egypt, as well as much of Syria. They remained independent from 868, when they broke away from the central authority of the Abbasid dynasty, until 905, when the Abbasids restored the Tulunid domains to their control. The Ikhshidid dynasty ruled Egypt from 935 to 969 but came to an end when defeated by the Fatamids.

The Tahirid dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn, a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. The dynasty governed the Abbasid province of Khorasan from 821 to 873, and the city of Baghdad from 820 until 891. Their capital in Khorasan was initially located at Merv, but later moved to Nishapur. The Tahirids enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in their governance of Khorasan, although they remained subject to the Abbasid caliphate. The Saffarid dynasty was founded by Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar who originated from Sistan. He overthrew the Tahirids and ruled over parts of eastern Iran, Khorasan, Afghanistan and Sistan from 861 to 900. His brother and successor, Amr bin Laith, was defeated at the Battle of Balkh against Ismail Samani in 900. The Saffarids were subsequently confined to their heartland of Sistan, with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors. The Samanid state was founded by four brothers; Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya, and Ilyas—each of them ruled their own territory under Abbasid suzerainty. In 892, Isma'il ibn Ahmad (892–907) united the Samanid state under one ruler. It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority. The power of the Samanids began to crumble in the latter half of the 10th century. In 962, one the ghulams, Alp Tigin, commander of the army in Khorasan, seized Ghazna and established himself there. His successors, however, including Sebük Tigin, continued to rule as Samanid "governors". With the weakened Samanids facing rising challenges from the Karakhanids for control of Transoxiana, Sebük later took control of all the provinces south of the Oxus and established the Ghaznavid Empire. In 992, a Karakhanid, Harun Bughra Khan, captured Bukhara, the Samanid capital. The Samanid domains were split up between the Ghaznavids, who gained Khorasan and Afghanistan, and the Karakhanids, who received Transoxiana; the Oxus River thus became the boundary between the two rival empires. The Samanid Isma'il Muntasir attempted to recapture Transoxiana with the help of the Oghuz Turks, but he was killed in 1005.


During the 10th century Abbasid control further weakened enabling various dynasties to establish their independence. This enabled the Hamdanid dynasty, founded by Hamdan ibn Hamdun to hold power in Mosul 890 to 991 and Aleppo 944 to 1008. In Mosul they were succeeded by the Uqaylids from 996 to 1096. In Aleppo they were succeeded by the Mirdassids 1008 to 1079. Further south of Baghdad the Mazyadid dynasty ruled from 997 to 1150.

The Dailamites were an Iranian people inhabiting the mountainous regions of northern Iran on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. They were employed as soldiers from the time of the Sasanian Empire, and long resisted the Muslim conquest of Persia and subsequent Islamization. In the 930s, the Dailamite Buyid dynasty emerged and managed to gain control over much of modern-day Iran, which it held until the coming of the Seljuk Turks in the mid-11th century. The Buyid dynasty was founded by 'Ali ibn Buya, who in 934 conquered Fars, an old centre of the Sassanid empire. In 945, the youngest brother, Ahmad ibn Buya, conquered Iraq and made Baghdad his capital. Thereafter the family ruled as a confederation of emirates until c.1055. The Caspian Sea provinces of Gorgon and Mazandaran were ruled by the Ziyarids from 928 to 1043 when they were conquered by the Seljuk Turks. Another Dailamite dynasty, the Sallarid or Musafirid dynasty ruled what is now modern Azerbaijan from 941 to 984 when it was captured by the Rawadids.

1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin

Mandatory Optional Max

- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6- 8- 24 6,8,9- 72

- 0See note

- 6Experienced 0 6,8,9

Bow 18Unskilled 0 6,8,9

Javelin 12Experienced 0 4,6

Bow 6Experienced 0 6,9


Sling 9Experienced 0 6,9

Javelin 9

Early Arab ConquestArmy Commander Any Instinctive 629 CE to 637 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, DesertInternal Allied Generals Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

City cavalryCAVALRY

Superior Protected Long Spear - DismountableFormed Loose

Combat ShyFormed Flexible

WarriorsINFANTRY

Superior Protected - ShieldwallMelee Expert,

Integral ShootersTribal Close

Bedouin cavalryCAVALRY

Average Unprotected Long Spear -

FanaticTribal Close

ArchersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose

MartyrsINFANTRY

Superior Protected -Devastating Chargers,

Melee Expert

Shoot & ChargeTribal Loose

Camel mounted scoutsCAMELRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher

Bedouin infantryINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear -

Combat ShySkirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


Skirmishing archersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - -


JavelinmenINFANTRY



Early Arab Conquest

Troop NotesThe early Arab conquests relied mainly on infantry. The number of horses available to the Arabs until the battles of Yarmouk and Qadisiyyah (636 CE) would have been small. Arab infantry relied on spears or javelins and carried shields. The standard formation until 638 CE was an infantry centre and two infantry wings, with any cavalry grouped into an extra command used for outflanking or as a reserve. Infantry are described in contemporary accounts as swordsmen, often mailed, and usually as resisting stubbornly rather than charging wildly.

Changes from last versionFeigned flight.

NotesAfter 630 CE all foot can be dismountable, riding on camels. City cavalry dismount as Infantry, Formed Close, Average, Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.Up to six TuGs of Warriors may have 1 or 2 bases of martyrs to replace the normal bases. Martyrs must be easily distinguishable from warrior elements. If added to a TuG of Warriors the martyrs may not be fanatic. Note: Such a TuG may be subject to forced charges as it contains elements with the Devastating Charge characteristic. A TuG entirely of martyrs need not be accompanied by a general to retain the fanatic characteristic.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThis covers the wars of the Prophet and his immediate successors, the khalifs Abu Bakr and Umar from the conquest of Mecca until the widespread availability of horses. The Arab armies achieved a series of victories against a weakened Sassanid Persian Empire and defeated the Byzantine army at Yarmouk in 636 CE. The battle of Qadisiyyah (also 636 CE) resulted in the conquest of Iraq.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 6 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 8- 0 4,6- 12

Experienced 0 4,6Bow 6

- 16 6,8,9- 72

Experienced 0 6,8,9Bow 18

- 0 6- 6

Unskilled 0 6,8,9Javelin 12



Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9

Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9


JavelinmenINFANTRY



SlingersINFANTRY





Camel mounted scoutsCAMELRY




Combat ShyFormed Loose

Dailami mercenariesINFANTRY

Average Protected -Devastating

ChargersMelee Expert

Drilled Flexible

Jund archersINFANTRY



Jund infantryINFANTRY

Superior Protected - ShieldwallMelee Expert,

Integral ShootersFormed Close

AsawiraCAVALRY

Superior Protected - -


Average Unprotected Long Spear - Combat ShyFormed Flexible

City cavalryCAVALRY

Superior Protected Long Spear -

Jund cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Long Spear -Dismountable,


DismountableFormed Loose

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Arab ConquestArmy Commander Any 638 CE to 685 CESub-Generals Any Standard, Plains, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average


Arab Conquest

Troop NotesA large quantity of captured horses and armour was available and initially about half of the new permanent "Jund" forces became cavalry carrying spears and shields. Jund were settled in large permanent military encampments in conquered territory. Asiwira were horse archers.


NotesJund and City cavalry dismount as Infantry, Formed Close, Average (or Poor if downgraded to Poor), Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThis covers the early conquests including those of the early Umayyad Caliphate until the Second Fitna. Syria was conquered by 641 CE, Alexandria and Egypt fell in 642. The Arab conquests continued with a a complete conquest of the Sassanid Persian empire by 652. In 670 the Arabs founded a settlement at Qayrawan in modern Tunisia, but the conquest of Africa was met with fierce resistance by the Berbers.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain0-2 Camp

Min


- 16 4,6- 48- 4,6- Any- 4,6- Up to half- 0 4,6- 12- 0 6,8- 64- 0- Up to half


- 0 6,8

- 12


KhawarijArmy Commander Any Instinctive 658 CE to 873 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Plains, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Mobile or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

CavalryCAVALRY



Melee ExpertFormed Loose

Upgrade aggresive cavalryCAVALRY

Superior ProtectedCharging

Lancer- Melee Expert

Formed Loose

Regrade cavalry as aggresiveCAVALRY

Average ProtectedCharging

Lancer-


InfantryINFANTRY

Average Protected - Shieldwall -Tribal Close



-Formed Close

ArchersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyFormed Loose

Upgrade infantryINFANTRY

Average Protected -Shieldwall,

Melee Expert

Combat ShyTribal Loose



Ghazi and other volunteer infantry

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected -

Fleet of Foot, Devastating

Chargers

AlliesUmayyad Rebels - Umayyad and Early 'Abbasid (From 685 to 750 CE)

NotesCavalry dismount as Infantry, Formed Close, Average (or Poor if downgraded to Poor), Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.This army may use Feigned Flight.


Khawarij

Troop NotesTheir main strength was their cavalry which was more aggressive than the contemporary Arab cavalry who often dismounted to face them - the Khawarij cavalry was less likely to dismount but could on occasion. Infantry seem to have remained more traditional than the caliphal armies. On occasion in the Marwanid period Umayyad rebels allied with the Khawarij.


Historical NotesThe Khawarij appeared in the first century of Islam. They revolted against the authority of the Caliph Ali following the battle of Siffin. A Khariji assassinated Ali, and for the next two hundred years the Khawarij were a source of insurrection against the Caliphate.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6- 12- 6 4,6- 18- 0 4,6- 6- 0 6,8,9- 12- 12 6,8,9- 24- 0 6,8,9- 48


- 0 6,8

- 12

Experienced 0 6,8,9Javelin 24




-Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - Combat Shy

Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Shoot & ChargeSkirmisher

Berber light horseCAVALRY



Berber javelinmenINFANTRY

Average Unprotected Short Spear Fleet of Foot Shoot & ChargeTribal Loose




Chargers


ArchersINFANTRY


Berber infantryINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall

Integral ShootersDrilled Close

Jund and mawali infantryINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersFormed Close





Arab or Berber cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Long Spear -

Jund cavalryCAVALRY


Combat ShyDrilled Loose


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Umayyad in Africa and SpainArmy Commander Any Professional 685 CE to 788 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average


Umayyad in Africa and Spain

Historical NotesThis list covers North Africa from the "regularisation" of the Umayyad army until the rise of the Idrisids effectively removed 'Abbasid control from much of the area. Also covers the Umayyad armies that invaded Spain, destroying the Visigothic kingdom, going on to conquer most of Spain and part of southern France until the organisation of the Spanish Umayyad state in exile in 755CE.


AlliesBerber allies - Later Moorish

NotesJund cavalry dismount as Infantry, Drilled Close, Average (or Poor if downgraded to Poor), Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.This army may use Feigned Flight.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 6 4,6- 32- 0 4,6- 18

Experienced 0 4,6

Bow 12

- 0 4,6- 12



- 16 6,8,9- 64- 0 6,8,9- 16


- 0 6- 6

- 0 6,8

- 12


Umayyad and Early 'AbbasidArmy Commander Any Professional 685 CE to 830 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Plains, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Jund cavalryCAVALRY



DismountableDrilled Loose

Replace jund cavalry with abbaisiyah or similar (from 794 to 820 CE)

CAVALRYAverage Protected - - -

Formed Loose

Upgrade jund cavalry (before 815 CE)

CAVALRYSuperior Protected Long Spear -


Turkish cavalry (before 750 CE and from 811 to 820 CE)

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected - - -

Formed Flexible

BedouinCAVALRY


-Drilled Flexible


Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersDrilled Close

Turkish mawali/ghilman (from 815 CE)

CAVALRYSuperior Protected - -



Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyDrilled Loose

Best infantryINFANTRY

Superior Protected Short Spear Shieldwall

Melee ExpertDrilled Flexible




ChargersCombat Shy

Tribal Loose



Chargers


Berber infantry (before 820 CE)

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected Short Spear Fleet of Foot


Umayyad and Early 'AbbasidExperienced 0 6


Javelin 12Experienced 0 6,9

Bow 9Experienced 0 6

Firearm 6Experienced 0 6,9

Javelin 9

Khurasani horse archersCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisherCantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher



Berber light horse (before 820 CE)

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected - -

-Skirmisher

Berber skirmishers (before 820 CE)

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected - - Shoot & Charge

Skirmisher

NaffatunINFANTRY


This list covers the consolidation of the Umayyad Caliphate and the replacement Abbasid Caliphate until the start of the process of fracture into autonomous dynasties. It excludes North Africa and the armies that invaded Spain and France.

Troop NotesFrom this time Arab armies ceased to be purely Arab and included Iranians, Khorasanians, Egyptians, Copts, Syrians and Indians. The cavalry remained principally Arab but could also include Christians such as the Armenians. Ghazi warriors depended upon plunder for their livelihood, and were prone to brigandage and sedition in times of peace. Mawali were non-Moslem troops. The ghilman were slave-soldiers taken as prisoners of war or purchased.

Changes from last versionAdjusted cavalry. Reclassified jund archers. Ally restriction. Feigned flight.

AlliesCentral Asian allies - Sogdian (from 685 to 745 CE)Tibetan - Early Tibetan (from 685 to 745 CE)

NotesBerber troops cannot be used with Dailami, Turkish cavalry or Turkish mawali/ghilman.Jund cavalry dismount as Infantry, Drilled Close, Average (or Poor if downgraded to Poor), Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.Only one ally may be taken.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical Notes


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 2- 2- 6 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 12- 16 6,8,9- 32


- 0 6,8

- 8

- 0 6,8,9- 18

Unskilled 0 6,8,9Javelin 9


Experienced 0 6Bow 6





Khurasani horse archersCAVALRY



Indian archersINFANTRY


Indian javelinmenINFANTRY



Indian swordsmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - Melee Expert -Tribal Flexible




Chargers



Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyDrilled Loose



Protected - Shove -Tribal Loose

Dismountable, Combat ShyDrilled Loose

Sindi cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Short Spear - Combat ShyFormed Loose

Arab cavalryCAVALRY


Arab IndianArmy Commander Any 724 CE to 833 CESub-Generals Any Plains, Desert

NotesArab cavalry dismount as Drilled Close, Average (or Poor if downgraded to Poor), Protected, Short Spear, Shieldwall.

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

ElephantsELEPHANTS

Average


Arab IndianHistorical NotesBetween 710 and 712 CE an Arab force penetrated the River Indus from the sea and conquered most of the regions of Sind and Kutch. Control of the area was only secured in 724 CE. Sind became independent from the Caliphate when the Umayyad Caliphate was overthrown in 751 CE. The area remained under Arab control until an Arab army was defeated in 833. Islam after this time only survived in two small states, Mansurah and Multan. Both states were finally suppressed by Qutb-ud-Din Aibek, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate. Armies before 724 CE should be taken from the Umayyad and Early 'Abbasid list.

Troop NotesArmies incorporated Indians who converted to Islam.

Changes from last versionReclassified jund archers. Updated territory types.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 6 4,6- 18- 12 4,6- 36- 8 6,8,9- 36


- 0 6,8,9- 24


- 0 6,8- 8- 0 6,8- 8- 0 6,8- 8







Average Unprotected - - Shoot & ChargeSkirmisher

Andalusian skirmishing archers

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected - -


Horse archersCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

Andalusian or Berber cavalryCAVALRY


-Drilled Close

"Slav Guard" (from 929 CE)INFANTRY

Superior Protected Short Spear - Melee ExpertDrilled Close

"Silent Ones Guard" (from 770 to 928 CE)

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Short Spear Shieldwall


"Black Guard" (before 978 CE)

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Short Spear Shieldwall -

Drilled Close


Average Unprotected Short Spear Fleet of Foot


Andalusian levyINFANTRY

Poor Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersTribal Close

Andalusian archersINFANTRY



Andalusian spearmenINFANTRY


Other Arab cavalryCAVALRY


UG SizeTraining and

Jund or guard cavalry (before 1010 CE)

CAVALRYSuperior Protected Long Spear - -

Drilled Loose


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

AndalusianArmy Commander Any Professional 755 CE to 1031 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Coastal


Andalusian

Al-Andalus was the Arab name for the Muslim possessions in the Iberian peninsular. This list covers armies from the arrival of Umayyad dynasty until the abolition of the Caliphate in 1031 CE.


AlliesCastillian allies - Astur-Leonese (from 1010 CE)Catalan allies - Early Catalan and Aragon (from 1010 CE)

NotesA maximum of 12 bases of guard infantry can be used. "Slav Guard" cannot be used with Berber javelinmen, Castilian allies or Catalan allies. Only one ally can be taken.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical Notes


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 6 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 6- 12 6,8,9- 60

- 0 6,8,9- 24- 0 6,8,9- Any





Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9Skirmisher

AlliesTuareg allies (from 1000 CE, not in Sicily)

- Shoot & ChargeSkirmisher

Berber slingersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Skirmisher


Average Unprotected -

Fleet of Foot Shoot & ChargeTribal Loose


Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat Shy

Formed Loose


Average Unprotected Short Spear

Melee Expert, Integral ShootersDrilled Close

-----

ArchersINFANTRY


Regrade Black Slave infantryINFANTRY


Aghlabids, Fatamids or Zirids

Replace Berber spearmen with Black Slave infantry

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral Shooters

Drilled Close


Berber spearmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersTribal Close



UG SizeTraining and

Arab or Berber cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Long Spear - Combat ShyFormed Loose


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

North African DynastiesArmy Commander Any Professional if Aghlabids or Fatimids, otherwise Instinctive 789 CE to 1164 CESub-Generals As for army commander Standard, Plains, Coastal


North African Dynasties

This list covers the Idrisids in Morocco from 789 to 926 CE, the Aghlabids in Tunisia from 820 to 909 and Sicily from 827 to 1091, Fatimids in Tunisia from 909 to 978, the Zirids in Tunisia from 972 to 1160 and the Maghrawanids in Morocco from 1000 to 1064.


NotesThis army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical Notes



Min


- 0 2,3,4- 4


Experienced 4,6Bow Up to half




- 0 4,6- 12- 8 6,8,9- 32


- 0 6

- 6

- 0 6,8,9- 9





Drilled Flexible

Volunteer infantryINFANTRY

Average Unprotected -Fleet of Foot, Devastating

Chargers


ArchersINFANTRY


SpearmenINFANTRY


-Formed Flexible

Bedouin or volunteer cavalryCAVALRY


Turkish mercenariesCAVALRY


-Drilled Flexible

Ghilman (only Tahirids)CAVALRY

Superior Protected - - -Drilled Flexible

Ghilman (only Saffarids and Samanids)


-Formed Loose

Upgrade dihqansCAVALRY

Superior Protected - - -Formed Loose

DihqansCAVALRY

Average Protected - -

UG SizeTraining and

Elephants (only Saffarids or Samanids)

ELEPHANTSAverage Protected - Shove -

Tribal Loose

Internal Allied Generals Any Professional (Saffarid vassal for Samanids from 901 to 999 CE) Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Khurasanian DynastiesArmy Commander Any Professional 821 CE to 1003 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Plains


Khurasanian DynastiesExperienced 0 4,6

Bow 18Experienced 4,6

Bow All or noneExperienced 0 6,9

Bow 9

This list covers the dynasties in the eastern provinces of the former Abbasid empire. The Taharid dynasty ruled from 821 to 873, the Saffarid dynasty from 861 to 1003 and the Samanid dynasty from 875 to 999. The armies relied heavily on local Dihqan landowners fighting in a similar style to their Sassanid ancestors, but Turkish ghulam were also recruited.

Changes from last versionAlly restriction. Feigned flight.

Ghaznavid allies (only Samanids from 994 to 999 CE)Turkish allies - Türgesh (only Samanids from 875 to 999 CE)Ziyarid Dailami allies - Dailami Dynasties (only Samanids from 928 to 999 CE)

NotesOnly one external ally may be taken.Elephants may not be taken in a Khursanian Dynasties allied contingent.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical Notes


AlliesAbbasid allies - Umayyad and Early 'Abbasid (only Taharids from 821 to 830 CE)Abbasid allies - Caliphal Later 'Abbasid (only Taharids from 831 to 873 CE)Arab Indian allies (only Saffarids from 861 to 900 CE or Samanids from 901 to 961 CE)




Upgrade horse archersCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - Cantabrian Combat ShySkirmisher




1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin



- 0 4,6- 18- 8 6,8,9- 32- 6,8,9- Any

- 6,8

- Up to half

- 0 6,8,9- 24- 0 6,8,9- 16- 0 6,8- 12



Experienced 0 6Firearm 6

AlliesMosul Hamdanid allies - Bedouin Dynasties (from 890 to 946 CE)


NaffatunINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY



Khurasanian horse archers (before 874 CE)




INFANTRYAverage Unprotected Short Spear Fleet of Foot


Upgrade Jund or 'Abna infantry to Maghariba guard


Formed Close

Jund or 'Abna infantryINFANTRY

Poor Protected Short Spear Shieldwall


Replace Zanj and black slave troops with Dailami mercenaries(from 890 CE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected -

Devastating Chargers


Regrade Zanj and black slave troops

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear -


Zanj and black slave troops (from 874 CE)


Drilled Close

Arab, Bedouin or volunteer cavalry

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected Long Spear -

UG SizeTraining and

Turkish ghilman, Faraghina and similar

CAVALRYSuperior Protected - - -

Drilled Flexible


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Caliphal Later 'AbbasidArmy Commander Any Professional 831 CE to 946 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, Plains, Coastal


Caliphal Later 'Abbasid

Troop NotesMu'tasim started recruiting Turkish slaves into the army. These became the famous ghilman (ghulam) cavalry, soon coming to dominate the Abbasid military.



Historical NotesThis list covers the armies of the Abbasids based out of Samarra and Baghdad from the rule of al Mu'tasim. It ends with the capture of Baghdad by the Buwayhids.



Min



Experienced 4,6Bow Any

- 6 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 18- 16 6,8,9- 64- 0- Up to half- 0 6,8,9- 32- 0 6,8- 24

- 6,8

- Up to half



ArchersINFANTRY



Upgrade volunteer infantry as Ghazis



ChargersCombat Shy

Tribal Loose


Average Unprotected Short Spear Fleet of Foot


Levied infantryINFANTRY

Poor Protected Short Spear Shieldwall -Tribal Close

Upgrade Jund infantryINFANTRY




Poor Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersFormed Close



-Drilled Flexible

Arab cavalryCAVALRY


Upgrade shakiriyya to ghilman


UG SizeTraining and

ShakiriyyaCAVALRY

Average Protected - - -Formed Loose

Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive (Up to 1 Bedouin Dynasty ally) Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Regional Later 'AbbasidArmy Commander Any 831 CE to 946 CESub-Generals Any Standard, Plains, Coastal


Regional Later 'Abbasid

- 8 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 6


- 0 6,8,9- 9



This list covers the "regional" armies of the 'Abbasids, raised usually to deal with a local insurrection and is based on the somewhat limited information in the later volumes of al-Tabari.

Troop NotesShakiriyya were part of the Samarran army but also used as garrison troops. Like ghilman they appear to have been horse archers.

Changes from last versionAdded Shakiriyya. Feigned flight.

Combat Shy -Skirmisher

NotesA Bedouin Dynasty contingent must be commanded by an allied general. Troops in the contingent are mandatory only if the contingent is taken.If more than 1 TuG of Ghilman are used, then the Army Commander must be Professional, representing a Turkish Ghulam general sent by the Caliph.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical Notes

Skirmisher

Bedouin slingersINFANTRY


- Combat ShyTribal Loose


Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -

Tribal Loose


Average Protected Short Spear

- Combat ShyFormed Loose

Bedouin archersINFANTRY


Formed Flexible

Armoured cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Long Spear

Bedouin Dynasty contingent


Average Unprotected Long Spear - Combat Shy


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6- 18- 18 6,8,9- 96- 0 6- 24- 8 8,9,10- 30




Unskilled 0 6,9Javelin 18


NotesA command may not have more than one TuG of picked troops.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThe Zanj Rebellion was a major uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate, which took place from 869 until 883. Begun near the city of Basra in present-day southern Iraq and led by one 'Ali ibn Muhammad. It involved slaves as well as free men. The Zanj revolt was considered to be one of the most vicious and brutal uprisings of the many disturbances that plagued the Abbasid central government.

Stone throwersINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - -


SlingersINFANTRY





ArchersINFANTRY


Poorly equipped infantryINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected Short Spear -


Picked troopsINFANTRY

Superior Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Loose

Zanj swordsmen and spearmen

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear -

UG SizeTraining and




Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Zanj RevoltArmy Commander Any Instinctive 869 CE to 883 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Coastal


Zanj RevoltTroop NotesOn the few occasions when the 'Abbasids were able to use their cavalry mounted they tended to run over the Zanj infantry quite easily, hence the Loose classification.



1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 16 4,6- 72- 0 4,6- 12- 12 6,8,9- 48





-Skirmisher

NotesInfantry are mounted on camels.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThe Qarmatians were a branch of Shia Islam that combined elements of Zoroastrianism. They settled in Salamiyah in present-day Syria. The movement had great success in Khuzestan (southwestern Iran). The group split in 899 after a change in leadership.



Dismountable, Combat ShyTribal Loose







Average Protected Short Spear -Dismountable,




UG SizeTraining and



Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Salamiyah QarmatianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 874 CE to 899 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Plains


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


Experienced 6 4.6Bow 24

- 0 4,6- 18- 8 6,8,9- 48- 6,8,9- Any

- 0 6,8

- 12



Tulunid and IkhshididArmy Commander Any Professional 874 CE to 969 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

-

UG SizeTraining and

Turkish ghilmanCAVALRY


-


Zanj and black slave troopsINFANTRY


Arab, Bedouin or volunteer cavalry

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected Long Spear

-





ChargersCombat Shy

Tribal Loose

Regrade Zanj and black slave troops

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear

Feigned flight.


NaffatunINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY



Historical NotesThis list covers the Tulunid and Ikshidid dynasties in Egypt. Ahmad ibn Tulun established an independent Egyptian army and defeated troops of the Caliphate sent against him. The Tulunids advanced into Syria but collapsed by 905. The founder of the Ikhshidid dynasty was ibn Tughj, who was appointed governor of Egypt in 933 CE, but had to seize control. The Fatamids were threatening Egypt but were defeated in 936. The dynasty faced threats from Syria and Nubian incursions. Egypt was conquered by the Fatamids in 969.

Changes from last version



Min


- 16 4,6- 72- 0 4,6- 12- 0 4,6- 12


- 0 4,6

- 6

Skilled 0 4,6Bow 6


- 0 6,8,9- 18- 0 6,8,9- 18- 0 6,8,9- 24

- 0 6,8

- 12


Other ghazisINFANTRY


ChargersCombat Shy

Tribal Loose

Thughur and volunteer infantry (only Hamdanids)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear Shieldwall


Dailami mercenaries (only Hamdanids and Uqaylids)






-Formed Flexible



Turcoman tribesmen (only Mirdassids from 1070 CE)


-Drilled Loose

Update ghilman as cataphracts (only Hamdanids in Aleppo)

CAVALRYSuperior

ArmHrs/Fully Armoured

- Melee Expert -Formed Close

Ghilman (only Hamdanids or Uqaylids)

CAVALRYSuperior Protected Short Spear -


Kurdish cavalry (only Hamdanids or Uqaylids)

CAVALRYAverage Protected

Charging Lancer

- Melee ExpertFormed Loose



UG SizeTraining and



Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Bedouin DynastiesArmy Commander Any 890 CE to 1150 CESub-Generals Any Standard, Coastal, See note


Bedouin DynastiesExperienced 0 6,9


Sling 9

Changes from last versionRestricted Dailami to Hamdanids and Uqaylids. Feigned flight.

NotesAfter 965 CE the Hamdanids in Aleppo cannot use Ghilman, Dailami or Thughur and volunteer infantry. After 1001 Uqaylids cannot use Ghilman or Dailami. Minor dynasties and tribes cannot use more than one sub-general.Hamdanids can choose Mountain territory, others can choose Plains.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesDuring the 9th century, Abbasid central power weakened and autonomous dynasties emerged. This list covers the major dynasties of the Hamdanids in Mosul (890 to 991 CE), Hamdanids in Aleppo (944 to 1008), Uqaylids in Mosul (996 to 1096), Mazyadids in Iraq (997 to 1150) and the Mirdassids in Aleppo (1008 to 1079) as well as other minor dynasties and tribes.

Troop NotesBy the mid-10th century we have mention of horse armour for ghilman.

-Skirmisher






1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6- 24- 24 6,8,9- 64- 0 6,8,9- 48







AlliesBedouin Dynasty allies (frin 897 to 988 CE)

NotesInfantry are mounted on camels.A Bedouin Dynasty ally cannot use options for a named Dynasty.This army may use Feigned Flight.

JavelinmenINFANTRY


-Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY




Combat Shy, DismountableFormed Loose

Upgrade archersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - -Combat Shy, DismountableDrilled Loose

ArchersINFANTRY


Integral Shooters, DismountableFormed Close

Upgrade infantryINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear Shield CoverIntegral Shooters,

DismountableDrilled Close

InfantryINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear Shield Cover

UG SizeTraining and

CavalryCAVALRY



Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Bahrain QarmatianArmy Commander Any 897 CE to 1078 CESub-Generals Any Coastal, Desert


Bahrain QarmatianHistorical NotesAfter the split of the Qarmatian movement in 899, their greatest stronghold remained in Bahrain, which in this period included much of eastern Arabia as well as the islands that comprised the present state. The Zanj rebellion provided the opportunity for Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, who captured Bahrain’s capital Hajr and al-Hasa in 899, which he made the capital of his republic. Under al-Jannabi (ruled 923–944), the Qarmaṭians came close to raiding Baghdad in 927, and sacked Mecca and Medina in 930. The desecration of the holiest sites in Islam shocked the Muslim world and humiliated the Abbasids. The Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf and Middle East, controlling the coast of Oman and collecting tribute from the caliph in Baghdad as well as the head of the Fatimid Caliphate. They were defeated by the Abbasids in 976. As tribute payments were cut off the state shrank. Bahrain broke away in 1058. In 1067 the final stronghold at the Hofhuf Oasis was besieged and the Qarmatians forced to surrender.

Troop NotesThe Qarmatians had an organised army including at times full time generals. An important part of the army was the infantry armed with long spears and large shields supported by archers with powerful bows. These were mounted on camels. Armour is not mentioned for infantry or cavalry.



1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 2- 2

Experienced 4* 4,6Bow 16

- 0 4,6- 8- 0 4,6- 8- 24 6,8,9- 60- 0 6- 18


- 0 6,8,9

- 12


Dailami DynastiesArmy Commander Any if Buyid, otherwise Instinctive 900 CE to 1062 CESub-Generals Any if Buyid, otherwise Instinctive Standard, Plains, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Elephants (only Buyids from 969 CE)

ELEPHANTSAverage Protected - Shove -

Tribal Loose

-Drilled Flexible



Ghilman (only Buyids)CAVALRY



Dailami infantryINFANTRY



Formed Flexible

Kurdish cavalryCAVALRY


Lancer-

Melee ExpertFormed Flexible

Infantry archersINFANTRY


Best infantryINFANTRY

Superior Protected -Devastating

Chargers


NaffatunINFANTRY




Chargers

AlliesKurdish allies (from 950 CE)Mosul Hamdanid allies - Bedouin Dynasties (only Buyids from 934 to 1002 CE)Saffarid allies - Khurasanian Dynasties (from 900 to 1003 CE)Bagratid Armenian allies (until 1045 CE)


Dailami Dynasties

Restructured to create separate Baghdad Buyid list. Ally restriction. Feigned flight.

Minima marked * apply only if any ghilman are used. A command may not have more than one TUG of best infantry.An allied contingent from this list may not include Elephants.Kurdish and Hamdanid allies may be used together, otherwise only one external ally may be taken.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesDuring the 9th century, Abbasid central power weakened and autonomous dynasties emerged. This list covers the armies of dynasties based in the northern Iranian provinces around the Caspian Sea. The Dailamite peoples had been used as guards by the Sassanids and resisted the Arab conquests. The dynasties included the Buwayhids or Buyids (934 to 1062 CE), Ziyarids (928 to 1043) and Musafirids (941 to 984). It excludes the Buyid armies based in Baghdad which have their own list.

Troop NotesElephants were experimented with by Adud al-Dawla but it is not certain that they ever fought in a battle. They were used to trample to death an enemy general!

Changes from last version

Notes


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin




- 0 4,6- 8- 0 4,6- 8- 16* 6,8,9- 36- 2/3 6,8,9- All

- 6,8,9

- All

- 0 6,8,9- 1/4


- 0 6,8,9

- 12



Baghdad BuyidArmy Commander Any 946 CE to 978 CESub-Generals Any Standard, PlainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Ghilman (before 976 CE)CAVALRY


-Drilled Flexible



Ghilman (from 976 CE)CAVALRY



Dailami infantryINFANTRY



Formed Flexible



Lancer-

-Formed Flexible

Replace Dailami with Baghdad city volunteers (from 973 to 974 CE)

INFANTRYPoor Protected Short Spear - -

Tribal Close

Downgrade dissaffected Dailami (from 953 CE)



-Tribal Close

Infantry archersINFANTRY


Upgrade best volunteersINFANTRY





Religious factionsINFANTRY


Chargers

-Skirmisher

NaffatunINFANTRY



Baghdad Buyid

Troop NotesThe Dailami were treated as second rate troops compared to the Turks.In 973 the Turks raised large number of volunteers. Unsurprisingly the Dailami refused to participate.

Changes from last versionNew list.

NotesMinima marked * apply only if any Dailami are used.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThis list represents the Buyid armies based in Baghdad from the takeover in 946 CE to the invasion by the Buyid army of Fars aimed at taking back Buyid control from the Turkish ghilman. The ghilman had been used by the Buyids to counter the power of the Dailami palace guards but these came to an agreement with the palace guards and were effectively ruling the city by 973 CE.



Min


- 0 4,6- 18- 24 4,6- 80- 0 4,6- 16


- 0 8,9,10- 10


Historical NotesAfter the collapse of Abbasid power, several Kurdish dynasties gained local power. This included the Hasanuyids (961-1015 CE), the Annazids (990-1050), the Rawaddids (950-1071) and Marwanids (990-1085). They eventually fell to the Seljuks.

Changes from last versionNo changes.


AlliesBuyid Dailami allies - Dailami Dynasties (only Hasanuyids from 961 to 1015 CE)

NotesA command may not have more than one TUG of nobles.

Kurdish scoutsCAVALRY


-Drilled Flexible

Town militia (only Marwanids)

INFANTRYPoor Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral Shooters

Formed Close

Ghilman (only Marwanids)CAVALRY



Shaybani Bedouin Arabs (only Annazids)

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected Long Spear - Combat Shy

Formed Flexible



Lancer-

UG SizeTraining and

NoblesCAVALRY

Superior ProtectedCharging

Lancer- Melee Expert

Formed Loose

Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

KurdishArmy Commander Any if Marwanid, otherwise Instinctive 950 CE to 1085 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, Mountains



Min



Experienced 4,6Bow Up to half



Skilled 4,6Bow Up to half



- 0 8,9,10- 10


Experienced 4,6Bow All or none


Kara-Khanid KhanateArmy Commander Any Instinctive 960 CE to 1211 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, PlainsInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

NoblesCAVALRY

Superior Unprotected Short Spear - Melee ExpertFormed Flexible

Melee ExpertFormed Flexible

GhilmanCAVALRY


Upgrade richest noblesCAVALRY

Superior Protected Short Spear -

-Formed Flexible

Upgrade horse archersCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - - -Formed Flexible



Combar ShyTribal Loose

ArchersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - DismountableTribal Loose

Kumaji tribesmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - -


Skirmishing horse archersCAVALRY


LevyINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected Short Spear -





Upgrade skirmishing horse archers

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected - Cantabrian


Kara-Khanid Khanate


Historical NotesThe Karakhanids (or Qarakanids) were a confederation formed sometime in the 9th century CE. In 960 there was a mass conversion of Turks to Islam, circumstantial evidence suggests these were the Karakhanids. In the final decade of the 10th century they began struggle against the Samanids for control of Transoxiana. By 999 they held the Samanid capital Bukhara. The Ghaznavids took the territory south of the Oxus river, the Karakhanids the territory to the north. At around this time the Karakhanids completed the conquest of the Kingdom of Khotan in the Turfan basin. Early in the 11th century the unity of the Karakhanid dynasty was fractured by frequent internal warfare and split into eastern and western khanates. In 1089 the Seljuks seized the Western Khanate. The Eastern Khanate became a Seljuk vassal but regained full independence quickly and by the beginning of the 12th century had captured some Seljuk territory.The Qara Khitai were remnants of the Liao dynasty. In 1137 they defeated the Western Khanate. The Karakhanids became vassals. In 1141 the Qara Khitai became the dominate power in the region by defeating the Seljuks at the Battle of Qatwan. In 1207 the Khwarazm invaded and in 1211 defeated the Qara Khitai near Talas. The Karakhanid state was quickly extinguished.

Troop NotesThe Karakhanids were similar to other Turkish armies, but employed a core of ghulam slave troops. Kumaji were tribesman from the mountains north of the upper Oxus.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 2,3,4- 8- 2,3,4- Any



- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6- 6- 0 6,8,9- 24


- 0 6,8,9- 9

- 0 6,8,9

- 12


GhaznavidArmy Commander Any 962 CE to 1187 CESub-Generals Any Standard, Plains, MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

ElephantsELEPHANTS

Average Protected - Shove -Tribal Loose

-Tribal Loose

GhilmanCAVALRY


Upgrade elephants with armour

ELEPHANTSAverage Fully Armoured - Shove

-Formed Flexible



Nomad horse archersCAVALRY



Spearmen and archersINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear Shieldwall Integral ShootersFormed Close



Lancer-





Drilled Flexible

ArchersINFANTRY


AlliesHindu Indian allies - Late Classical Indian (from 1050 to 1187 CE)


NaffatunINFANTRY




Chargers


Ghaznavid


NotesGhaznavid allied contingents may not include Elephants.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesIn 962 CE Alp Tigin, a Turkic ghulam general, seized power at Ghazna. His son Mahmud the Great conquered the remaining Samanid territories, much of Northern India and territory from the Buwayhids. By 1027 the empire stretched from south of the Caspian Sea to India. The western territories were lost, first to the Seljuk Turks and then to the Ghurids so that only the Indian possessions remained. The last of these was lost in 1187.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin




- 6 4,6- 24- 0 4,6- 24

Skilled 0 4,6Bow 6

- 0 6,8,9- 18- 6 6,8,9- 27- - Up to 1/4- 0 6,8,9- 9


- 0 6,8,9- 9



Early Fatamid EgyptianArmy Commander Any Professional 969 CE to 1073 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Royal mamluks (from 978 CE)

CAVALRYSuperior Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert

Drilled Loose

-Drilled Loose

LancersCAVALRY


Mamluks (from 978 CE)CAVALRY



Turcoman tribesmen (from 1050 CE)

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected - - -

Formed Flexible




Sudanese 'abid al-shiraINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear -Melee Expert,


Berber spearmenINFANTRY



Sudanese sarirayaINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear - Integral ShootersDrilled Close

Upgrade 'abid al-shira as lutat with maces

INFANTRYAverage Protected 2-H Cut-Crush -

Pavise, Combat ShyDrilled Loose

Dailami mercenaries (from 978 CE)




Sudanese archersINFANTRY




Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

Dailami or other mercenary archers (from 978 CE)

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected - -

*see note


Early Fatamid EgyptianExperienced 0 6

Firearm 6Experienced 0 6,9

Javelin 30

Combat Shy

Changes from last versionAbid al-shiira melee expert. Feigned flight.

NotesUp to 2 elements in each Abid 'al-shira TuG may be replaced with lutat macemen.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesThe Fatimid state took shape among the Kutama Berbers in North Africa. In 969 CE they conquered Egypt and established Cairo as he capital of their caliphate.

Troop NotesFrom the mid-9th century Arab armies became dependent for regular troops on contingents of slave soldiers, the ghulams. The largely Turkish white slaves were known as Mamluks. The central corps were the Royal Mamluks. As well as Turks, the slave-soldiers were mostly either Sudanese or Berbers. The Sudanese units were known collectively as 'Abid al-Shira. They served as spearmen but also as archers. Some archers may have been defended with a front rank of spearmen with large shields, hence the option for Pavise. Bedouin and Berber tribesmen also served as auxiliaries.

-Skirmisher



NaffatunINFANTRY




Min



Skilled 4 4,6Bow 12


Skilled 1/4 4,6Bow 3/4

- 0 4,6- 12- 0 6,8- 24



-Skirmisher

NotesA Turcoman ally can only command Turcomans.This army may use Feigned Flight.


Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy

-Tribal Close

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

Seljuk spearmenINFANTRY


-Formed Flexible

Arab cavalryCAVALRY


Upgrade Turcoman tribesmen


-Formed Flexible

Turcoman tribesmenCAVALRY


Seljuk tribesmenCAVALRY


UG SizeTraining and

Seljuk noblesCAVALRY

Superior Protected Short Spear - -Formed Loose

Internal Allied Generals Any Instinctive (Turcoman ally) Unfortified or Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

Seljuk TurkArmy Commander Any Instinctive 1037 CE to 1090 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Plains


Seljuk Turk

Troop NotesThe Seljuk army relied on Turcomans. The 'askar system had not been introduced at this date.


Historical NotesThe Seljuks (or Seljuqs) were a branch of Oghuz Turks who around 985 CE converted to Islam and in the 11th century migrated into mainland Persia where they encountered the Ghaznavid empire. In 1035 they defeated the Ghaznavids and received territory. In 1040 they defeated the Ghaznavid army again and ended the Ghaznavid domination in Khurasan. The successful siege of Isfahan in 1050-1051 led to the establishment of the Great Seljuk Empire. In 1055 they captured Baghdad. From the start of his reign in 1063 Alp Arslan had most of the empire under his control and this has its own list - Great Seljuk Empire. Turkmen in Syria retained their independence and are represented by this list. Another group in Kirman which was not brought into the empire until 1073 and are represented by this list. The Sultanate of Rum was founded in 1081 and incorporated into the Empire in 1086. Between these dates it is represented by this list.



Min





Skilled 1/4 4,6Bow 3/4

- 0 4,6- 12- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6- 6- 0 6,8- 24- 0 6,8,9- 9



Great Seljuk EmpireArmy Commander Any Professional 1063 CE to 1092 CESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, PlainsInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive (Turcoman ally) Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Melee

Weaponry

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Royal mamluksCAVALRY

Exceptional Protected Short Spear - -Drilled Loose

-Drilled Loose

Turcoman tribesmenCAVALRY


MamluksCAVALRY


-Formed Flexible

Arab cavalryCAVALRY


Upgrade Turcoman tribesmen



AgulaniCAVALRY

SuperiorArmHrs/Fully

Armoured- Melee Expert -

Formed Close



Lancer-

-Tribal Close




Drilled Flexible

Seljuk spearmenINFANTRY


-Skirmisher


Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy

AlliesPecheneg allies (only in 1091 CE)


Great Seljuk Empire

Troop NotesSeljuk armies consisted of 2 major elements, the 'askar of the Sultan and the 'askar of the provincial amirs. The 'askars were full-time mamluks. These were supplemented by Turcoman tribesmen and Bedouin and Kurdish auxiliaries. A source records the Royal 'askar numbering 46,000 under Malik Shah.


NotesA Turcoman ally can only command Turcomans.This army may use Feigned Flight.

Historical NotesIn 1071 CE the Seljuk army defeated the Byzantine army at Manzikert. Under Malik Shah I (1072-1091) they ruled from the Aegean Sea to the edge of China. When Malik Shah I died in 1092, the empire was split between his brother and four sons.


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