Motherboard

Aj.Drusawin VongpramateInformation Technology, Faculty of Science

Buriram Rajabhat University

Motherboard

A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Motherboard

BUS

The bus also known as the address bus, data bus, or control bus is a data connection between two or more devices connected to the computer. For example, a bus enables a computer processor to communicate with the memory or a video card to communicate with the memory.

BUS

The bus contains multiple wires (signal lines) that contain addressing information that describes the memory location of where the data is being sent or where it is being retrieved. Each wire in the bus carries a single bit of information, which means the more wires a bus has the more information it can address. For example, a computer with a 32-bit address bus can address 4GB of memory, and a computer with a 36-bit bus can address 64GB of memory.

BUS

A bus is capable of being a parallel or serial bus and today all computers utilize two bus types, an internal bus or local bus and an external bus, also called the expansion bus. An internal bus enables a communication between internal components such as a computer video card and memory and an external bus is capable of communicating with external components such as a USB or SCSI device.

BUS on Motherboard

BUS on Motherboard

Examples of computer buses

A-F G-N O-P P-ZAGPATAEISAeSATAExpressCardFirewireFSB

HyperTransportIDEISAMCANuBus

PATAPC CardPCIPCIePCMCIA

SATASBusSCSIUSBVLBVME Bus

Chipset

A chipset is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on the motherboard. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors. Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance.

Chipset

LGA 1150 ChipsetChipset Code Name Release Date Bus Interface Bus Speed PCI Express

lanes PCI SATA USB PCIe M.2 Support

Z87 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 6 Ports Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

H87 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 6 Ports Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

H81 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 6 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 2 Ports & 3 Gbit/s, 2 Ports

Rev 3.0, 2 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

Q87 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 6 Ports Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

Q85 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 4 Ports & 3 Gbit/s, 2 Ports

Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

B85 Lynx Point June 2013 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 4 Ports & 3 Gbit/s, 2 Ports

Rev 3.0, 4 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports No

Z97 Wildcat Point May 2014 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 6 Ports Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports Yes

H97 Wildcat Point May 2014 DMI 2.0 4 GB/s 8 PCIe 2.0 No 6 Gbit/s, 6 Ports Rev 3.0, 6 Ports & Rev 2.0, 8 ports Yes

AMD ChipsetModel Code name Released CPU support Fab (nm) HT (MHz) IGP CrossFire SLI[5] TDP Southbridge Features / Notes

AMD 870 chipset RX880 2010Phenom II,Athlon 64,Sempron

65 2600 (HT 3.0) No Hybrid, x16

+ x4 No SB850 Single PCIe 2.0 x16

AMD 880G chipset RS880P Q4 2010Phenom II,Athlon II,Sempron

55 2600 (HT 3.0)

Radeon HD 4250 Hybrid No

SB710,SB750,SB810,SB850,SB920,SB950

DirectX 10.1, UVD2,HDMI/HDCP, DisplayPort/DPCP,OR single PCIe 2.0 x16AM3+ socket support

AMD 880M chipset RS880M Q2 2010

Mobile Phenom II,

Mobile Turion II,

Mobile Athlon II,

Mobile Sempron

V-Series

55 2600 (HT 3.0)

Radeon HD 4250Radeon HD 4270

PowerXpress

AXIOM/MXM

module(s)

No SB820

DirectX 10.1, UVD2,HDMI/HDCP, DisplayPort, DVI, VGA,OR single PCI-E 2.0 x16Mobile Chipset, Danube platform

AMD 890GX chipset RS880D Q2 2010Phenom II,Athlon II,Sempron

55 2600 (HT 3.0)

Radeon HD 4290

Hybrid,x8 + x8 No 22 W

SB710,SB750,SB810,SB850

DirectX 10.1, UVD2,HDMI/HDCP, DisplayPort/DPCP,Side-port memory,OR two PCIe 2.0 x16

AMD 890FX chipset RD890 Q2 2010Bulldozer,[6]

Phenom II,Athlon II,Sempron

65 2600 (HT 3.0) No x16 + x16

or x8 quad No 18 WSB710,SB750,SB810,SB850

Four PCIe 2.0 x16

AMD 970 chipset RX980

Q2 2011

Bulldozer, Piledriver

Phenom II, Athlon II,

Sempron, FX

65

2400 (HT 3.0)

No

x16 + x4 No 13.6WSB710,SB750,SB810,SB850,SB920,SB950

Single PCIe 2.0 x16, IOMMUAM3+ socket support

AMD 990X chipset RD980

2600 (HT 3.0)

x8 + x8 x8 + x8 14W Two PCIe 2.0 x16, IOMMUAM3+ socket support

AMD 990FX chipset RD990 x16 + x16or x8 quad

x16 + x16or x16 + x8

+ x8or x8 quad

19.6 W Four PCIe 2.0 x16, IOMMUAM3+ socket support

Motherboard

Clock generator

A clock generator is a circuit that produces a timing signal (known as a clock signal and behaves as such) for use in synchronizing a circuit's operation. The signal can range from a simple symmetrical square wave to more complex arrangements. The basic parts that all clock generators share are a resonant circuit and an amplifier.

The resonant circuit is usually a quartz piezo-electric oscillator, although simpler tank circuits and even RC circuits may be used.

Clock generator

Other such optional sections include frequency divider or clock multiplier sections. Programmable clock generators allow the number used in the divider or multiplier to be changed, allowing any of a wide variety of output frequencies to be selected without modifying the hardware.

The clock generator in a motherboard is often changed by computer enthusiasts to control the speed of their CPU, FSB, GPU and RAM. Typically the programmable clock generator is set by the BIOS at boot time to the selected value; although some systems have dynamic frequency scaling, which frequently re-programs the clock generator.

Clock generator

Clock multiplierMany modern microcomputers use a "clock

multiplier" which multiplies a lower frequency external clock to the appropriate clock rate of the microprocessor. This allows the CPU to operate at a much higher frequency than the rest of the computer, which affords performance gains in situations where the CPU does not need to wait on an external factor (like memory or input/output).

Clock multiplier

Clock multiplier

Clock multiplier

Clock multiplier

Link to :: Clock Generator Chips

Clock generator

Dynamic frequencyThe vast majority of digital devices do not

require a clock at a fixed, constant frequency. As long as the minimum and maximum clock times are respected, the time between clock edges can vary widely from one edge to the next and back again. Such digital devices work just as well with a clock generator that dynamically changes its frequency, such as spread-spectrum clock generation, dynamic frequency scaling, PowerNow!, Cool'n'Quiet, SpeedStep, etc.

Motherboard Diagnostic & Repair

Errors Code*1. Beep code (speaker)2. Error messages (monitor)3. Debug code (led on motherboard)

* upon vendor

Motherboard Diagnostic & Repair

Beep code

Motherboard Diagnostic & Repair

Error messages

Motherboard Diagnostic & Repair

Debug code

Question & Answer