motion and speed. what is motion? any physical movement or change in position or place, relative to...
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Motion and Speed
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What is Motion?
any physical movement or change in position or place, relative to a reference point
Reference Point
Movement
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X Axis
Y Axis
Distance = how far an object has moved.
Measured in meters, kilometers (cm or mm)
If each mark represents 10 cm, what is the distance between the girl and the ball? ______
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X Axis
Y AxisIf the girl walks to the red ball, then walks backwards to the bear, how far has she traveled? ______
Displacement = the distance of a body's change in position from a starting point.
Her final displacement is ______ from the starting point.
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Speed = the distance an object travels per unit of time (sec, hour, year..etc)
Speed (meters/second) = distance (in meters) time (sec)
Speed Equation/Triangle
d
s t
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A car travels a distance of 500 m in 10 sec. What is the car's speed?
s = d/t
A second car travels a distance of 100 meters in 20 seconds. What is this car's speed?
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More practice. (Speed = distance/ time)
An elevator travels from the first floor to the 25th floor of a building, a distance of 180 meters, in 60 seconds. What is the elevator's speed?
Find the Distance = ______
Find the Time = _______
Calculate the Speed = _______
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Constant Speed vs Changing Speed
Constant speed means that the speed stays the same throughout the entire distance
*Very few things can stay at a constant speed. Rather, things usually move at a constant speed for a period of time.
The cyclist speeds up, slows down, stops..etc
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Graphs represent speeds of objects. This graph shows a bus as it travels its route.
Between what points is the bus accelerating? _____ & ____Between what points is the bus moving at a constant speed? _____ & _____Between what points is the bus stopped? __________Between what points it the bus decelerating? _________
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Average Speed = total distance traveled time taken
This is useful when you are trying to measure speed, and the object moved at varying speeds throughout the trip. For instance, if you drove from here to Chicago, you might AVERAGE 60mph, even though you stopped at lights, or slowed down or when 70 at some points on your trip.
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On graphs that show distance and time, the SLOPE of the line is a measure of the speed of an object.
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1. Calculate each turtle's speed:
Bill ______
Myrtle ______
Zed ______
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3. Which turtle wins the race?
4. At what time period was Bill and Myrtle's speed the same?2. Can you find from the graph, the point where Zed stopped and floated for a while?
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How can you measure the speed of a mealworm?
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What is Velocity?
Velocity is a measure of the speed of an object AND the direction it is moving in space.
On the escalator, passengers are moving at the same constant speed, but they are moving in different directions.
Velocity can change even if speed is remaining constant (you just change direction)
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Speed is......._____________________________
Velocity is .... _____________________________
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Acceleration = the rate of change of velocity
Positive acceleration = speeding upNegative acceleration = slowing down
Change in Velocity = final velocity (vf) - initial velocity (vi)
acceleration (m/s2) = (vf) - (vi) time
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Change in velocity is often written as
the triangle indicates "change"
acceleration = change in velocity change in time
If a car moves at a constant velocity, then its acceleration is zero
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Calculations
A skateboarder is traveling at 8 m/s. He slows and comes to a stop in 4 sec. What was the acceleration? (hint: it is a negative number)
What is the Vf? _____
What is the Vi? _____
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What is the Vf? _______
What is the Vi? _______
What is the t? _______A sailboat is moving at 12 m/s when a gust of wind changes its velocity to 18 m/s. The wind lasts 10 seconds. For that 10 sec, what was its acceleration?
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Think about this....
What are three ways to change the velocity of a car?
Accelerate
Decelerate
Change direction
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Velocity = distance/time1. If a person is walking at 4 m/s, how far can he travel in 30 seconds?
a) 120 meters b) 7.8 meters c) .08 meters
2. A spaceship can move 100 meters in 2 seconds. What is the ship's velocity?
a) 200 m/s b) 50 m/s c) .002 m/s
3. A chicken runs across the street at a speed of 12 m/s. If the road is 36 meters across, how long does it take for the chicken to cross the road?
a) 3 s b) 432 s c) .333 s