motion
TRANSCRIPT
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MOTION
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What is Motion?
Motion is the act or process of moving.
Any object that changes in position is in motion, wheter you are riding a bicycle, running or even walking, you are in motion.
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Some Motion Terms
Scalar .vs. vectorDistance & DisplacementVelocity & SpeedAccelerationUniform motion
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Motion can be described in terms of measured quantities:
SCALAR QUANTITY - completely described by the size or
magnitude
(e.g. volume, mass, time)
VECTOR QUANTITY- described by the magnitude or size of the
distance traveled as well as its direction. (e.g. velocity, acceleration)
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Distance & Displacement
Distance is the actual distance traveled.
Displacement depends only on Start & Finish line. Shortest distance between two points.
Displacement is the distance traveled, in a certain direction.
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Distance & Displacement
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SPEEDRate of movement of an object
from one place to another at a period of time.
distance (d)S = time (t)
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Example:
A runner runs 100 meters in 7 seconds. What is his speed?
Given: d= 100 m t= 7 sec.Speed = ?
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(d)S = (t)
= 100 m 7 sec.
= 14.29 m/sec.
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VELOCITYRate of change in the position of
an object as it moves in a particular direction.
distance (d)Velocity (u) = time (t)
*with direction
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Example:A car travels 30 kilometers east in one
hour. Calculate the velocity of the car.
(d)Velocity = (t)
30 km = 1 hr
= 30 km/hr east
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AVERAGE VELOCITY
Change in displacement per change in time.
change in distance
Average Velocity (u) = change in time
= d2 – d1
t2-t1
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Example:
Starting from rest an ambulance travels 50 km west for 1.5 hrs to pick up a patient. What is the average velocity of the ambulance?
Given: d1 = 0
d2 = 50 km
T1 = 0
T2 = 1.5 hrs
Average velocity = ?
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Solution:
50 km – 0
u = 1.5 hrs – 0
= 50 km
1.5 hrs
= 33.33 kph
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Instantaneous speed and velocity
Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at any particular given instant while the instantaneous velocity shows the velocity of an object at one point.
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ACCELERATIONRate of change in velocity over time due to
change in speed or/and direction.
An accelerating object is speeding up, slowing down, or changing the direction in which it is moving.
v a = t
*m/s/s
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Average AccelerationRate at which velocity changes
divided by an elapsed time.
For example, if the velocity of a marble increases from 0 to 60 cm/s in 3 seconds. Its average acceleration would be 20 cm/s/s.
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a = Vf - Vi
Tf – Ti
= 60cm/s – 0 3sec – 0
= 20 cm/s/s
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ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
Is the acceleration for any object moving under the sole influence of gravity.
It is such an important quantity that physicist
have a special symbol to denote it – the symbol g.
All objects falling near the earth’s surface fall with a constant acceleration. The numerical value for this is accurately known as 9.8 m/s/s.
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Two Dimensional Motion
PROJECTILE MOTION -- is the curved motion of an object that is objected into the air.
Projectile – is any object that is thrown projected into the air.
Trajectory – is the path taken by a
projectile.
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UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTIONCan be described as the motion of an
object in a circle at a constant speed. As an object moves in a circle it is constantly changing its direction. At all instances, the object is moving tangent to the circle.
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CENTRIPETAL FORCE
Is the force directed toward the center of a circle
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NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
First Law
“ An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force”
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INERTIA
tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
Inertia makes objects keep on doing whatever they are doing. Everything made of matter has inertia, even you.
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NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
Second Law
“ The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the subject and inversely upon the mass of the object”
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1. A constant force produces a constant acceleration
2. Doubling the force will double the acceleration
3. Doubling the mass requires a force twice as large to achieve the same acceleration
F = m a
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NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
Third Law
“ Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first”
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Newton’s third law of motion states that an object experiences a force because it is interacting with some other object. The force that object A exerts on object B must be of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction as the force that object B exerts on object.
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UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
“Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that depends on the product of the two particles' masses divided by the square of the distance between them”
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Gravitational constant (G) X mass (m1) X mass (m2)
(F) = distance (d)2
Where:
G = 6.67 X 10 -11 Nm2 /kg2