A

PROJECT REPORT ON

UPS-CUM-EPS

DEPARTMENT OF DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL

SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC

BHARUCH

Submitted By: - Guided By:-

SHRI K. J. POLYTECHNICSHRI K. J. POLYTECHNIC(Affiliated to Gujarat technological University)

Department of Diploma in Electrical

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that “………………………………………………………………………….” Of

diploma in electrical has completed their project “UPS-CUM-EPS” Satisfactorily during

the Year 2013-14

Date:-

Signature of guide Head of Department

________________ ________________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project report shall be incomplete if we do not convey our heartfelt

gratitude to those people from whom We have got considerable support and encouragement

during this project. Many people have helped, provided direction, technical information and

advice at all stages of our project and it’s our pleasure to say vote of thanks to all of them.

However, with the help of our project guide “BINA PANDYA” it seems much more interesting

to write this thesis than we expected.

Also we are very much thankful for our college SHRI K. J. POLYTECHNIC, which

provide us a good study environment & available access to get literature. Besides our friends

showed their kindly help & support in our thesis. Because of them, living in Bharuch & studying

in K.J.Polytechnic (Bharuch) is a nice time.

ABSTRACT

The project is designed The UPS helps to "smooth out" voltage, i.e. eliminate peaks that

are over a certain level. When there is a power outage, the energy stored in the emergency

battery keeps the power supply flowing to equipment for a small amount of time (normally for 5

to 10 minutes). Beyond the minutes of autonomy that the UPS supplies, this gained time also

allows the equipment to be switched to other energy sources. Some UPSs can also be directly

attached to the computer (e.g. with a USB cable) so that it can order its own shutting off in case

of a power outage and thus avoid any data loss.

INDEX

SR.

NONAME

PAGE

NO.SIGN

1. CHAPTER:1 SURVEY REPORT

2.CHAPTER:2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

& STATEMENT OF UDP

CHAPTER:3 DISCRIPTION OF UDP

3

2.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & ITS WORKING

2.5 OPERATION

2.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.7 COMPONENT LIST

4

CHAPTER: 4 PROJECT WORKDONE&

FUTURE OUTLINE

4.1PROJECT WORKDONE

4.2 FUTURE OUTLINE

5. BIBLOGRAPHY

CHAPTER NO. 1

SURVEY REPORT

1. SURVEY REPORT

We first discussed about the various project topic. We took opinion of few. We visited

industries. also but we did not get any interesting idea. Then we started looking for the project on

internet. We searched different sites which includes information regarding our filed. The sites

which are visited by us is as follow: www.beyondlogic.org, www.wekipedia.com

www.alldatasheet.com, www.howstuffworks.com.)We also took references from different books

like electric circuit, basic electronics, machine-1 and machine-2 etc. Then we saw list of project

names on internet. We read details of many projects. Then we saw this project on net and we

studied it in details. We found this project interesting and useful in industries. We finally

discussed it in our group and selected it by our side. Then we also took reference of our seniors

and professors of our college. They also gave us positive feedback. Then finally we saw it to our

guide and he accepted our project topic.

CHAPTER NO. 2

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION &

STATEMENT OF UDP

2.1STATEMENT OF UDP

2.1 STATEMENT OF UDP

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that protects electronic equipment from

power uncertainties. A UPS is a device that is interfaced between the electric network (connected

to utility power) and the materials that need protecting.

The UPS allows the materials to be switched to emergency battery power for several minutes

in case of electrical problems, in particular during:

Power line disturbances, i.e. a split second power outage that can cause a computer to

restart

Power outages, corresponding to a break in the power supply for a given amount of time

Overvoltage, i.e. a nominal value greater than the maximum value needed for the normal

functioning of electrical appliances

Undervoltage, i.e. a nominal value less than the maximum value needed for the normal

functioning of electrical appliances

Voltage spikes, i.e. high amplitude transient (short-term) overvoltage. These spikes are

caused when powerful devices are stopped or started and overtime can damage electrical

components

Lightening, which is a source of extreme overvoltage that occur suddenly during bad

weather (storms)

Most electrical disruptions are tolerated by computer systems. However, sometimes they can

cause data loss and service interruptions and even material damages.

CHAPTER NO. 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & ITS WORKING

2.3 COMPONENT LIST

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The ever increasing importance of computers in industry and commerce will increase the

need for quality, high stability and interruption free power supplies.

A clean ac power source is the fundamental to the operation of most sensitive electronic

equipment, and many new and sophisticated circuits are designed to overcome the effects of

disturbances normally found in the mains ac supply.

In order to protect a sensitive system from power losses and blackouts, an alternative

power source is required that can switch into operation immediately when disruption occurs. An

interruptible power supply (UPS) is just such an alternative source. A UPS generally consists of

a rectifier, battery charger, a battery bank and inverter circuit which converts the commercial ac

input into dc suitable for input to the battery bank and the inverter. The rectifier should have its

input protected and should be capable of supplying power to the inverter when the commercial

supply is either slightly below the normal voltage or slightly above.

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & ITS WORKING

WORKING

This is the circuit diagram of a simple UPS that can deliver 12V unregulated and 5V

regulated DC. The transformer T1 steps down the mains voltage to 12V AC and then the bridge

B1 rectifies it. The rectified signal is smoothed by the capacitor C1.When the mains supply is

available the battery will be charged via diode D3 and the regulator IC gets supply via diode D5.

12V and 5V DC will be available at the output terminals. When mains supply is not available the

battery supplies current to the regulator IC and to the 12V DC terminal through diode D4.Also,

the diode D3 blocks reverse flow of current during battery mode. Capacitors C2 and C3 acts as

filters.

working principle of UPS From basic principles in terms of application, UPS is a device

that contains stored energy in order to inverter as the main component, regulated stable

frequency output power protection equipment. Mainly by the rectifier, batteries, power inverters

and static switch of several components.

3.3 COMPONENT LIST

1. TRANSFORMER (230 – 12 V AC)

2. VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)

3. RECTIFIER

4. FILTER

5. BATTERY

6. STATIC SWITCH

7. LED

8. DIODE (1N4007)

9. RESISTOR

10. CAPACITOR

3.3.1 TRANSFORMER

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with a little loss of power.

Step-up transformers increase voltage, step-down transformers reduce voltage. Most power

supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high voltage to a safer low

voltage.

FIG 2.1: A TYPICAL TRANSFORMER

The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called the secondary. There is

no electrical connection between the two coils; instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic

field created in the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines in the middle of the circuit

symbol represent the core. Transformers waste very little power so the power output is (almost)

equal to the power input. Note that as voltage is stepped down and current is stepped up.

3.3.2 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805

The purpose of a voltage regulator is to keep the voltage in a circuit relatively close to a

desired value. They are one of the most common electronic components, the are used since a

power supply can produce high current that can damage one component/or whole of the circuit.

Voltage regulators have variety of functions. It all depend on the application. Voltage can be

changed by varing the source voltage or Varyng the input impedance of the regulator being used.

Features

• Output Current up to 1A.

• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V.

• Thermal Overload Protection.

• Short Circuit Protection.

• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection. \

3.3.3 RECTIFIER

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), to direct current

(DC), current that flows in only one direction, a process known as rectification. Rectifiers have

many uses including as components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals. In this

project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full wave

rectification. In positive half cycle only two diodes( 1 set of parallel diodes) will conduct, in

negative half cycle remaining two diodes will conduct and they will conduct only in forward bias

only.

3.3.4 FILTER

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier

and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and

load is maintained constant..

The simple capacitor filter is the most basic type of power supply filter. The use of this

filter is very limited. This filter is also used in circuits where the power-supply ripple frequency

is not critical and can be relatively high. Below figure can show how the capacitor changes and

discharges.

2.3.5 BATTERY

UPS battery is used as a storage energy device, which consists of several cells in series, with

a capacity to maintain its size determines the discharge (supply) time. Its main function is: When

the electricity is normal, the energy converted into chemical energy stored in the battery internal;

when the electricity fails, the chemical energy into electrical energy provided to the inverter or

the load.

3.3.6 STATIC SWITCH

static switch also known as static switch, which is a non-contact switch, is to use two

SCR (SCR) reverse parallel composition of a communication switch, its closed and disconnected

from the logic controller control. Conversion and the model is divided into two kinds of type

and. Conversion-type switch is mainly used for two-way power supply system, its role is to

achieve all the way to another road from the automatic switching; and model switch is mainly

used for parallel inverters with electricity or more inverter.

CHAPTER NO. 4

PROJECT WORK DONE3.1 PROJECT WORK DONE

3.2 FUTURE OUTCOMES

3.1 PROJECT WORK DONE

NO. PARTICULARS MONTH

1. FINDING THE TITAL OF PROJECT JULY 2013

2. COLLECTION OF DATA FROM INTERNET AUGUST 2013

4. GET DETAIL OF COMPONENTSEPTEMBER

20135. ANALYSIS OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

6.PREPARATION OF THE REPORT WITH

PRESENTATIONOCTOBER 2013

3.2

FUTURE OUTCOMES

SRNO. PARTICULARS MONTH

1. COLLECT THE COMPONENT FROM MARKET JAN 2014

2. DESIGN CIRCUIT FEB 2014

4. TESTING OF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS MARCH 2014

5. PREPARE FINAL REPORT MARCH 2014

6. SUBMISSION APRIL 2014

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES

http://en.kioskea.net/contents/605-uninterruptible-power-supply

http://www.utilizewindows.com-uninterruptible-power-supply-ups

http://www.cclonline.com/UPS-Battery-Backup/An-introduction-to-UPS