TEACHING MANUAL

Name of the teacher : Vidya P.Pillai Standard : IX.BName of the school : N.S.S.B.H.S, Pandalam Strength : 43/43 Subject : Biology Age : 14 Unit : Movement of food through Date : 25/06/14 Oesophagus and digestion in Duration : 45 min Stomach

Content analysis

New terms: Oesophagus, stomach, peristalsis, gastric gland, gastric

juice, pepsin

Facts: 1. Food from the mouth moves in to the stomach through oesophagus.

2. Oesophagus and small intestine are tubular organs. 3. Food passes through the oesophagus by wave like

movement called peristalsis.

4. Stomach is a J – shaped sac.

5. The process of digestion inside the stomach takes 4-5 hrs

Curricular statement

Develops different dimensions of knowledge, process skills and attitudes on the movement of the food through oesophagus and digestion in stomach through lecture method, group discussion and evaluation by questioning.

6. The gland present in the stomach is the gastric gland.

7. Gastric gland secretes gastric juice.

Minor concept: 1. Movement of food through oesophagus

2. Chemical changes of food in stomach

Major concept: Peristalsis is a wave like movement of the walls of oesophagus by which food passes from the mouth in to the stomach where the mechanical and chemical digestion of food takes place with the help of secretions of gastric glands.

Learning objectives: The pupil,

1. recalls the structure of alimentary canal2. recognize the movement of food through

oesophagus3. explains the digestive process in stomach4. understands the mechanical and chemical

digestion of food in stomach5. applies the knowledge in understanding

how the process of digestion takes place6. develops scientific attitude towards the

function of components of gastric juice

Pre-requisites : Digestion of food begins in mouth which is the

first part of alimentary canal.

Teaching learning : 1. Chart showing the structure of human alimentary canal

resources 2. Picture on the movement of food through oesophagus

3. Table showing components of gastric juice 4. Text book of STD IX by SCERT, Kerala 5. Activity cards

CLASSROOM INTERACTION PROCEDUREEXPECTED

PUPIL RESPONSE

INTRODUCTIONTeacher make rapport with students by asking questions related contextual situation.

Teacher asking following questions for checking the previous knowledge.

Have you had your breakfast? What happens to the food that you had in the

morning?To create a mental disequilibrium or problematic situation teacher ask following question.

For what purpose, the digestion of food takes place in our body?

Which part of our body is responsible for the digestion of food?

For bridging teacher ask the following questions. In which part of the alimentary canal does the

digestion of food begins? What happens to the food after digestion in

mouth?

PRESENTATION

YesIt undergoes digestion

For the liberation of energy

Alimentary canal

Mouth

Pupil will not able to explain

ACTIVITY – I

Teacher shows a chart on different parts of human alimentary canal and asks students to find out the organ in to which the partially digested food enters after digestion in the mouth.

Oesophagus (CB)

ACTIVITY – II

Teacher asks questions to the general class.We know that oesophagus is a tubular organ. Then, how food passes through this tubular organ in to the stomach. Observe the picture and find out the answer.

Students give their answers

CONSOLIDATION

Food from the mouth first moves in to the stomach through oesophagus.

From the stomach food passes in to the small intestine.

Peristalsis (CB)

ACTIVITY – IIITeacher gives a card containing the story of the ‘stomach’ to one of the student from the class and asks him to read. Then teacher give some activity cards to each group and asks student to find out the answers to the questions in the card relating to the story of the stomach through group discussion.

Students observe the picture and try to find out the answer.

CONSOLIDATION

The special muscles on the wall of the oesophagus contract behind the bowel.

The waves of muscular contraction and relaxation push the bowel forward.

The process by which food passes through the oesophagus by the wave like movement of muscles is called peristalsis.STORY OF THE STOMACH

Hay, friends. My name is stomach. I am a part of the alimentary canal in your body. I am a J - shaped sac. Digestion of the food that you eat is my major function. The food you eat reaches me through the oesophagus in about 8 seconds. But the process of digestion in me takes about 4 - 5 hours. My constant movements help in the mixing and grinding of food and this is an example for mechanical digestion of food. Since I want 4 – 5 hours for the digestive process, you should keep regular intervals between the meals.

ACTIVITY CARD QUESTIONS

How the food from the mouth reaches the stomach?

How mechanical digestion of food takes place in stomach?

Why it is said that there should be regular intervals between the meals?

Which are the organs in alimentary canal responsible for the mechanical digestion of food?

Students listen the story and try to answer the questions in the card.

Mechanical digestion (CB)

ACTIVITY – IV

Teacher shows a table on the components of gastric juice and asks students to analyze the table.

Students analyze the table.

CONSOLIDATION

Food from the mouth reaches the stomach through oesophagus.

The constant movement of the walls of the stomach helps in the mechanical digestion of food.

The digestion in stomach takes 4 – 5 hours. So there should be kept regular intervals between the meals.

Mouth and stomach are the organs in alimentary canal responsible for mechanical digestion of food.

Gastric juice (CB)

CONSOLIDATION

The gland present in the stomach is the gastric gland which secretes gastric juice.

The components of gastric juice are mucus, pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

Gland Digestive juice

Components Functions

Gastricgland

Gastric juice

Mucus Protect the walls of the stomach from action of enzymes.

Pepsin Partially converts proteins in to simpler units called peptones.

Hydrochloric acid

Destroys microorganisms in food.

Maintain the pH suitable for digestive process.

CHALK BOARD SUMMARY

REVIEW

Explain how food moves through oesophagus? Explain the chemical digestion of food in mouth? Explain the components of gastric juice?

FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY

Draw a table showing the components of gastric juice and its function.

BIOLOGY Std : IX.B Digestion in stomach Str : 43/43

Mouth oesophagus stomach

Stomach - Gastric gland gastric juice Mucus Pepsin Hcl