moving forward to next generation from 802.11ac brian · pdf file802.11 wireless local area...
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Moving Forward to Next Generation from 802.11ac
Brian Su [email protected]
Sr. Project Manager
Jan, 2014
Page
IEEE 802.11
Overview 2
IEEE Standards Committee Overview “WAN, PAN, Thank you, MAN”
Standards Committees
• Formed in 1980 by the Computer Society
• Develops PHY & MAC specifications for LAN, MAN and PAN
802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)
802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Networks (WMAN)
802.21 Medium Independent Handovers
802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)
Technical Advisory Groups
802.18 Spectrum and Regulatory Issues
802.19 Co-existence
802.24 Smart Grid
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IEEE 802.11
Overview 3
WLAN Market Growth Drivers
• Smartphones, digital cameras, e-readers, media players, gaming consoles, Blu-ray players, HDTVs
Integration of WLAN into more consumer products
• BYOD: Enterprise shift toward use of tablets and smartphones
Increasing adoption and use of WLAN in the Enterprise
• Up to 65% of mobile data traffic can be offloaded to Wi-Fi
Use of WLAN to offload data from cellular networks
• Health/fitness, medical, smart meters, home automation, M2M
The Internet of Things - New applications keep coming
• Displays, TV, Upload/Downloads, Printing, Camera, Gaming
Multi-media Sharing and Streaming
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CCK Complementary Code Keying
FHSS / DSSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
PBCC Packet Binary Convolution Coding
IEEE 802.11
Overview 4
Modulation and Coding Techniques Used in the Various 802.11 Standards
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplex
Fre
quency
Time
FHSS DSSS
Time
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IEEE 802.11
Overview 5
IEEE 802.11ac Enhancements for Very High Throughput
IEEE 802.11ac-2013 is an amendment to IEEE 802.11, approved on January 7, 2014, that builds on 802.11n.
• Minimum “very high throughput” goal of 1 Gbps
Changes compared to 802.11n include:
• wider channels (80 or 160 MHz vs. 40 MHz) in the 5 GHz band
• more spatial streams (up to 8 vs. 4)
• higher order modulation (up to 256-QAM vs. 64-QAM)
• addition of Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO).
Wave 1: 80 MHz channels, 3 spatial streams, and 256-QAM
• data rate of up to 433.3 Mbit/s per spatial stream, 1300 Mbit/s total
There are already announced plans for release of "Wave 2" devices with support for 160 MHz channels, four spatial streams, and MU-MIMO
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IEEE 802.11
Overview 6
Connected Everywhere to Everything All the Time
URBAN
MANAGEMENT
Future
Today
HEALTH
CARE
HOME
TRANSPORTATION
RETAIL
MANUFACTURING
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WiFi’s opportunities
Internet of
things
Tablet PCs
Smartphones
Personal
computers
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What is IoT?
– Internet
8
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What is IoT?
9
of Things – Internet
• A set of
technologies,
system and design
principles
associated with
the emerging
wave of Internet-
connected things
that are based on
the physical
environment
Internet of Things will lead to data explosion
from
intelligent
devices…
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What is IoT?
11
Simple IoT Architecture
• High-speed, real-time
data capture
• Supports high throughput
event rates
• Event processing query
language based on
standard SQL syntax
• Pre-integration with best-
in-class Java Embedded
platforms
Data Encryption, Device and Application Identity and Access Management
Network
Cloud
Devices Gateway Data Center
Value-Add
Services
Industry
Specific core
solutions and
external/custo
mer systems
Applications
CRM,
Service,
Billing
Industry Solutions,
External Systems
• Big data management
• Event processing
• Analytics
• Integration
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IoT Material Science
Embedded Processing
Clouding Computing
Autonomous System / Machine
Smart Energy / Energy Storage
IoT Enabling Technologies
• MEMS, Sensor,
Actuator, Tag,
SoC, Wearable
Devices
• High-speed
digital processing
power, memory,
networking, I/O
• Interconnection of different
jobs, works and
businesses, ability of
elasticity in deployment
• Robot, industrial
machine, Self-Driving
Car
• Smart Grid,
Advanced
battery power
Wireless
Connectivity ???
5G and IoT
12
12
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What is IoT?
13
Wireless Point of View
- Internet of Things
• The system where Things in the world, and sensors attached to the Things,
are connected to the Internet via WIRELESS and wired connections, which
includes M2M to connect sensors and other devices to ICT system via
wired and wireless networks
Page 14
Internet of Things Gartner Group predict 26 billion units installed in 2020
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IoT Enabling Technologies
– WLAN
– Bluetooth Low Energy
– Zigbee (IP / RF4CE)
– Z-Wave
– NFC
– RFID
– Cellular- 3G and 4G
– And More…
15
Wireless Technologies… So Far…
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Wi-Fi Evolution Path 2002-2006 2007-2011 2012 2013 2014 and beyond
2.4 GHz 802.11n
5 GHz 802.11a/j/p 802.11n 802.11ac
60 GHz 802.11ad
802.11aj
802.11af
802.11ah
<1 GHz
802.11b/g
802.11n Widely adopted and large
installed base
802.11ac/ax Higher capacity, higher data
rate for mobile, computing and
CE devices
802.11ad/WiGig Wireless docking, in-room
wireless display, audio and more
802.11ah Multi-year battery life,
Home/building automation,
sensors and more
802.11af TV white space
802.11aj China (59-64 & 45 GHz)
16
1999…
802.11ax
Page 17
IEEE 802.11ah – Early 2016 Enabling IoT IoT (Internet of Things) applications
• IEEE 802.11ah PHY and MAC has special features specifically for IoT type of applications.
• envisioned to provide IP connectivity to all types of devices that are currently not connected to the internet and yet-to-be-invented devices
Target use cases:
• large scale sensor networks and meters
• extended range hotspot
• outdoor Wi-Fi for cellular traffic offloading
[Some of these use cases drive the need for large numbers of devices per Access Point. ]
Enhancements to address internet of Things (IoT)
PHY/MAC – trade-off of power, range, rate
• Sub-1 GHz license-exempt bands - limited bandwidth/lower data rates.
• Low Power
• Range up to 1 km. - favorable propagation characteristics to 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
• OFDM
• Data rates > 100kbps
11a/g/n/ac AP
11ah AP
Indoor
Page
IoT Enabling Technologies
16 MHz
8 MHz
4 MHz
2 MHz
1 MHz
20 MHz
Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth
11ah Bandwidth Modes
150Kbps* – 4Mbps
650Kbps – 7.8Mbps
1.35Mbps – 18Mbps
2.9Mbps – 39Mbps
5.8Mbps – 78Mbps
Mandatory & Globally Interoperable modes optimized for sensor networking
Optional higher data rate modes for extended range WLAN
6.5Mbps – 78Mbps
High data rates
Extended range
802.11ah Bandwidth and Data Rates
18
Page
802.11ah Channelization in Worldwide
Max. BW
16 MHz
4 MHz
2 MHz
8 MHz
1 MHz
4 MHz
Page 19
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802.11ah Use Case1: Indoor Low Power Sensors • Extended range
‒ Reach garage, backyard, basement, attic
‒ 1 MHz and 2 MHz mandatory modes
• Battery operated sensors
‒ No power amplifiers
• Ultra-low power consumption
• Optimized for small packet size
• Multi-year battery life
• Long sleep time
• Burst traffic
• IP connectivity
Page 20
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802.11ah Use Case2: Backhaul Sensors and Meter Data
• Backhaul aggregation of Smart Grid Meter data
• Backhaul aggregation of Industrial Sensor data
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802.11ah Use Case3: Extended Range Wi-Fi
• Extended range Wi-Fi hotspots
• Extended range for cellular traffic offloading
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The PHY difference between 802.11ac and 802.11ah
Feature 802.11ac 802.11ah
Channel bandwidth 20/40/80/160MHz 1/2/4/8/16MHz
FFT size 64/128/256/512 32/64/128/256/512
Data subcarriers / 52/108/234/468 24/52/108/234/468
Pilot Sub-carriers 4/6/8/16 2/4/6/8/16
Pilot Type Fixed pilot Fixed pilot or Traveling pilot*
Subcarrier spacing 312.5KHz 31.25KHz
OFDM symbol duration 4.0/3.6us 40/36us
Guard interval 0.4/0.8/1.6us 4/8/16us
Preamble duration 16us 320us(1M BW)/160us
Modulation types BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
Coding rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2 rep2, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
MCS 0-9 MCS0-9, 10
Transmission Mode VHT mode, non-HT duplicate Mode Normal Mode S1G, 1 MHz Duplicate Mode,
2 MHz Duplicate Mode
Duplicated PPDU Non-HT PPDU S1G_DUP_1M, S1G_DUP_2M
MIMO Up to 8 Up to 4
Multi-user Up to 4 Up to 4, only available in S1G_LONG PPDU
Beamforming Support Support
Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group
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802.11ah RF Test Requirement – Modulation Accuracy 802.11ah EVM Requirement 802.11ac EVM Requirement
Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group Source: IEEE P802.11ac TM/D5.0
Transmit center frequency and symbol clock frequency tolerance
The symbol clock frequency and transmit center frequency tolerance shall be ±20 ppm maximum.
The transmit center frequency and the symbol clock frequency for all transmit antennas and
frequency segments shall be derived from the same reference oscillator.
Spectral Flatness
Page 24
Wi-Fi Evolution
802.11ah
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IEEE 802.11
Overview 25
IoT Enabling Technologies IEEE 802.11af a.k.a. “White-Fi” or “Super-Fi”
Enables WLAN operation in TV white space spectrum (unused TV channels) in the VHF and UHF bands between 54 and 790 MHz. Range in UHF and VHF bands is potentially farther than 2.4 and 5 GHz bands due to lower propagation path loss.
Requires cognitive radio technology and geolocation database (GDB) to establish available channels in a given location at a given time.
Basic channel units (BCU) of 6, 7 or 8 MHz. Depending on the regulatory domain, up to four channels may be aggregated in one or two contiguous blocks:
• TVHT_2W: 2 contiguous BCUs (12, 14, or 16 MHz)
• TVHT_W+W: 2 non-contiguous BCUs (6+6, 7+7, or 8+8 MHz)
• TVHT_4W: 4 contiguous BCUs (24, 28, or 32 MHz)
• TVHT_2W+2W: 2 non-contiguous segments composed of 2 BCUs (12+12 MHz, 14+14 MHz, or 16+16 MHz)
Physical layer uses OFDM and is based on 802.11ac 40 MHz (VHT) parameters with sampling clock change to fit within each of the BCU bandwidths.
MIMO operation is possible with up to four streams used for either space–time block code (STBC) or multi-user (MU) operation.
• The achievable data rate per spatial stream is 26.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 35.6 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels.
• With four spatial streams and four bonded channels, the maximum data rate is 426.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 568.9 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels.[28]
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What is White Space?
November 2013
S800 WLAN 2013
26
– There are gaps and unused channels in the broadcast spectrum
– “White Space” uses these gaps to provide unlicensed services:
• Cognitive radio techniques will be used to avoid interference with digital TV and
wireless microphones, these include: Beacons/Enablement and Geo-location
– US FCC has provided “final rules” for TV White Spaces
• Other countries are closely watching and are working on similar plans
The ‘official spectrum’ allocation and real usage are dramatically different
Page 27
• The UHF TV bands have better propagation characteristics
compared to the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands
• 47 TV channels (6, 7 & 8 MHz wide)
all are available for unlicensed operation when unused by incumbents
• 28 of these are available for portable device use
- 33 UHF channels 470 to 692 MHz
- 7 VHF-III channels 172 to 217 MHz
- 3 VHF-I channels 54 to 60 MHz, and 76 to 88 MHz
• 6 MHz channels (Wi-Fi usage will be in 5, 10, 20, and 40 MHz increments)
• 4W max for fixed use (and no adjacent channels)
• 100 mW for portable devices (40 mW if adjacent channel)
– Use of spectrum must protect incumbents
• Incumbents are digital TV broadcast and microphones
• Protection is currently by database lookup for incumbent locations
or by detecting beacons of device that have geo-location
TV White Spaces Spectrum Details for the US (FCC)
Page 28
Fixed-toPortable Geo-location +/- 50m, check every 60 seconds
Secure access to TVB Database with device Id
100mW power, 40mW when adjacent to incumbent
TV channels useable: 21-36, 38-51 (470-692 Mhz)
Secure access to TVB Database with device Id
Fixed-to-Fixed Geo-location or professional installer
Secure access to TVB Database with device Id
4W max power (EIRP)
Portable-to-Portable
Mode II device MUST access database
Initiates network on open channel
Beacons indicate channel availability to Mode I
Mode I
GPS
Mode II
Fixed Fixed
GPS
Mode II
Fixed
Mode I
Geolocation Scenarios for TV Band White Space Devices (FCC Definitions)
• FCC granted nation-wide WS operation January 29, 2013
• White Space (WS) Database Certification
o Spectrum Bridge - certification complete
o iConnectiv - certification complete
o Google - certification complete
o Key Bridge - in-process (45d trial ended April 24, 2013)
o LS Telcom - in-process (45d trial will end August 8, 2013)
o Comsearch - in-process (45d trial not set yet)
• FCC actively certifying WS devices
Page 29
– TVWS channels are divided into an even number of tones.
• This enables transmission and reception of multiple contiguous channels using one
IFFT/FFT as in 802.11ac.
• 144 tones were chosen to meet the desired signal BW.
– The PHY for multiple channels is based on the PHY for one channel.
• This concept is similar to the 802.11ac design of 160MHz and 80+80MHz whereby
the tone location of DATA and pilots are the same as in 80MHz.
• All basic channel units (termed frequency segments in clause 23) are connected via
a single encoder and interleaver in order to maximized frequency diversity gain
(11af channels are much narrower than 11ac and 11af can be used in lower delay
spread environments such as indoors where diversity in one channel is lower)
Cont. – Multiple Channels
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IEEE 802.11
Overview 30
802.11af Channel Definitions
Channel
Configuration Description
Data Rate
One
Spatial
Stream
4 Spatial
Streams
BCU (6) 6 MHz Channel 26.7 Mbps
BCU (7) 7 MHz Channel 26.7 Mbps
BCU (8) 8 MHz Channel 35.6 Mbps
TVHT_2W 2 contiguous BCUs (12, 14, or 16 MHz)
TVHT_W+W 2 non-contiguous BCUs (6+6, 7+7, or 8+8
MHz)
TVHT_2W+2W 2 non-contiguous segments composed of 2
BCUs (12+12 MHz) 426.7 Mbps
14+14 MHz 426.7 Mbps
16+16 MHz 568.9 Mbps
e.g.
X (26.7 Mbps/Channel)
x (4 BCUs)
x (4 antennas)
= 426.7 MHz
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IoT Enabling Technologies
5G and IoT
802.11p
• Frequency: 5.9 GHz (5.85-5.925 GHz)
• 1 control and 6 service channels with 10MHz bandwidth
• 802.11p vs. 802.11a
Physical parameters comparison between 802.11a and 802.11p standards
Parameters 802.11a 802.11p
Bit Rate (Mbps) 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 27
Modulation Type BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Code Rate 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 1/2, 2/3, 3/4
# of Subcarriers 52 52
Symbol duration 4 µs 8 µs
Guard Time 0.8 µs 1.6 µs
FFT period 3.2 µs 6.4 µs
Preamble duration 16 µs 32 µs
Subcarrier Spacing 0.3125 MHz 0.15625 MHz
31
: Targets the reliable connection rather than higher data rates
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32
802.11af RF Test Requirement – Modulation Accuracy Transmitter constellation error – same test limitation as 11ac /
11a
For all modes defined in TVHT PHY, the requirements for transmit
constellation RMS error is same as defined in 22.3.18.4.3(11ac).
Transmit center frequency and symbol clock frequency
tolerance: +/-25ppm
Spectral Flatness
Keysight
Confidential
Source: IEEE Std 802.11afTM-2013
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802.11p Overview
802.11p is an approved amendment to the 802.11 to add
wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE,
aka ITS, DSRC, V2X)
Application: communications between vehicles and
infrastructure (V2I) or vehicle to vehicle (V2V) etc.
V2X
Vehicle safety services
Commerce transactions via cars
Toll collection
Traffic management
33
Keysight
Confidential
Page
IEEE 802.11
Overview 34
802.11p WAVE1/DSRC2 Vehicular Environment
1 Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment 2 Dedication Short Range Communication 3 High Availability and Low Latency
3
Channel Allocation
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802.11p RF Test Requirement - SEM
Page
35
802.11a SEM Requirement for 10M signal BW
802.11p SEM Requirement for 10M signal BW
Source: IEEE Std 802.11 TM- 2012
Keysight
Confidential
Page
N7617B Signal Studio for WLAN
Key features
• Simplify WLAN signal creation for 802.11a/b/g/j/p, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ah
• Use basic options to provide partially-coded signals for testing components
• Use advanced options to provide signals with full channel coding, flexible configuration
of MAC headers, spatial stream mapping, and application of channel models for testing
receivers packet-error-rate (PER) analysis
• Support beamforming and MIMO testing with up to 8 streams/antennas
Hardware support
• RF vector signal generator: MXG-A/B, EXG, ESG and PSG
• Wireless test set: E6640A EXM
802.11a/b/g/j/p/n/ac and 802.11ah
Page 36
Wi-Fi Evolution
802.11ah
Page
• One-button, standard-based measurements with pass/fail
tests
• Swept spectrum measurements including:
Spectrum emission mask with save/recall mask feature
Spurious emissions
Occupied bandwidth
Channel power
• I/Q demodulation measurements including:
Modulation accuracy with Burst Info view & results
Power vs time with Burst and Rise & Fall views
Spectral flatness
Power Stat CCDF
I/Q impairments trace
• Auto-Ranging (Optimize EVM automatically)
• Additional Speed improvement with Multi-burst
acquisition
N9077A 11ah WLAN Measurement Application
37
Wi-Fi Evolution
802.11ah
Page 37
For X-series Signal Analyzers (PXA/MXA/EXA)
Page
Keysight in IoT
38
Signal
Generators
RF Module Development
RF Proto RF Chip/module
Design
Simulation
BTS and Mobile
BB Chipset Development
L1/PHY
FPGA and ASIC
Conformance
RF and BB
Design
Integration
L1/PHY
System
Design
Validation
System Level
RF Testing
BTS
or
Mobile Protocol Development
L2/L3
DigRF v4
Pre-Conformance
Network Deployment
Manufacturing
89600 VSA/WLA For Signal Analyzers, Scopes, LA
SystemVue and ADS
3D EM Simulation
SystemVue (BB)
ADS/GG (RF/A)
Scopes and
Logic Analyzers
Baseband
Generator and
Channel Emulator
Signal Studio
Software
RF Handheld Analyzers Manufacturing
Test
N7109A Multi-Channel
Signal Analyzer Battery Drain
Characterization
Signalling RF, Protocol and
Function Test
Signal Analyzers
Power Measurement
PXI Modular
Solutions
N4010A Wireless Connectivity
Test Set
Cellular / Bluetooth
Conformance Test System NFC R&D Test System
5G and IoT
Page
IEEE 802.11
Overview 39