motivation & emotion
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Motivation & emotion. Stephanie Preciado & Roy Navarro. Essential questions. How are people motivated biologically and by the environment? What are the different ways people express emotions in regard to culture, age, and gender?. Motivation. Motivation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Motivation & emotionStephanie Preciado & Roy Navarro
Essential questions
How are people motivated
biologically and by the environment?
What are the different ways people
express emotions in regard to
culture, age, and gender?
Motivation Motivation
o Giving people incentives that cause them to act in desired ways
o Reasons people have for behaving the way they do or doing the things they do
How are people motivated biologically and by the
environment? There are many different theories to why we are
motivated, the following are some examples:o Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needso David McClelland – Power-Affiliation Theoryo Clark Hull – Drive – Reduction Theoryo Push vs. Pull theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Psychologist Abraham Maslow thought that people are motivated by unmet needs.
When a person’s need for something is not met, the person feels driven, or motivated, to meet that need.
Self-actualization - according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow proposed that human beings must fulfil the more basic needs, such as physical and security needs, before being able to fulfill the higher need of self-actualization
Power-Affiliation Theory McClelland believed that our motivation was
based off our need to achieve, for power, and for affiliation.
Need for achievement: o The desire to do something better than it has been done
before Need for power:
o The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people
Need for affiliation:o The desire to maintain close and friendly personal
relationships
Drive Reduction Theory
Clark Hull a behaviorist, created the Drive-Reduction Theory to explain behavior, learning and motivation.
This theory emphasized on our biological needs
Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation
Primary drives: o Those drives that involve needs of the body such as
hunger and thirst Acquired drives:
o Those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval
Homeostasis:o The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
9
Drive-reducingbehaviors(eating,
drinking)
Need(e.g., for
food, water)
Drive(hunger, thirst)
Push vs. Pull theory on hunger
Push vs. Pull Theory:1. Internal states of
tension push people certain directions
2. External stimuli pull people in certain directions
What are the different ways people express emotions in regard to culture,
age, and gender?
Emotions
There is really an undetermined number of emotions
Sprecher (1985), who compiled a list of 15 ―folk emotions that have been found to be important to a variety of ethnic groups in love relationships—the domain of this paper. These were: Positive Emotions: joy, love, and sexual excitement. Negative Emotions: anger, anxiety, depression, fear, frustration, grief, guilt/shame, hate, hurt, jealousy, loneliness, and resentment.
Culture differences
Death of family/close friends, physical separation from loved ones, and world news triggered sadness for Europeans and Americans more frequently than it did for Japanese; Problems in relationships triggered sadness more frequently for Japanese
Situations involving relationships triggered anger more frequently for Americans than Japanese; Situations involving strangers triggered anger more frequently for Japanese
Culture differences
The Japanese hide their emotions in public and in front of important figure
Americans and Europeans are more expressive of their emotions
Cultural differences
Gender differences
There is no differences in the emotions Society usually want men to hold their
emotion into themselves
Age differences
Emotion can be controlled easier due to the shrinking of the hypothalamus
An older woman’s daughter-in-law just gave birth to her fifth grandchild. However, her daughter-in-law and son were quite insulting instructing her on how to hold the baby. In order not to escalate the conflict, the older woman gently gave the baby back to the mother and left the hospital room to vent her emotions alone. She did not want to cause a fight with her family at such a vulnerable time. Later, when things calmed down, she would revisit the issue with her family.
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