Movement Analysis

• Most (if not all) activities can be analyzed by breaking them down into three general phases:1) preparation ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric2) acceleration ↔ acceleration ↔ concentric3) follow-through ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric

• The more complex an activity is the more

phases it tends to have.ex. baseball pitch, walking

Types of Mechanical Loads on the Human Body

Composition and Structure of Bone Tissue

• Composition– minerals (calcium and phosphate)– protein (collagen)

• Structure - based on porosity– cortical bone (contributes to the stiffness of bone)

• dense• non-porous

– trabecular bone (contributes to flexibility)• Less dense• porous

Trabecular and Cortical Bone

Cortical and Trabecular Bone

Bone Growth

• Longitudinal growth (epiphyses)• Circumferential growth

– osteoblasts cells (building)– osteoclasts cells (absorbtion)

• Wolf’s Law – bone strength increases as the force on bone increases– active lifestyle (bone hypertrophy)– sedentary lifestyle (bone atrophy)

Load/Deformation (Stress/Strain) Relationship