motivation(human resource management)prince dudhatra-9724949948

8/7/2019 Motivation(Human Resource Management)Prince Dudhatra-9724949948

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Human ResourceManagement

MotivationMotivation

prince dudhatra-9724949948


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Motivation: Chapter Contents

jDefinition

j Importance

jModels/Theories



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Definition of Motivation

Motivation the process of arousing and sustainingoal-directed behavior

In narrow sense, motivation is a process of satisfying

the wants and needs of the employees and inducing,

encouraging and helping the employees to perform

their assigned jobs more enthusiastically for the

effective achievement of the organizational goals.

In broad sense, motivation is a process of

directing or channeling the behaviors of the

employees toward task performance.



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The Motivation Framework



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Importance of Motivation

jMotivation is essential because:

Motivated employees are always looking for

better ways to do a job.

A motivated employee generally is more

quality oriented

Highly motivated workers are more productive

than apathetic employees



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Motivational Theories

j Internal

Suggest that variables within the individual giverise to motivation and behavior

Example: Maslows hierarchy of needs theoryj Process

Emphasize the nature of the interaction betweenthe individual and the environment

Example: Expectancy theoryj External

Focus on environmental elements to explainbehavior

Example: Two-factor theoryprince dudhatra-9724949948


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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological



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People must, in a hierarchical order, satisfy

five needs:

Physiological needs for basic survival and

biological function.Security needs for a safe physical and emotional

environment.

Belongingness needs for love and affection.

Esteem needs for positive self-image/self-respect

and recognition and respect from others.

Self-actualization needs for realizing ones

potential for personal growth and development.

The Need Hierarchy Approach (Maslow)



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jPhysiological Needs

Food, water, air and shelter.

jSecurity Needs

Safe physical and emotional environment.jAffiliation Needs

Friendship, love and a feeling of belonging.

jEsteem Needs

Feelings of achievement and self worth through

recognition, respect and prestige from others.

jSelf-Actualization Needs

Self-fulfillment and achievement.

The Need Hierarchy Approach (Maslow)



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Motivational Theories X and Y

Theory X

A set of assumptions of how to manage

individuals who are motivated by lower

order needs

Theory Y

A set of assumptions of how to manage

individuals who are motivated by higherorder needs



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jDouglas McGregor

Developed Theory X and Theory Y

Theory X: managements traditionally negative view

of employees as unmotivated and unwilling workers.

Theory Y: the positive view of employees as

energetic, creative, and willing workers.

Theory X & Y



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McGregors Theories X and Y


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Theories Applied to Needs Hierarchy

Physiological

Safety and Security

Love (Social)

Esteem

SA Theory Y a set of

assumptions of how to

manage individualsmotivated by higher

order needs

Theory X a set of

assumptions of how tomanage individuals

motivated by lower

order needs



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MOTIVATIONAL DRIVES

j David C. McClelland of Harvard University developedthe following four motivational drives: 1. Achievement motivational drive

2. Affiliation motivational drive

3. Competence motivational drive

4. Power motivational drivej Achievement motivational drive: Some employees in

the organization may have achievement motivationaldrive. The employees, who have such drive, try toovercome the challenges and to achieve thegoals/objectives. To these employees, achievement of

goals/objectives is important for its own sake, notbecause some benefits or rewards are associated with thisachievement of goals/objectives. These employees willwork harder and longer period if they perceive that theywould receive personal credits for their effectiveperformances.



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MOTIVATIONAL DRIVES

j Affiliation motivational drive: Some employeeshave affiliation motivational drives. They want torelate themselves with others in the organization.These people become satisfied by getting associatedwith their fellows and friends and they should begiven job freedom as well.

j Competence motivational drive: Some employeeshave competence motivational drive. They want toperform high quality work and they want toimprove/develop their skills in the work place.

j Power motivational drive: In an organization,

some employees have power motivational drives.They want to influence other people and theorganization as a whole. They want to participate indecision making, problem solving, and policymaking process with the management of the

organization that are related to their interest.prince dudhatra-9724949948


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Self-actualization

2 Motivational Need Theories

Maslow

Higher

OrderNeeds

Lower

Order

Needs

Esteem

selfinterpersonal

Safety and Security

interpersonal

physical

Belongingness

(social and love)

Physiological

McGregor

Theory Y

Theory X



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Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory

jHygiene Factor work condition related to

dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain

maintenance factor

contributes to employees feeling not dissatisfied contributes to absence of complaints

jMotivation Factor work condition related

to the satisfaction of the need for

psychological growth

job enrichment

leads to superior performance & effort



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MotivationHygiene Theory of Motivation

Hygiene factors avoidjob dissatisfaction

Company policy and

administration

Supervision

Interpersonal relations

Working conditions Salary

Status

Security

Achievement

Achievement recognition

Work itself

Responsibility

Advancement Growth

Fringe Benefit?

Motivation factorsincrease job satisfaction



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The Two Factor Theory of Motivation



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MotivationHygieneCombinations

Hi

Hi H i ti tif c l i ts

l ti tif c l i ts

H i ti tic l i ts

l ti tic l i ts

( ti ti = , Hygi = H)



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Ways to Motivate People

jTraining

jCoaching

jTask assignmentsjRewards contingent on good

performance

jValued rewards available



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Motivation & Performance

Motivation Ability = Performance (M A = P)


motivation(human resource management)prince dudhatra-9724949948

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