MOTHER BOARD

Mother Board

Holds CPU, memory, PCI bays, etc

MOTHER BOARD

Mother Board

Modern motherboards include, at a minimum:Sockets in which one or more processors are installed

Slots into which the system's main memory is installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips)

A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses

Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS

A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components

Slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)

Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards

MOTHER BOARD

Mother Board

Connectors to support commonly-used input devices, such as PS/2 connectors for a mouse and keyboard.

Minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Typically video and network interface hardware is also integrated into the motherboard

I/O ports like Serial, Parallel and USB and their associated driver chips

Disk controller, typically SATA disk controller, for Hard Disk and CD/DVD Drives

Given the high thermal design power of high-speed computer CPUs and components, modern motherboards nearly always include heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat.

CD/DVD Drive

CD/DVD

CD (Compact Disk)   Capacity is 700 to 800 MBOptical storage device. Data is read from CD by a laser.Stores data as light and dark spots on the disk surface. They have an unlimited life-span.RO, R & RW CDsI/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 150KB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 52x speeds available

DVD  (Digital Video Disk)4.7 GB RO, R & RW DVDsI/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 1.35MB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 20x speeds available

Blu RayUpto 50 GBUser Blue Laser

QUESTIONS?

Adaptors (Expansion Cards)

Adapters

Use PCI Bus - Peripheral Components Interconnect (32 /64bit, Data Transfer Rate: 133 MB/s)

Mini PCI – used in laptops, 32 Bit, 33 MHz

PCI Express – Replacing PCI, 32/64 Bit, Data Transfer Rate: 8 GB/s

Adapters (Often Integrated on Motherboard)Video

Sound

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Modem

TV Tuner

Power Supply

Power Supply

SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)AC mains input is converted to DC voltage which feeds the Motherboard, drives and other devices.

ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) Generally 90 - 250 watts

DISPAY

Display

CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube)Electron Gun & Florescent ScreenSingle Gun for Monochrome and 3 Guns for Colour Screen

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)About blocking light when not needed TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor LCD)19” in Desktop and 15” in Laptops

Power ConsumptionCRT – 110 wattLCD – 30-40 watt

Colour Depth: 65,000 colours, 24 million coloursResolution: 1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1200

KEYBOARD

Keyboard

101-key Enhanced keyboard

104-key Windows keyboard, 3 more keys.

Press the Key - Detect the position on the key matrix (16 bytes)

MOUSE

Mouse

MechanicalUse two rollers (one vertical and one horizontal) to track motion

Rolled by the Track ball

OpticalUse a tiny camera to tracking the motion

LED (red light beamer)

IntelliMouseExtra wheel

QUESTIONS?

Network Interface

NIC

10/100 or 10/100/1000 Integrated Ethernet Network InterfaceServers may have multiple Network Interfaces

802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless Interface in Laptops in addition to wired Ethernet Network Interface

I/O Ports

I/O Ports

Serial port (Com port)One bit at a time -- Uses thin cable

Parallel port Parallel because it can move a whole byte at a time

Mainly used for connection to a printer

Universal Serial Bus (USB) replaces those4 wires (2 for power & 2 for communication)

Upto 60 MB/s

USB Pen Drives, Printers, External Disks, Drives etc.

Printers

Printers

Peripheral for printing

LaserJet (Mono & Colour)

Inkjet (Colour)

Dot MatrixLine

Multifunction Printers

BIOS

BIOS

BIOS is an acronym that stands for Basic Input/Output System.

BIOS refers, in part, to the firmware code (a type of boot loader) run by a PC when first powered on.

The primary function of the BIOS is to identify and initialize system component hardware such as the video display card, hard disk, and floppy disk and some other hardware devices.

This is to prepare the machine into a known low capability state, so other software programs stored on various media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.

BIOS Setup allows to set the boot sequence and system date and time among other things.

Computer Assembly

Computer Assembly

In India Computers are assembled in factory although all the major components like the motherboard, CPU, Hard Disk, RAM DIMMs, CD/DVD Drives, Keyboard, Mouse, TFT Displays etc. are all imported. The computer system is run through a process of Quality assurance which includes a burn test and functional testing.The Operating system may be preloaded or reloaded by the customer.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

Some of the typical problems faced in Computers which could be related to hardware issues are:

No power in the systemSystem not booting System boots with beep soundsSystem Reboots repeatedlySystem has a humming soundSystem boots with a blue screenSystem displays non system boot disk message when bootedSystem does not boot with a CD/DVD diskMonitor does not receive signal from the computer

To troubleshoot a problem, experience is commonly used to generate possible causes of the symptoms. Determining which cause is most likely is often a process of elimination - eliminating potential causes of a problem.

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