mountains built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mountains• Built by geological processes
and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity
• Climate changes with elevation and latitude
• Flora and fauna change with elevation
![Page 2: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mountains• Transhumance = seasonal migration of
people & livestock in altitude (up and down mountain with seasons)
![Page 3: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mountains
Isolation and endemism – increased isolation of species in mt ranges leads to endemism (= unique species to that location and found nowhere else)
![Page 4: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Hydrologic Cycle
• Over 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water:– Oceans contain 97%– Polar ice caps and glaciers contain 2%– Freshwater in lakes, streams, and ground
water make up less than 1%
![Page 5: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Replacement period – time for one water molecule to complete the hydrologic cycle (9 days to 30,000+ years)
![Page 6: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Hydrologic Cycle
• Turnover time is the time required for the entire volume of a reservoir to be renewed.– Atmosphere 9 days– Rivers 12-20 days– Oceans 3,100 years
![Page 7: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ocean - Structure• Littoral Zone (intertidal zone): Shallow
shoreline – rise/fall of tides
• Neritic Zone: Coastal area to margin of continental shelf
![Page 8: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Intertidal Zonation
Lots of variation in abiotic conditions (temperature & moisture) in supratidal fringe zone, less so in lower intertidal; less stability with all this variation = more hostile to life
![Page 9: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ocean - Structure• Oceanic Zone: Beyond continental shelf
– Epipelagic 0 - 200 m– Mesopelagic 200 - 1,000 m– Bathypelagic 1,000 - 4,000 m– Abyssal 4,000 - 6,000 m– Hadal 6,000 + m
• Benthic: Habitat on bottom of ocean
• Pelagic: Habitat off the bottom of the ocean = in the water column
![Page 10: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ocean Zones
Know order of the oceanic zones; not specific depths
![Page 11: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Photosynthetic organisms limited to upper epipelagic zone (euphotic zone)– Phytoplankton– contribute ¼ of total
photosynthesis in biosphere
Ocean Biology
– Zooplankton
![Page 12: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ocean Biology
• Chemosynthesis occurs near undersea hot springs – deep water thermal and chemical vents
• Use chemicals (instead of light) for generating energy
![Page 13: Mountains Built by geological processes and thus concentrated in belts of geological activity Climate changes with elevation and latitude Flora and fauna](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7f3f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)