MOUNT ARLINGTON & LANDING MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

MY TOWN THROUGH A CHILD’S EYES Geology & Hydrology

Pre-Colonial Development Colonial Times: Birth of A Nation

19th Century Development Industrial Revolution

Resort Days & Entertainment Modern Era

“Our Poem” – Mount Arlington Class of 2016

Surrounded by old folded rocks and glacial till Mount Arlington and Landing have formed by will The will of the Rogerenes and entrepreneurs Embody the spirit that Americans endure The Lake and its shores have changed over time Using the best of technology one could find Tracing the changes in transportation and conveniences One can marvel how the towns folks rendered their services From canals and mules, stage coaches and wagons Came the trains and trolleys and steamboats tugging Transporting goods and people lead to hotels and camps Allowing all to escape the heat of the city using boating ramps Along came the yachting and boating and an amusement park Which dotted and lit the shores into the dark While the glorious days of the 1900s have past The Lake and its community continue to last

HISTORY & COMMUNITY We are pleased to present our work on the history of our community. This project was made possible by the generous grant and volumes of resources the Mount Arlington Historical Society provided to our school. We look forward sharing our research today and in the future to other students here at MAPS and Decker schools as well as the community at large. After some renovations in our building this summer, this showcase behind will be used as a permanent rotating display educating students about the changes that have occurred over time. We hope that in the future you too will come to view our discoveries and share your knowledge and wisdom as this program continues to grow.

HISTORY & COMMUNITY Today we will present a slideshow enriched with images readily available on the internet. Many of the black and white photos were found on-line in the New Jersey State Archives. Our research efforts we made possible by the resources provided by Mrs. JoAnn Gardner and the Davis family who provided access to the volumes of records maintained by Virginia Rooney. We invited Mrs. Gardner into our classroom to help us process the records. We started listening to the volumes of oral histories the society has maintained. We also found that the on-line articles by Marty Kane of the Lake Hopatcong Historical Society were very useful.

HISTORY & COMMUNITY As part of the program today you are welcomed to stay and discuss your memories and ideas with us and/or take and return a copy of our questionnaire form. Next year we hope to invite more of you back for more detail interviews which will be recorded and taped using the technology resources made possible with the grant monies. We also have a pre-stamped souvenir postcard for you that you can mail to us. Special thanks to our teachers Mrs. Crawford and Mr. Arnold who worked with us on this project.

Geology: The science that deals with the dynamics and physical history of the earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is undergoing

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As shown by the legend, Mount Arlington and Landing are located in a region made of Pre-Cambium rocks such as granite and gneiss, some of the oldest rocks in the world. These rocks are igneous rocks. Beneath the lake sediments and sandstone are found. Sandstone forms over time by the pressure of layers and is a sedimentary rock.

The lake, which was once two separate water bodies, formed during the last ice age. Glacial till from the Wisconsin ice shield formed a terminal moraine south of the lake. The ice is estimated to have been present for ~200 years.

Glacial Boundaries

Hydrology: The science dealing with the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth and its atmosphere

Lake Hopatcong is over 9 miles long, covers 2,700 acres, and has ~38 miles of shoreline. The Lake Hopatcong watershed (the surrounding area that contributes to the water quality and quantity) is relatively small, on the order of 13,500 acres. Much of the surrounding watershed area is undeveloped forest with growing residential development around the Lake. Lake Hopatcong has no major tributaries; rather, the inflow to the Lake is contributed by a number of brooks and streams from the mountain area surrounding the Lake.

Lake Hydrology Lake Hopatcong was originally two adjacent lakes that were the headwaters of the Musconetcong River. A dam was constructed in 1750 to provide power for a local iron forge, and the water level increased by some 5 feet and combined the two lakes into one larger lake. The lake as it is known today was created through the construction of another dam in 1827 by the Morris Canal and Banking Company to build the Morris Canal. Boats on the canal transported coal, iron, and zinc across New Jersey. This raised the lake to 12’ above its natural elevation. The lake is monitored at the dam to control the flow of water downstream.

Circa 1908

1933

Lake Hopatcong USGS Information

USGS stands for the United States Geological Survey.

Lake Hopatcong Gauging Station

Native Americans: Lenape

Lenape Indians The Lenni Lenape was a Native American tribe. They called New Jersey their home for thousands of years. At one point they were forced out by English settlers. Some of the settlers bought their land, but others forced them out with battle. The used the lake to fish and for drinking water. They used the trees to make boats that they used for fishing. They used many natural resources as tools. They used shells like we use shovels and made other tools. They buried their crops underground in containers to keep them from spoiling. Children would watch the garden for animals.

Lenape Indians

Rogerenes The Rogerenes were a group or religionist order who broke away from the original Pilgrims. They came to the region to escape persecution in Connecticut. Travelling from Connecticut, a group of ~20 families arrived around 1705 and settled around Mountain Pond, now called Lake Rogerine. (modern spelling) This group lived like Quakers but were Baptists and established farms, houses, and teaching & religion practices. They had a habit of running off to other churches and just listen from the outside to discover other religions.

The Rogerenes were pacifists and refused to pay the war tax and left the area at the time of the American Revolution.

Lake Rogerine

Lake Rogerine in the Fall

Lake Rogerine/Landing/Mining

All of Morris County had iron ore mining. Near Lake Hopatcong an iron forge was built by John Slade. The forge used bypass water to run its operations and sawmill. The Slade Forge was located near the lower end of Shippenport Rd.

Ruins of a nearby iron forge and sawmill. The ore came from the nearby Mariot's Mine and the Gove Mine near Mountain Pond, now known as Lake Rogerene.

Gove Mine in Landing This mine near Lake Rogerine was mined for magnetite. Magnetite is a type of iron oxide and is the most magnetic naturally occurring mineral on Earth . Its chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide, and its chemical formula is Fe3O4. It is now filled in but had two shafts that extended to 400 feet.

Gove Mine Safety Map 1978

Mount Arlington Silver Spring Mine

The Silver Springs Mine operated in the 1880s and was located near Reda Road. A dip needle uses a compass and protractor to measure magnetic fields of ore deposits.

Morris Canal at Landing

This postcard shows the Landing train station and the Morris Canal circa 1895-1905.

Morris Canal at Landing

"The Feeder leading from Lake Hopatcong to the Morris Canal." [looking north; lock on left]

Completed in 1837, the Morris Canal was an engineering landmark that relied on canals, locks and inclined planes to lift and carry canal boats from Phillipsburg on the Delaware River to Jersey City, the Hudson River and New York Harbor. The boats transported coal, iron ore, manufactured goods and agricultural produce. Lake Hopatcong was the highest elevation on the canal so water feed both east and west.

Morris Canal at Landing

"Near Lake Hopatcong Station." [Will's Basin]

Morris Canal at Landing

"Canal at Lake Hopatcong, Lackawanna R. R. Station." [looking west from the station]

Morris Canal at Landing

"Canal at Will's Basin, near Lake Hopatcong." [top of Plane 1 East, looking west]

Morris Canal at Landing

Morris Canal Lock at Landing

Morris Canal Lock at Landing

Landing Bridge circa 1927

Landing Bridge after 1927

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

Landing Train Station The Morris Canal was abandoned in the 1920s. The area where the canal was located at Landing Station is now a parking lot. The old Lackawanna tracks continue in use at Landing, now operated by New Jersey Transit.

The elevated walkways and elevators were torn down in 1982. The station building, located on Landing Road, has since various commercial occupants. It has recently been beautifully renovated by its current occupant, Carriage House Restoration and Interior Design

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

Trollies and automobiles served the Landing area.

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

This postcard shows the trolley, an automobile, and horse and buggy.

Landing to the Resorts

After arriving in Landing people would board boats and ships to arrive at the resorts.

Steamboats, Trollies, & Railroads

The photo above shows the "Hopatcong", the flagship of Theodore Kings's 'White Line', at the dock in Landing, circa 1905.

T. King had many businesses including a large ice house.

Mountain Ice House Prior to the invention of the refrigerator people used ice boxes. The ice came from the lake and was stored in ice houses. The Mountain Ice House had a huge wooden storage hanger which burned down in 1912. In 1913 a larger one was built standing 56 feet tall. It was the largest ice house in America. It also was the largest single span building until the Radio City Music Hall was built in 1932. It could hold 100,000 tons of ice. That is 3,400,000 cubic feet of ice.

Mountain Ice House after a Fire

Resorts & Hotels

The Breslin Hotel was a grand hotel. It was the largest hotel on the lake and the first to use electricity. The Breslin Hotel was for millionaire vacationers. They went to the hotel to go to the “country”. There were about 250 rooms. It was built in 1886 and opened in 1887 but burned in a fire in 1948. Today only the stairs and their decorative banisters remain.

Breslin Hotel

Breslin Hotel

Breslin Hotel 1913

Breslin Hotel

Resorts & Hotels

The Breslin Hotel changed its name to the Alamac. The Alamac hosted many prominent people and events in the roaring twenties. Lake Hopatcong hosted several strong chess tournaments in the 1920s, including the Ninth American Chess Congress in 1923, which was won by Frank Marshall and Abraham Kupchik, and another tournament in 1926, which was won by world champion José Raúl Capablanca.

Almanac Hotel at Lake Hopatcong

) Marshall-Kupchik, Lake Hopatcong 1926 (Queen's Gambit, Slav Exchange)

Resorts & Hotels

Resorts & Hotels

Resorts & Hotels

Hotel Hollywood, Lake Hopatcong, 1907

Resorts & Hotels

Camping at the Lake

Historical Sites Today

• Lotta Crabtree House: Attol Tryst • Himpler House • Lake Hopatcong Yacht Club • Kil Kare Castle • Landing Bridge Area • Lake Hopatcong Dam • Morris Canal • Bertrand Island • Lee’s Marina & Park

Attol Tryst

The Breslin Hotel was planned so that it would encircled by a ring of elegant cottages. It was felt that being part of a millionaires' summer community would help draw the "appropriate" clientele to the hotel. The most celebrated resident of the community, known as Breslin Park, was Lotta Crabtree, whose house was also designed by architect Frank Furness. Famous enough to be known simply as "Miss Lotta," she was the most popular actress of her era. Lotta used the home, called "Attol Tryst" (Lotta backwards) as a summer retreat

Attol Tryst

After Lotta Crabtree retired, she became very concerned with several charitable causes, including the welfare of veterans and animals. The Lotta Crabtree Trust continues to help worthwhile causes today. Her house is still one of Lake Hopatcong's grandest, having received wonderful care and restoration in recent years by owner and contractor Bob O'Donnell.

Himpler House

One building that hasn't changed much over the years is the home once known as Mira Lacum. With the construction costs of a then-astonishing $75,000, this summer cottage was built of imported stone and meant to resemble a castle on the Rhine. Designed by and built for Francis Himpler, a noted architect, the cottage was called "Mira Lacum" ("view of the lake").

Himpler House

Himpler built his reputation by designing and supervising the construction of Gothic churches in the midwest during the latter part of the 19th century. After moving east, he designed several public buildings in Hoboken. He bought one of the last remaining lakefront lots in Breslin Park and built his castle in 1895.

Kil Kare Kastle

Colonel George G. Green was a "patent medicine" king. In the period prior to government regulation, these popular remedies claimed to cure a wide variety of symptoms and illnesses. Green's most popular medications were August Flower, Green's Ague Conqueror, and Boschee's German Syrup, all manufactured at his laboratories in Woodbridge, New Jersey. He built the largest cottage at Breslin Park, high above the lake on Mount Harry. Named "Kil Kare Castle," it was completed in 1895.

Colonel Green’s Estate remained in his family until 1945. Later renamed "Twin Castle," it has since been a nursing home and an art gallery. Over the years, the gardens down to the lake and the boat house were subdivided. Converted to condominium apartments in the 1990s, the house was devastated by a fire in October 2005. Happily, the condominium association was able to repair the damage and save the structure.

Kil Kare Kastle

Yacht Club

The Lake Hopatcong Yacht Club was designed by Professor Lewis Frederick Pilcher, a New York City architect who lived at the lake in the summer. The building was built in 1907, and its outside and inside are different styles: a two-story frame colonial Georgian Revival style structure with a sharply contrasting Adirondack camp style interior.

Yacht Club in 1916

Yacht Club

Yacht Club

Yacht Club

Lee’s Marina Lee’s Marina and beach has a long

history as a “popular pit stop.”

The Mt. Arlington dock was already

a privately run beach with bath

houses, boats, and refreshments in

the 1890s.

The Lee Brothers operated the

beach during the 1910s, before

purchasing the property now

known as Lee's Park in Van Every

Cove.

In 1924, the Barnes brothers

bought property at the Mt.

Arlington dock and established a

boat yard.

Lee’s Marina

Lee’s County Park

Brothers Clarence and Edwin Lee (no relation to Lee's Pavilion at Nolan's Point) bought land at Van Every Cove in 1919 and founded Lee Brothers Park as a beach and recreation area. Over the years, Clarence bought out his brother's share, the name was changed to Lee's Park, and business passed to Clarence's son, Robert.

Lee’s County Park

In 1995, the Lee family donated the over-ten-acre property to Morris County so that it might be permanently preserved as a park, and it was renamed Lee's County Park Marina. Today, it hosts events such as the Marines Helping Marines Fishing Tournament and is host to the Mountain Lakes Rowing Club.

Diving Tower at Bertrand Island Park, circa late 1930's

Bertrand Island

The "Boardwalk", early 1930's.

Bertrand Island

The outside of the Picnic Basket Pavilion with Roller Coaster at rear. 1930's.

Bertrand Island

You could eat your Picnic Lunch here, 1930's. Compare to the photo below

Bertrand Island

Bertrand Island

In 1903 it cost a penny stamp to mail a postcard. Note that this card passed through 4 different post offices to be delivered.

Postcards were extremely popular in the early 1900s, and many photographs were hand colored .

W J Harris was a famous photographer at the lake. Many of the postcards and photographs in our presentation are copies of his work.

“Our Poem” – Mount Arlington Class of 2016

Surrounded by old folded rocks and glacial till Mount Arlington and Landing have formed by will The will of the Rogerenes and entrepreneurs Embody the spirit that Americans endure The Lake and its shores have changed over time Using the best of technology one could find Tracing the changes in transportation and conveniences One can marvel how the towns folks rendered their services From canals and mules and covered wagons Came the trains and trolleys and steamboats tugging Transporting goods and people lead to hotels and camps Allowing all to escape the heat of the city using boating ramps Along came the yachting and boating and an amusement park Which dotted and lit the shores into the dark While the glorious days of the 1900s have past The Lake and its community continue to last

Sources Geology Geology of Morris County In Brief. http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/county-series/Morris_County.pdf Geology of New Jersey. Map credit: mapmaker.rutgers.edu Stanford, Scott. Glacial aquifers of the New Jersey Highlands. New Jersey Geological Survey. http://www.ganj.org/2006/SDS_Ganj06.pdf Hydrology & Lake Hopatcong Map of Lake Hopatcong http://www.morrisparks.net/aspparks/leestr.asp Lake Hopatcong Dam Photographs http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/pmors037/PMORS037-063.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/pmors037/PMORS037-060.jpg Boat Entering Morris Canal Hand-Colored Photograph http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h-98v4jEejk/Tbz01woApkI/AAAAAAAABto/P6mIUjSGVFU/s1600/Lake_Hopatcong_Morris_Canal_1908_C.jpg USGS Lake Hopatcong Dam Record http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?01455400 USGS Lake Hopatcong Gauge Station http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/uv/?site_no=01455500&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060

Sources Lenape Lenape Tribe Artwork http://culture.delawaretribe.org/canoes.htm Lenape Artifacts http://www.indiancaverns.com/History01.html Lenape Map http://www.anthro4n6.net/lenape/ Rogerenes & Mines LAKE ROGERINE AND THE ROGERENE SECT AT MOUNTAIN POND, NEW JERSEY. http://www.roxburynewjersey.com/rogerenes.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogerenes http://minerdescent.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/lake-rogerene-new-jersey.jpg Mine Maps. http://www.njgeology.org/enviroed/minemaps/Silver-Spring_mine.pdf Gove Mine Photograph and Lake Rogerine in Autumn. http://www.mindat.org/loc-12553.html Shippenport Forge. http://landingnewjersey.com/history.htm Silver Spring Mine, Gove Mine Information. Abandoned Mines of Mt.Olive, Roxbury, and Mount Arlington http://67.18.219.83/image_hosting/web_pages/genimages1/books/abandoned-iron-mines-nj-morris-mount-olive-roxbury-arlington.pdf

Sources Landing, Morris Canal, Trollies, Train Station, Steamboats http://www.landingnewjersey.com/hist-photos1.htm http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/pmors037/PMORS037-066.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/pmors037/PMORS037-065.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/szmor001/SZMOR001-054.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/szmor001/SZMOR001-055.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/szmor001/SZMOR001-056.jpg http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/images/szmor001/SZMOR001-058.jpg Resorts & Historic Sites http://www.spartalibrary.com/postcd4/pages/56htblkhp_png.htm http://montana8.info/lakehopatcong/ http://www.ebay.com/sch/sis.html?_nkw=c1913+New+Breslin+Hotel+Mt+Arlington+N+J+L+&_itemId=250637138796 http://hopatcong-sparta.patch.com/articles/looking-back-famous-names-famous-homes-on-lake-hopatcong-2 http://www.lakehopatcongnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=79&Itemid=458 http://www.lakehopatcongnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=529&Itemid=554 http://www.kenilworthchessclub.org/kenilworthian/2006_03_01_archive.html

Sources Yacht Club http://www.nj.com/news/local/index.ssf/2010/07/lake_hopatcong_yacht_club_cele.html http://www.lakehopatcongnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=555:lhyc-club-house-celebrates-100-years&catid=79:history&Itemid=458 http://www.lakehopatconghistory.com/images/Lhyc400.JPG. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lake_Hopatcong_Yacht_club_.JPG Bertrand Island http://www.jeffdonofrio.net/Donofrio%20Albanese/Cities%20and%20Towns/Bertrands%20Island,%20NJ/Bertrand%20Island%20Amusement%20Park,%20Lake%20Hopatcong,%20New%20Jersey.htm http://hopatcong-sparta.patch.com/articles/photos-a-peek-at-bertrand-island#photo-7162374 Lee’s Marina

Special Note

The most valuable website for our project was located at http://Lakehopatcongnews.com Historian Marty Kane, who has published many books about the Lake, contributed numerous articles posted on this site. Thank you Mr. Kane!

Special Thanks to the Mount Arlington Historical Society

Contributing Students from the Class of 2016 . . .

Geology & Hydrology Marcus Roldan Lenape Indians & Rogerenes Andrew Cangiano Charles Lisa Morris Canal Keyan Rogalsky Trollies & RR Marcus Roldan Keyan Rogalsky Resorts & Hotels Alison Harbinsky Carly Longtine Allison Zlotnick Ice House Industry Allison Harbinsky Allison Zlotnick Yacht Club Carly Longtine Logan Krzastek Marcus Roldan Bertrand Island Logan Krzastek Charles Lisa

Bertrand Island Videos

https://sites.google.com/site/mapshistoricalsocietyproject/videos

Lake Hopatcong Videos