mosquitoes, wetlands and aquatic plants
DESCRIPTION
Managing mosquitoes associated with constructed and rehabilitated wetlands is a major concern. A key factoring influencing mosquito production is aquatic vegetation. Here are the key slides from a presentation from ‘Managing constructed wetlands and water plants’ workshop at Sydney Olympic Park, NSW, Australia.TRANSCRIPT
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Mosquitoes in Constructed Wetlands
Dr Cameron Webb
Department of Medical Entomology
Pathology West – ICPMR Westmead, Westmead Hospital
Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @mozziebites
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• Most common in Australia (~5,000 cases/pa)• Symptoms:
Not fatal but rash, fever, joint pain, polyarthritis
• Complex ecology, in different regions: Seasonal & geographic variation Different vectors
• Marsupial hosts? Bird hosts? Human hosts?
Ross River & Barmah ForestRoss River & Barmah Forest
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Water Sensitive Urban Design Integration of water management into
urban planning and design Urban developments contain a suite
of water conservation strategies Constructed wetlands Bioretention swales Raingradens Rainwater tanks
Mosquito risk variable Design, construction, installation and
maintenance issues can increase the mosquito risk
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Constructed WetlandsConstructed Wetlands Stormwater retention & treatment Wildlife conservation Change local mosquito diversity Change in local environmental
drivers of mosquito populations Change in reservoir hosts Wetland design & maintenance
Water quality, depth & flow rates Edge structure and slope Vegetation zones Predators
Well funded management plan
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Wetlands support diverse habitats
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Vegetation and mosquito risk?
Stem density: multiple stems increase refuge Growth density: more plants per area Invasiveness: create monoculture Plant litter: increase refuge & organic content Deep water tolerant: potentially greater coverage Floating plants: density & root mass provides refuge Terrestrial plants: grow into water & provide refuge? What plants are required to meet wetland objectives
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Plant group Plant nameMosquito Risk
High Med Low
Emergent Alisma spp. (e.g. Water Plantain) +
Sagittaria spp. (e.g. Arrowhead) +
Cyperus spp. (e.g. Giant Sedge) +
Typha spp. (e.g. Cumbungi) +
Phragmites spp. (e.g. Common Reed) +
Bolboschoenus spp. (e.g. Clubrush) + +
Eleocharis spp (e.g. Common Spikerush) +
Persicaria spp. (e.g. Slender Knotweed) +
Floating Azolla spp. (e.g. Water Fern) +
Eichhornia spp. (e.g. Water Hyacinth) +
Lemna spp. (e.g. Duckweed) +
Potamogeton spp. (e.g. Pondweed) +
Salvinia spp. (e.g. Salvinia) +
Ranunculus spp. (e.g. Buttercups) +
Based on Knight et al. (2003) Ecol. Engineering 21:211-232 & Sainty and Jacobs (2003) Waterplants in Australia
Estimated mosquito risk associated with aquatic vegetation
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Provides assistance to local governments on assessing mosquito risk associated with wetlands
Provides background on mosquito and mosquito-borne disease risk
A framework for decision making
Highlight wetland projects that may require more detailed assessments and the engagement of consultants to develop a site-specific plan
Guidelines for constructed wetlands
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Wetland RehabilitationWetland Rehabilitation Accompany development More mosquitoes?
Restore tidal flooding (coastal) Environmental flows (inland)
Long-term & short-term issues Change in local environmental
drivers of mosquito populations Change in reservoir hosts Mosquito management? Are these “natural” habitats?
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Regional Approaches to Mosquito RiskRegional Approaches to Mosquito Risk
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Follow me on Twitter @mozziebites
Learn more about my research:
http://cameronwebb.wordpress.com
Thank you