mph artemisia

8/6/2019 MPH Artemisia

1/20

2. Cultivation of Taxus baccata,Ginseng, Artemisia annua


2/20

Cultivation ofArtemisia annua


3/20

IntroductionSynonyms:

Sweet worm woodSource: It consist of dried leaves & flowers of

herb Artemisia annua.

Family: CompositaeGeographical Source:

Indigenous to china It also occur in afganistan, USA, UK &France

In India : Punjab, Kasmir valley, hills of

himachal Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh.


4/20

Varieties: Lucknow has developed high yielding

varieties of this plant,Asha,Jeevanraksha & suraksha.

Chemical constituents: Active constituent is artimisinin Other constituents include sweet smelling

essential oil, artemisilene, pinene,Cineole,l-camphor &scopolin.Uses: Cerebral malaria. (Administered

parentrally) The essential oil Artemisia oil is used inperfumery, cosmetics & dermatology.

It is also used in treatment of skin moulds.


5/20

Cultivation Parameters

Climate : Subtropical Altitude: 3500 to 4000 m Temperature: 25-30C (Avg.) PH of Soil: Acidic (4.6-6.5) Type of soil: The crop is adapted to wide

variety of soils from sandy loam to loamysoil.

It should be reach in organic matter, withno possibility of subsoil water logging.


6/20

Photoperiod

It is short day plant & is very sensitive toshort photoperiodic stimulus & floweredabout the two week after induction.

Studies demonstrate that optimumphotoperiod for A.annua is about 13.5hours.

As the daylenth varies between countries& region, so artemisinin content will be

varied at different region.


7/20

CULTIVATION DETAILS:Propagation : Propagated by seeds.

Seeds are very small ,so first seedling are

raised in nursery beds & than transplantedto main field


8/20

Time of cultivation:

Late rainy season crop (winter crop) &summer crop.

Nursery beds are raised during,

September (winter crop)

December (summer crop)


9/20

Raising nurserybeds: The seedling are raised in nursery beds,

with mixture of soil & farm yardmanure(10 kg/bed).

After preparing the beds, seeds aremixed with sand & they are uniformly

spread over nursery beds, covered withthin layer of soil. The beds are watered regularly to keep

them moist.

Seeds are germinated with in 8-10 days& ready for transplantation after 1.5 to2 month.

For hectare of land : 300-500 gm of

seeds are required.


10/20

Land preparation:

Land is prepared by ploughing several

times & leveled. Farm yard manure & carbaryl powder (asinsecticide) are added to soil, ploughed &irrigated lightly.

Transplantation: Transplanting of seedling: noon hours.

Planted at spacing of 50-60 cm in row &40-50 cm between the plants.

Two seedling are planted at a time.

Land is irrigated gently aftertransplanting.


11/20

Irrigation:

Crop is irrigated regularly to keep the soilmoist till the crop is established well.

irrigation is than after cut down to 4-5

irrigations for the rest of the duration.


12/20

Fertilizer: It is highly sensitive to deficiency of boron,

iron, zinc, copper & manganese, which

significantly decrease the Artemisinincontent.

Hence to prevent this, borax at rate of 8-9kg/ha is applied.

For healthy growth of crop, FYM Nitrogen : 60-70 kg/ha Phosphorus : 40-60 kg/ha

Potash : 60 kg/ha Full dose Potash & Phosphorus along with2/3 of nitrogen is given as a basal doseduring last plouhing of field & remaining 1/3of N is applied into two splits at an intervalof 30 days.


13/20

Interculture:

The crop is kept weed free.

For good yield, 3-4 weeding are carriedout during cultivation.

Chemical weed control with, Metachlor & chloramben(2.2 kg/ha) as

pre-emergent

Trifluralin(6.5 kg/ha) as Post-emergent.


14/20

Harvesting/Collection: Crop duration : 5-6 month.

The exact timing for harvesting is onlyafter the flower initiation but shouldnever be harvested before flowering.

The plant is harvested manually bycutting with sickle 20-30 cm above

ground level. Collected drug is dried in shades,

flowers & leaves are separated & stored. The yellow flower are reported to

contain higher concentration ofartemisinin(4 to 11 fold) than leaves. The essential oil content is highest

during the inflorescence stage & declinesafter flowering


15/20

Yield:

The fresh herbage yield: 10-15 tones/ha

The dry leaf matter & flower: 30quintals/ha

Storage:

Stored in well filled & well closedcontainer in cool place & away from light &moisture.


16/20

Recent development in cultivationof Artemisia annua


17/20

Effect of triacontanol &chlormequat.

Triacontanolat 1.0-1.5 mg/L produced asignificant effect on artemisinin level aswell as on plant height & herbage yield.

Chlormequat at 1000 & 1500 mg/Lincrease artemisinin level & in herbageyield.(30% over the untreated Plant)

Triacontanol increase gibberellin(GA) likeTriacontanol increase gibberellin(GA) like

activity but ABA level decrease,Whileactivity but ABA level decrease,Whilechlormequat increase ABA but reducedchlormequat increase ABA but reducedGAGA--like activity.like activity.


18/20

Tissueculture work

1. Callus induction and regeneration ofplantlels from A.annua.

Artimisinin was not detected in callus butin differentiated buds & plantlets.

Plants generated from callus containedmore artemisinin(0.92%) dry wt whereasnatural plants contained only 0.56% ofartemisinin.

2. Shoot culture from internodes of stemof A.annua on MSmediumsupplementedwith 3 or 5 mg/litre BAP


19/20

References1. Cultivation of medicinal plants,Dr.C.K.

Kokate,Dr.A.S.Gokhale,Prof.S.B. Gokhale.

2. Recent progress in Medicinal plant,D.C.Majumdar,J.N. Govil,V.K. Singh,Rajeev KRSharma, Vol.9,165-201.


20/20

THANK YOU

mph artemisia

Documents