motivational approaches
TRANSCRIPT
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Anve s h Sha r m a
BY
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What Is Motivation?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Approaches Distinct Approaches
Behavioral Approach Humanistic Approach Modern Approach
OVERV IEW
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What is Motivation?
• The word Motivation was Derived from the Latin word movere (meaning ‘to move’).
• Motivation is a decision making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes & sets in motion the behavior appropriate to them.
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Dis t i nc t APPROACHES
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Approaches of MotivationThere are three distinct approaches to the motivational phenomena to ensure and boost worker productivity in the organization.
• The Stick or Authoritarian Approach
• The Carrot or Paternalistic approach
• The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach
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The Stick or Authoritarian Approach
• This approach represents the oldest or classical view which compels performance through threats of penalties for failure. The industrialist was a dictator. He believed that might is right. With stick in hand the manager controls his subordinates.
• During these periods workers were completely under the thumb of their masters, subject to arbitrary overtime, arbitrary punishment, arbitrary fines and arbitrary dismissal.
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The Carrot or Paternalistic approach
• This approach suggests that employees should be treated in a fatherly way as if the business organization is a family and they are its dependent members. The employees are given rewards unconditionally.
• There is only carrot and no stick. The employers think that because of these rewards the employees will remain loyal and grateful and work hard.
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The Carrot and Stick or Exchange approach
• This combined approach suggests that with the stick in one hand, the manager will extract work against the threat of penalty and with the carrot in another; he will induce the worker to work harder in the hope of good rewards.
• The carrot and a stick approach is essentially a penalty-reward approach. If the worker produces more, he is given a bonus and if he produces less, he is penalized.
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Behavioral Approach
• Rewards are consequences of behaviors• Incentives encourage or discourage
behaviors
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Humanistic Approaches
• Emphasis on personal choice• Needs• Self-actualization / Self-determination• Maslow’s hierarchy
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow’s Need Theory (5 Levels)• Physiological needs– Basic needs like food & water
• Security needs– Need to produce a secure environment
• Love or social needs– Desire to be accepted by others
• Esteem needs– Being respected for accomplishments or capabilities
• Self-actualization– Desire to develop capabilities to fullest
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Modern Approach
Goal-setting theory• Notion of goal as a motivational force
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