mountains, volcanoes · volcanoes explode. crater this is where the eruption takes place, it is a...

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Mountains, Volcanoesand Earthquakes

Geography

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1Volcanoes

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2Volcanoes

Tell me...

Three things that you think you

know about Volcanoes

Three things that you would like to

know about Volcanoes

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VolcanoesWhat I would like to know about VolcanoesWhat I think I know about Volcanoes

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3What is a Volcano?

A volcano is a mountain or hill, which has a crater or vent at

the top. Lava (magma), rock fragments, hot vapour and gas

travel through the vent which has erupted from the Earth’s

crust. Its name comes from the Roman God of Fire, Vulcan.

Crater/Vent Lava (magma) Hot vapourRockFragments

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4What makes a Volcano?

ash/gas

crater

layers of ashand lavalava flow

magma

side vent

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5Parts of a Volcano?

Vent

Volcanic materials

escape through the

vent, it is an opening

in the Earth’s surface.

Ash/Gas

This is created when

volcanoes explode.

Crater

This is where the eruption

takes place, it is a large hole

surrounding the vent.

Lava/Magma

Lava is also known as

magma, this is the hot liquid

rock which is hidden under

the Earth’s surface. Once it

comes out of the volcano, it

is called lava.

ash/gas

crater

layers of ashand lavalava flow

magma

side vent

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6Under the Earth’s Surface

Crust- This is the outer layer of the Earth. Itis made up of lots of different sized pieces,which overlap. These pieces are known astectonic plates and can be anythingbetween 5km- 10km thick.

The Mantle- This is the magma, it isapproximately 2900km thick.

The Outer Core- is a layer which is made upof liquid, mostly iron and nickel. It isapproximately 2300km thick.

The Inner Core- is a solid ball which is madeof metal. It is believed to be as hot as thesun’s surface!

Volcanoes are createdby openings in theEarth’s surface.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

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7An erupting volcano lets the lava, hot vapour,

and the rock fragments escape through the

crater, sometimes creating violent and

spectacular eruptions.

An erupting volcano is also known

as an active volcano.

A dormant volcano is an

active volcano, which is

not currently eruptingbut

may erupt in the future.

An extinct volcano has not

had an eruption for at

least 10,000 years. It is

unlikely that an extinct

volcano will erupt again.

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8What causes an eruption?

As the tectonic plates move within the Earth’s

crust, friction is created. This in turn, causes

earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

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9Where are volcanoes found?

Many of the world’s active volcanoes are located

around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

One specific area which hosts a large number of

volcanoes is known as The Ring of Fire.

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10

The largest active volcano

in the world is known as Mauna Loa,

which is situated in Hawaii.

It measures 2000 square miles.

It is even taller than Mount Everest!

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11Other Famous Volcanoes

Mount St Helen’s.This volcano can be found in

Washington, USA. It erupted in 1980.

It is considered to be an active

volcano and is watched carefully to

try and predict when it may erupt in

the future.

This volcano can be found in Naples,

Italy. It erupted in 79AD.

It has erupted over 50 times in the last

2000 years. It is over 1200m tall.

It is believed to be around

17,000 years old.

Mount Vesuvius.

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12Your Tasks

Finished? Challenges and Volcano Word search

Using the key word list, label the volcano

diagram

Label the volcano using your own labels and

vocabulary- how many labels can you add?

Label the volcano and add description to

each feature you find.

mountains, volcanoes · volcanoes explode. crater this is where the eruption takes place, it is a...

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