mpm physics, syllabus, specimen papers & specimen experiments.pdf

8/12/2019 MPM Physics, Syllabus, Specimen papers & Specimen Experiments.pdf

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STPM/S(E)960

PEPERIKSAANSIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

( MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION )

PHYSICSSyllabus, Specimen Papers and Specimen Experiment

This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL )



FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN

“Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah satu usaha berterusanke arah memperkembangkan lagi potensi individu secaramenyeluruh dan bersepadu untuk mewujudkan insan yangseimbang dan harmonis dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi,dan jasmani. Usaha ini adalah bagi melahirkan rakyatMalaysia yang berilmu pengetahuan, berakhlak mulia,

bertanggungjawab, berketerampilan, dan berkeupayaanmencapai kesejahteraan diri serta memberi sumbanganterhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran keluarga,masyarakat dan negara.”



FOREWORD

This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use sincethe 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examinationwill also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by

the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the newsystem, sixth-form study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an examination atthe end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system. The mainobjective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and learningorientation in sixth form so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in collegesand universities.

The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabusdesign in Malaysia. The syllabus will give students exposure to pre-university level about Physics thatincludes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics,and modern physics. The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examinationformat, grade description, and sample questions.

The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohd.Zambri bin Zainuddin from University of Malaya. Other committee members consist of universitylecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of EducationMalaysia, and experienced teachers teaching Physics. On behalf of the MEC, I would like to thank thecommittee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus will be aguide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.

OMAR BIN ABU BAKARChief ExecutiveMalaysian Examinations Council



CONTENTS

Syllabus 960 Physics

Page

Aims 1

Objectives 1

Content

First Term: Mechanics and Thermodynamics 2 – 9

Second Term: Electricity and Magnetism 10 – 15

Third Term: Oscillations and Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics 16 – 22

Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical (Paper 4)) 23 – 24

Written Practical Test (Paper 5) 24

Scheme of Assessment 25 – 26

Performance Descriptions 27

Summary of Key Quantities and Units 28 – 30

Values of constants 31

Reference Books 32

Specimen Paper 1 33 – 48



Specimen Experiment Paper 4 83 – 85




1

SYLLABUS960 PHYSICS

Aims

This syllabus aims to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them toeither further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a relatedcareer and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.

Objectives

The objectives of this s yllabus are to enable candidates to:

(a ) use models, concepts, principles, theories, and laws of physics;

(b) interpret and use scientific information presented in various forms;

(c) solve problems in various situations;

(d ) analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically;

(e) use techniques of operation and safety aspects of scientific equipment;

( f ) plan and carry out experiments scientifically and make conclusions;

( g ) develop proper attitudes, ethics, and values in the study and practice of physics.



2

FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

Topic Teaching Period Learning Outcome

1 Physical Quantities andUnits

1.1 Base quantities andSI units

6

1

Candidates should be able to:

(a ) list base quantities and their SI units:mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A),temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol);

(b) deduce units for derived quantities;

1.2 Dimensions of physical quantities

1 (c) use dimensional analysis to determine thedimensions of derived quantities;

(d ) check the homogeneity of equations usingdimensional analysis;

(e) construct empirical equations usingdimensional analysis;

1.3 Scalars and vectors 2 ( f ) determine the sum, the scalar product andvector product of coplanar vectors;

( g ) resolve a vector to two perpendicularcomponents;

1.4 Uncertainties inmeasurements

2 (h) calculate the uncertainty in a derived quantity(a rigorous statistical treatment is notrequired);

(i) write a derived quantity to an appropriatenumber of significant figures.

2 Kinematics

2.1 Linear motion

6

2


(a ) derive and use equations of motion withconstant acceleration;

(b) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time for

the motion of a body with constantacceleration;

2.2 Projectiles 4 (c) solve problems on projectile motion withoutair resistance;

(d ) explain the effects of air resistance on themotion of bodies in air.



3


3 Dynamics

3.1 Newton’s laws ofmotion

12

4


(a ) state Newton’s laws of motion;

(b) use the formulat m

vt

vm F

dd

d

d += for constant

m or constant v only;

3.2 Linear momentum andits conservation

3 (c) state the principle of conservation ofmomentum, and verify the principle using

Newton’s laws of motion;

(d ) apply the principle of conservation ofmomentum;

(e) define impulse as d ; F t ∫ ( f ) solve problems involving impulse;

3.3 Elastic and inelasticcollisions

2 ( g ) distinguish between elastic collisions andinelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficientof restitution is not required);

(h) solve problems involving collisions between particles in one dimension;

3.4 Centre of mass 1 ( i) define centre of mass for a system of particlesin a plane;

( j) predict the path of the centre of mass of a two- particle system;

3.5 Frictional forces 2 ( k ) explain the variation of frictional force withsliding force;

(l ) define and use coefficient of static functionand coefficient of kinetic friction.

4 Work, Energy and Power

4.1 Work

5

2


(a) define the work done by a force sF dd •=W ;(b) calculate the work done using a force-

displacement graph;

(c) calculate the work done in certain situations,including the work done in a spring;

4.2 Potential energy andkinetic energy

2 (d ) derive and use the formula: potential energychange = mgh near the surface of the Earth;

(e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy2

2

1mv= ;



4


( f ) state and use the work-energy theorem;

( g ) apply the principle of conservation of energyin situations involving kinetic energy and

potential energy;

4.3 Power 1 ( h) derive and use the formula P Fv= ;

(i) use the concept of efficiency to solve problems.

5 Circular Motion

5.1 Angular displacementand angular velocity

8

1


(a ) express angular displacement in radians ;

(b) define angular velocity and period; (c) derive and use the formula ω r v = ;

5.2 Centripetalacceleration

2 (d ) explain that uniform circular motion has anacceleration due to the change in direction ofvelocity;

(e) derive and use the formulae for centripetal

acceleration a =2v

r and a = 2r ω ;

5.3 Centripetal force 5 ( f ) explain that uniform circular motion is due tothe action of a resultant force that is alwaysdirected to the centre of the circle;

( g ) use the formulae for centripetal force2mv

F r

= and 2 F mr ω = ;

(h) solve problems involving uniform horizontalcircular motion for a point mass;

(i) solve problems involving vertical circularmotions for a point mass (knowledge oftangential acceleration is not required).

6 Gravitation

6.1 Newton’s law ofuniversal gravitation

10

1


(a ) state Newton’s law of universal gravitation and

use the formula F GMm

r =

2 ;

6.2 Gravitational field 2 (b) explain the meaning of gravitational field;

(c) define gravitational field strength as force ofgravity per unit mass;



5


(d ) use the equation g GM r

=2 for a gravitational

field;

6.3 Gravitational potential 3 (e) define the potential at a point in a gravitationalfield;

( f ) derive and use the formula V GM

r = − ;

( g ) use the formula for potential energy

U GMm

r = − ;

(h) show that mghr mg U =Δ=Δ is a special case

of U GMm

r = − for situations near to the

surface of the Earth;

(i) use the relationship g V r

= − dd

;

( j) explain, with graphical illustrations, thevariations of gravitational field strength andgravitational potential with distance from thesurface of the Earth;

6.4 Satellite motion in acircular orbit

3 (k ) solve problems involving satellites moving ina circular orbit in a gravitational field;

(l ) explain the concept of weightlessness;

6.5 Escape velocity 1 ( m) derive and use the equation for escape

velocity e2GM

v R

= and e 2 .v gR=

7 Statics

7.1 Centre of gravity

6

1


(a ) define centre of gravity;(b) state the condition in which the centre of mass

is the centre of gravity;

7.2 Equilibrium of particles

1 (c) state the condition for the equilibrium of a particle;

(d ) solve problems involving forces in equilibriumat a point;

7.3 Equilibrium of rigid bodies

4 (e) define torque as ;= ×r F

( f ) state the conditions for the equilibrium of arigid body;



6


( g ) sketch and label the forces which act on a particle and a rigid body;

(h) use the triangle of forces to represent forces inequilibrium;

(i) solve problems involving forces inequilibrium.

8 Deformation of Solids

8.1 Stress and strain

5

1


(a ) define stress and strain for a stretched wire orelastic string;

8.2 Force-extension graphand stress-strain graph

2 (b) sketch force-extension graph and stress-straingraph for a ductile material;

(c) identify and explain proportional limit, elasticlimit, yield point and tensile strength;

(d ) define the Young’s modulus;

(e) solve problems involving Young’s modulus;

( f ) distinguish between elastic deformation and plastic deformation;

( g ) distinguish the shapes of force-extensiongraphs for ductile, brittle and polymeric

materials;

8.3 Strain energy 2 ( h) derive and use the formula for strain energy;

(i) calculate strain energy from force-extensiongraphs or stress-strain graphs.

9 Kinetic Theory of Gases

9.1 Ideal gas equation

14

2


(a ) use the ideal gas equation ; pV nRT =

9.2 Pressure of a gas 2 ( b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of

an ideal gas;(c) derive and use the equation for the pressure

exerted by an ideal gas 21

3;c ρ =

9.3 Molecular kineticenergy

2 (d ) state and use the relationship between theBoltzmann constant and molar gas constant

A N R

k = ;



8


10.3 First law ofthermodynamics

5 (d ) state and apply the first law ofthermodynamics ;Q U W = Δ +

(e) deduce the relationship T nC U Δ=Δ mV, from

the first law of thermodynamics;

( f ) derive and use the equation p,m V,m ;C C R− =

( g ) relate m p,mV, and C C to the degrees of

freedom;

(h) use the relationshipmV,

m p,

C

C =γ to identify the

types of molecules;

10.4 Isothermal andadiabatic changes

6 ( i) describe the isothermal process of a gas;

( j) use the equation = pV constant for isothermalchanges;

(k ) describe the adiabatic process of a gas;

(l ) use the equations =γ pV constant and

=−1γTV constant for adiabatic changes;

(m) illustrate thermodynamic processes with p-V

graphs;(n) derive and use the expression for work done in

the thermodynamic processes.

11 Heat Transfer

11.1 Conduction

10

5


(a ) explain the mechanism of heat conductionthrough solids, and hence, distinguish betweenconduction through metals and non-metals;

(b) define thermal conductivity;

(c) use the equation xkAt Q

dd

dd θ

−= for heat

conduction in one dimension;

(d ) describe and calculate heat conduction througha cross-sectional area of layers of differentmaterials;

(e) compare heat conduction through insulatedand non-insulated rods;

11.2 Convection 1 ( f ) describe heat transfer by convection;

( g ) distinguish between natural and forcedconvection;



10

SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM


12 Electrostatics

12.1 Coulomb’s law

12

2


(a ) state Coulomb’s law, and use the formula

204 r

Qq F

ε π = ;

12.2 Electric field 3 ( b) explain the meaning of electric field, andsketch the field pattern for an isolated pointcharge, an electric dipole and a uniformlycharged surface;

(c) define the electric field strength, and use the

formulaq

F E = ;

(d ) describe the motion of a point charge in auniform electric field;

12.3 Gauss’s law 4 ( e) state Gauss’s law, and apply it to derive theelectric field strength for an isolated pointcharge, an isolated charged conducting sphereand a uniformly charged plate;

12.4 Electric potential 3 ( f ) define electric potential;

( g ) use the formular

QV

04πε = ;

(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces;

(i) use the relationshipr

V E

d

d−= ;

( j) use the formula U = qV .

13 Capacitors

13.1 Capacitance

12

1


(a ) define capacitance;

13.2 Parallel platecapacitors

2 (b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel plate capacitor;

(c) use the formula C QV

= to derived A

C 0ε = for

the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;



11


13.3 Dielectrics 2 (d ) define relative permittivity r ε (dielectricconstant);

(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor;

( f ) use the formulad

AC r 0ε ε = ;

13.4 Capacitors in seriesand in parallel

2 ( g ) derive and use the formulae for effectivecapacitance of capacitors in series and in

parallel;

13.5 Energy stored in a

charged capacitor

1 (h) use the formulae

22

2

1

2

1

2

1 and, CV U C

QU QV U ===

(derivations are not required);

13.6 Charging anddischarging of acapacitor

4 ( i) describe the charging and discharging processof a capacitor through a resistor;

( j) define the time constant, and use the formula; RC τ =

(k ) derive and use the formulae

0 1

t

Q Q e τ

− = −

, 0 1

t

V V e τ −

= − and

0

t

I I e τ −

= for charging a capacitor through aresistor;

(l ) derive and use the formulae 0

t

Q Q e τ −

= ,

0

t

V V e τ −

= and 0

t

I I e τ −

= for discharging acapacitor through a resistor;

(m) solve problems involving charging anddischarging of a capacitor through a resistor.

14 Electric Current

14.1 Conduction ofelectricity

10

2


(a ) define electric current, and use the equation

t Q I

dd= ;

(b) explain the mechanism of conduction ofelectricity in metals;



13


16 Magnetic Fields

16.1 Concept of a magneticfield

18

1


(a ) explain magnetic field as a field of force produced by current-carrying conductors or by permanent magnets;

16.2 Force on a movingcharge

3 (b) use the formula for the force on a movingcharge ;q= ×F v B

(c) use the equation θ sinqvB F = to definemagnetic flux density B;

(d ) describe the motion of a charged particle parallel and perpendicular to a uniform

magnetic field;

16.3 Force on a current-carrying conductor

3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on astraight current-carrying conductor placed in auniform magnetic field;

( f ) derive and use the equation sin F IlB θ = ;

16.4 Magnetic fields due tocurrents

4 ( g ) state Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the

magnetic field of a straight wire r I

Bπ20μ = ;

(h) use the formulae r NI

B 20μ

= for a circular coiland nI B 0μ = for a solenoid;

16.5 Force between twocurrent-carryingconductors

3(i) derive and use the formula

d l I I μ

F π2

210= for the

force between two parallel current-carryingconductors;

16.6 Determination of the

ratiome

2 ( j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the presence of both magnetic and electric fields(for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);

(k ) explain the principles of the determination of

the ratiome for electrons in Thomson’s

experiment (quantitative treatment is required);

16.7 Hall effect 2 ( l ) explain Hall effect, and derive an expressionfor Hall voltage V H ;

(m) state the applications of Hall effect.



14


17 Electromagnetic Induction

17.1 Magnetic flux

18

1


(a ) define magnetic flux as ;Φ = •B A

17.2 Faraday’s law andLenz’s law

8 (b) state and use Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law;

(c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.in linear conductors and plane coils in uniformmagnetic fields;

17.3 Self induction 5 (d ) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, anddefine self-inductance;

(e) use the formulae E d

and ;

d

I L LI N Φ

t

= − =

( f ) derive and use the equation for the self-

inductance of a solenoid

20 ; N A

Ll

μ =

17.4 Energy stored in aninductor

2 ( g ) use the formula for the energy stored in an

inductor 2

21 LI U = ;

17.5 Mutual induction 2 ( h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction,and define mutual inductance;

(i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance between two coaxial solenoids of the same

cross-sectional area

p

s p0

l

A N N M

μ = .

18 Alternating CurrentCircuits

18.1 Alternating currentthrough a resistor

12

3


(a ) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of analternating current, and calculate its value for

the sinusoidal case only;(b) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t ω =

(c) explain the phase difference between thecurrent and voltage for a pure resistor;

(d ) derive and use the formula for the power in analternating current circuit which consists onlyof a pure resistor;



15


18.2 Alternating currentthrough an inductor

3 (e) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t ω =

( f ) explain the phase difference between thecurrent and voltage for a pure inductor;

( g ) define the reactance of a pure inductor;

(h) use the formula ; L X Lω =

(i) derive and use the formula for the power in analternating current circuit which consists onlyof a pure inductor;

18.3 Alternating current

through a capacitor

3 ( j) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t ω = (k ) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure capacitor;

(l ) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;

(m) use the formula1

;C X C ω

=

(n) derive and use the formula for the power in analternating current circuit which consists onlyof a pure capacitor;

18.4 R-C and R- L circuits inseries

3 (o) define impedance;

( p) use the formula 22 )( C L X X R Z −+= ;

(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R- L circuits.



17


(c) use the formula2

; x

λπ

φ =

(d ) derive and use the relationship ;v f λ =

20.2 Wave intensity 2 (e) define intensity and use the relationship2 ; I A

( f ) describe the variation of intensity with distanceof a point source in space;

20.3 Principle ofsuperposition

1 ( g ) state the principle of superposition;

20.4 Standing waves 4 (h) use the principle of superposition to explainthe formation of standing waves;

(i) derive and interpret the standing waveequation;

( j) distinguish between progressive and standingwaves;

20.5 Electromagnetic waves 2 ( k ) state that electromagnetic waves are made upof electrical vibrations E = E 0 sin (ω t − kx)and magnetic vibrations B = B0 sin (ω t − kx);

(l ) state the characteristics of electromagneticwaves;

(m) compare electromagnetic waves withmechanical waves;

(n) state the formula00

1

μ ε =c , and explain its

significance;

(o) state the orders of the magnitude ofwavelengths and frequencies for differenttypes of electromagnetic waves.

21 Sound Waves

21.1 Propagation of soundwaves

14

2


(a ) explain the propagation of sound waves in airin terms of pressure variation anddisplacement;

(b) interpret the equations for displacement0 sin ( ) y y t kxω = − and pressure

p = p0 sin ;2

t kx π

ω − +



19


22.3 Thin lenses 3(e) use the formula

nu

nv

n nr

1 2 2 1+ = − to derive

the thin lens formula 1 1 1u v f

+ = and

lensmaker’s equation

−

−=

21

1111r r n

n f m

l

m;

( f ) use the thin lens formula and lensmaker’sequation.

23 Wave Optics

23.1 Huygens’s principle

16

1


(a ) state the Huygens’s principle;

(b) use the Huygens’s principle to explaininterference and diffraction phenomena;

23.2 Interference 2 (c) explain the concept of coherence;

(d ) explain the concept of optical path difference,and solve related problems;

(e) state the conditions for constructive anddestructive interferences;

23.3 Two-slit interference pattern

2 ( f ) explain Young’s two-slit interference pattern;

( g ) derive and use the formulaa D λ x = for the

fringe separation in Young’s interference pattern;

23.4 Interference in a thinfilm

2 (h) explain the phenomenon of thin filminterference for normal incident light, andsolve related problems;

23.5 Diffraction by a singleslit

2 ( i) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;

( j) use the formulaa

λθ =sin for the first

minimum in the diffraction pattern for a singleslit;

(k ) use the formula sin θ = aλ

as the resolving

power of an aperture;



20


23.6 Diffraction gratings 3 ( l ) explain the diffraction pattern for a diffractiongrating;

(m) use the formula λmθ d =sin for a diffractiongrating;

(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to formthe spectrum of white light, and to determinethe wavelength of monochromatic light;

23.7 Polarisation 2 (o) state that polarisation is a property oftransverse waves;

( p) explain the polarisation of light obtained byreflection or using a polariser;

(q) use the Brewster’s law tan B ;nθ =

(r ) use the Malus’s law I = I 0 cos 2 θ ;

23.8 Optical waveguides 2 ( s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics andwaveguides;

(t ) state the applications of fibre optics andwaveguides.

24 Quantum Physics

24.1 Photons

20

8

Students should be able to:

(a ) describe the important observations in photoelectric experiments;

(b) recognise the features of the photoelectriceffect that cannot be explained by wave theory,and explain these features using the concept ofquantisation of light;

(c) use the equation E hf = for a photon;

(d ) explain the meaning of work function andthreshold frequency;

(e) use Einstein’s equation for the photoelectric

effect 2max

1;

2hf W mv= +

( f ) explain the meaning of stopping potential, and

use 2s max

1;

2eV mv=



21


24.2 Wave-particle duality 2 ( g ) state de Broglie’s hypothesis;

(h) use the relation ph=λ to calculate de Broglie

wavelength;

(i) interpret the electron diffraction pattern as anevidence of the wave nature of electrons;

( j) explain the advantages of an electronmicroscope as compared to an opticalmicroscope;

24.3 Atomic structure 4 (k ) state Bohr’s postulates for a hydrogen atom;

(l ) derive an expression for the radii of the orbitsin Bohr’s model;

(m) derive the formula222

0

42

8 nh

me Z E n

ε −= for

Bohr’s model;

(n) explain the production of emission line spectrawith reference to the transitions betweenenergy levels;

(o) explain the concepts of excitation energy andionisation energy;

24.4 X-rays 5 ( p) interpret X-ray spectra obtained from X-raytubes;

(q) explain the characteristic line spectrum andcontinuous spectrum including minλ in X-rays;

(r ) derive and use the equation min ;hceV

λ =

( s) describe X-ray diffraction by two paralleladjacent atomic planes;

(t ) derive and use Bragg’s law 2 d sin θ = mλ ;

24.5 Nanoscience 1 ( u) explain the basic concept of nanoscience;

(v) state the applications of nanoscience inelectronics devices.



22


25 Nuclear Physics 14 Candidates should be able to:

25.1 Nucleus 4 ( a ) describe the discovery of protons and neutrons(experimental details are not required);

(b) explain mass defect and binding energy;

(c) use the formula for mass-energy equivalenceΔ E = Δmc2;

(d ) relate and use the units u and eV;

(e) sketch and interpret a graph of binding energy per nucleon against nucleon number;

25.2 Radioactivity 6 ( f ) explain radioactive decay as a spontaneous andrandom process;

( g ) define radioactive activity;

(h) state and use the exponential law N t

N λ −=

dd

for radioactive decay;

(i) define decay constant;

( j) derive and use the formula t N N λ −= e0 ;

(k ) define half-life, and derive the relation

21

2lnt

=λ ;

(l ) solve problems involving the applications ofradioisotopes as tracers in medical physics;

25.3 Nuclear reactions 4 (m) state and apply the conservation of nucleonnumber and charge in nuclear reactions;

(n) apply the principle of mass-energyconservation to calculate the energy released(Q – value) in a nuclear reaction;

(o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusionto the graph of binding energy per nucleonagainst nucleon number;

( p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction tooccur;

(q) describe a controlled fission process in areactor;

(r ) describe a nuclear fusion process which occursin the Sun.



23

The Practical Syllabus

School-based Assessment of Practical (Paper 4)

School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms forcandidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry

out the school-based assessment.

MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by thecandidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in schools in the respective terms. The projectwill be carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified inthe Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MEC Portal(http://www.mpm.edu.my ) during the first term of form six by the subject teachers.

Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experimentso as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one schooldouble period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practicalsessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessmentguidelines prepared by MEC.

A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for two subsequentexaminations. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made during theregistration of the examination.

The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality ofcandidates in the aspects as listed below.

(a) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions.

(b) The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods.

(c) The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully.

(d ) The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and carefulmeasurements.

(e) The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attentiongiven to precision, accuracy and units.

( f ) The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings.

( g ) The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements.

(h) The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms.

(i) The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform erroranalysis and make deductions.

( j) The ability to make conclusions.

(k ) The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.

http://www.mpm.edu.my/

http://www.mpm.edu.my/



24

The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as todevelop soft skills as follows:

(a) communications,

(b) teamwork,

(c) critical thinking and problem solving,

(d ) flexibility/adaptability,

(e) leadership,

( f ) organising,

( g ) information communications and technology,

(h) moral and ethics.

Written Practical Test (Paper 5)

The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates’ understanding of practical procedures in the laboratory.

The following candidates are required to register for this paper:

(a ) individual private candidates,

(b) candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-basedassessment of practical work,

(c) candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools),

(d ) candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years

(in government or private schools).(e) candidates who take Physics other than the package offered by schools.

Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set.MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidateswill be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theorywithin the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.

The questions to be set will test candidates’ ability to:

(a ) record readings from diagrams of apparatus,

(b) describe, explain, suggest, design or comment on experimental arrangements, techniquesand procedures,

(c) complete tables of data and plot graphs,

(d ) interpret, draw conclusions from, and evaluate observations and experimental data,

(e) recognise limitations of experiments and sources of results,

( f ) explain the effect of errors on experimental results,

( g ) suggest precautions or safety measures,

(h) explain theoretical basis of experiments,

(i) use theory to explain or predict experimental results,

( j) perform simple calculations and error analysis based on experiments.



25

Scheme of Assessment

Term ofStudy

Paper Codeand Name Theme/Title Type of Test Mark

(Weighting ) Duration Administration

FirstTerm

960/1PhysicsPaper 1

Mechanics andThermodynamics

Written test

Section A 15 compulsorymultiple-choicequestions to beanswered.

Section B2 compulsorystructured questionsto be answered.

Section C2 questions to beanswered out of 3essay questions.

All questions are based on topics 1 to11.

60(26.67%)

15

15

30

1½ hours Centralassessment

SecondTerm

960/2PhysicsPaper 2

Electricity andMagnetism

Written test

Section A 15 compulsorymultiple-choicequestions to beanswered.

Section B 2 compulsorystructured questionsto be answered.


All questions are based on topics 12to 18.

60(26.67%)

15

15

30




26

Term ofStudy

Paper Codeand Name Theme/Title Type of Test Mark

(Weighting ) Duration Administration

960/3PhysicsPaper 3

Oscillations andWaves, Opticsand ModernPhysics

Written test

Section A15 compulsorymultiple-choicequestions to beanswered.

Section B2 compulsorystructured questionsto be answered.


All questions are based on topics 19to 25.

60(26.67%)

15

15

30


ThirdTerm

960/5PhysicsPaper 5

Written PhysicsPractical

Written practicaltest

3 compulsorystructured questionsto be answered.

45(20%)


First,Second

andThirdTerms

960/4PhysicsPaper 4

Physics Practical School-basedAssessment ofPractical

13 compulsoryexperiments andone project to becarried out.

225To be

scaled to 45(20%)

Through-out the

threeterms

School-basedassessment



27

Performance Descriptions

A Grade A candidate is likely able to:

(a ) recall the fundamental knowledge of Physics from the syllabus with few significantomissions;

(b) show good understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts;

(c) identify the appropriate information and apply the correct techniques to solve problems;

(d ) communicate effectively using logical sequence based on physics fundamentals, includingusage of mathematical expressions, schematic diagrams, tables and graph;

(e) synthesise information from fundamental principles of different content areas in problemsolving;

( f ) show good understanding of the underlying working principles and carry out extensivecalculation in numerical-type questions;

( g ) make adaptations, appropriate assumptions and use the fundamental knowledge of Physics

in analyzing an unfamiliar situation;(h) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;

(i) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;

( j) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.

A Grade C candidate is likely able to:

(a ) recall the knowledge of Physics from most parts of the syllabus;

(b) show some understanding of the main principles and concepts in the syllabus;

(c) present answer using common terminology and simple concepts in the syllabus;

(d ) demonstrate some ability to link knowledge between different areas of Physics;

(e) perform calculation on familiar numerical-type or guided questions;

( f ) show some understanding of the underlying Physics principles when carrying out numericalwork;

( g ) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;

(h) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;

(i) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.



28

Summary of Key Quantities and Units

Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, andtheir interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questionsinvolving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive.

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Base quantities

Amount of matter n molElectric current I ALength l mMass m kgTemperature T KTime t s

Other quantities

Acceleration a m s −2

Acceleration of free fall g m s −2

Activity of radioactive source A s−1, BqAmplitude A mAngular displacement θ °, radAngular frequency ω rad s −1

Angular momentum L kg m 2 rad s −1

Angular speed ω , θ rad s −1

Angular velocity ω , θ rad s −1

Area A m2 Atomic mass ma kgAtomic number (proton number) ZCapacitance C FChange of internal energy ΔU JCharge carrier density n m−3

Coefficient of friction μ Conductivity σ Ω−1m−1

Critical angle θ c ° Current density J A m −2

Decay constant λ s−1

Density ρ kg m −3

Displacement s, x mDistance d mElectric charge Q, q CElectric field strength E N C −1

Electric flux Φ N C −1 m2

Electric potential V VElectric potential difference V , V Δ VElectromotive force ε , E VElectron mass me kg, uElementary charge e CEmissivity eEnergy

E ,

U J

Focal length f mForce F N

.



29

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Force constant k N m −1 Frequency f HzGravitational field strength g N kg −1

Gravitational potential V J kg−1

Half-life t ½ sHeat Q JHeat capacity C J K −1

Image distance v mImpedance Z Ω Intensity I W m −2 Internal energy U JLatent heat L JMagnetic flux Φ WbMagnetic flux density B TMagnification power mMass number (nucleon number) AMass per unit length μ kg m −1 Molar heat capacity C m J K −1 mol −1 Molar mass M kg mol −1

Molecular speed c m s −1

Momentum p N s

Mutual inductance M H Neutron mass mn kg, u Neutron number NObject distance u mPeriod T s

Permeability μ H m−1

Permeability of free space μ 0 H m −1

Permittivity ε F m −1

Permittivity of free space ε 0 F m −1

Phase difference φ °, radPotential energy U JPower P WPressure p PaPrincipal molar heat capacities C V,m ; C p,m J K −1 mol −1 Radius r mRatio of heat capacities γ Reactance X Ω Refractive index nRelative atomic mass Ar

Relative molecular mass M rRelative permeability μ rRelative permittivity ε rResistance R Ω Resistivity ρ Ω mSelf-inductance L HSpecific heat capacity c J K −1 kg−1

Specific latent heat l J kg −1 Speed u, v m s −1 Speed of electromagnetic waves c m s −1



31

960 PHYSICSValues of constants

Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s −2

Avogadro’s constant N A = 6.02 × 10 23 mol −1

Boltzmann’s constant k , k B = 1.38 × 10 −23 J K −1

Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N m 2 kg−2

Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 × 10 −19 C

Mass of the Earth M E = 5.97 × 10 24 kg

Mass of the Sun M S = 1.99 × 10 30 kg

Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K −1 mol −1

Permeability of free space μ 0 = 4π × 10 −7 H m −1

Permittivity of free space ε 0 = 8.85 × 10 −12 F m −1

=19 mF10

36

1 −−×

π

Planck’s constant h = 6.63 × 10 −34 J s

Radius of the Earth RE = 6.38 × 10 6 m

Radius of the Sun RS = 6.96 × 10 8 m

Rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10 −31 kg

Rest mass of proton m p = 1.67 × 10 −27 kg

Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 10 8 m s −1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10 −8 W m −2 K −4

Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 × 10 −27 kg



Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

33

SPECIMEN PAPER

960/1 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Answer all questions in Section A. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. For each

question, four suggested answers are given. Choose the correct answer and circle the answer. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical

answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paperand arrange your answers in numerical order.

Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.

Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUATDEMIKIAN.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah. Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan diberikan. Pilih jawapan yang betul dan buat bulatan pada jawapan tersebut.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan andamengikut tertib berangka.

Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan MalaysiaSTPM 960/1



34

Section A [15 marks ]

Answer all questions in this section .

1 Which formula does not have the same unit as work?

A Power × time B Pressure × volume

C Mass × gravitational potential

D Specific heat capacity × temperature

2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection.Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal range R with the angle of projection θ ?

3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force F which varies with time t as shown in the graph below.

If the change of the momentum of the body after time T is 30 N s, what is the value of T ?

A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s

960/1

C D

10

T t /s

F /N

0



35

Bahagian A [15 markah ]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Rumus yang manakah yang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja?

A Kuasa × masa B Tekanan × isi padu

C Jisim × keupayaan graviti

D Muatan haba tentu × suhu

2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang berbeza. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan ubahan julat mengufuk R dengan sudut pelontaranθ ?

3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.

Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa T ialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T ?

A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s

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C D

10

T t /s

F /N

0



36

4 Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces?

A It is always constant.

B It depends on the surface area.

C It depends on the nature of the surfaces.

D It is always smaller than the kinetic friction.

5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The cararrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t . Which is true of the motion?

A mghmvmu Pt +=+ 22

21

21

B mghmumv Pt +=+ 22

21

21

C 22

2

1

2

1mvmumgh Pt −=+

D 22

21

21

mumvmgh Pt −=+

6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m.If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the carwithout skidding at the corner is

A 4.0 m s −1 B 8.8 m s −1 C 11.8 m s −1 D 140.0 m s −1

7 If the gravitational field strength at a certain region is uniform,

A there is no work done on a mass displaced in that region B the gravitational potential is the same at all points in that region

C the gravitational force on a mass is the same at all points in that region

D the gravitational potential energy is the same for all masses at all points in that region

8 A ladder PQ with the centre of mass R resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.

If the ladder is in equilibrium and the resultant forces at P and Q are F P and F Q respectively, F P and F Q must act through point

A R B S C T D U

960/1

R

P S

U

T

Q



37

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan?

A Ia sentiasa malar.

B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu.

C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu.

D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.

5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukitsetinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t . Yang manakah yang benartentang gerakan itu?

A mghmvmu Pt +=+ 22

21

21

B mghmumv Pt +=+ 22

21

21

C22

21

21

mvmumgh Pt −=+

D 22

21

21

mumvmgh Pt −=+

6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yangmempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah

A 4.0 m s −1 B 8.8 m s −1 C 11.8 m s −1 D 140.0 m s −1

7 Jika kekuatan medan graviti di suatu kawasan adalah seragam,

A tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas jisim yang tersesar di kawasan itu B keupayaan graviti adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu

C daya graviti ke atas jisim adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu

D tenaga keupayaan graviti adalah sama bagi semua jisim di semua titik di kawasan itu

8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisim R yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambarrajah di bawah.

Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah F P dan F Q, F P dan F Q mesti bertindak melalui titik

A R B S C T D U

960/1

R

P S

U

T

Q



38

9 Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid?

A Young’s modulus

B Elastic limit

C Yield point

D Tensile strength

10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 °C from room temperature. Theincrease in the internal energy of the gas is

A 2.0 × 10 2 J B 3.3 × 10 2 J C 7.0 × 10 3 J D 1.2 × 10 4 J

11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees offreedom of the gas?

A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7

12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volume because

A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure

B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure

C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume

D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger atconstant pressure

13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas?

A No work is done on the gas.

B Heat is released from the gas.

C The internal energy of the gas increases.

D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.

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39

9 Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal?

A Modulus Young’s

B Had kenyal

C Titik alah

D Kekuatan tegangan

10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 °C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam bagi gas itu ialah

A 2.0 × 10 2 J B 3.3 × 10 2 J C 7.0 × 10 3 J D 1.2 × 10 4 J

11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gasitu?

A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7

12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molarkerana

A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar

B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar

C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar

D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekananmalar

13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakahyang benar tentang gas itu?

A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas.

B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas.

C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat.

D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.

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40

14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown inthe diagram below.

The length of rod R is two times the length of rod S . The cross-sectional area of rod R is half thecross-sectional area of rod S . If the free ends of R and S are fixed at 100 °C and 50 °C respectively,what is the temperature at the junction of rod R and rod S ?

A 55 °C B 60 °C C 75 °C D 90 °C

15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The

average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K becauseA the Earth reflects the Sun’s light

B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low

C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed

D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches thesurface

960/1

Insulator

Insulator

R100 °C 50 °CS



41

14 Dua rod seragam R dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambungsecara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S . Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luaskeratan rentas rod S . Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 °C and 50 °C,

berapakah suhu pada simpang rod R dan rod S ?

A 55 °C B 60 °C C 75 °C D 90 °C

15 Matahari secara berterusan menyinarkan tenaga ke dalam angkasa, sebahagian daripadanya

diterima oleh Bumi. Purata suhu pada permukaan Bumi kekal pada 300 K keranaA Bumi memantulkan cahaya Matahari

B kekonduksian terma Bumi adalah rendah

C Bumi menyinarkan amaun tenaga yang sama dengan amaun tenaga yang diserapnya ke dalamangkasa

D tenaga hanya meningkatkan suhu atmosfera atas dan tidak pernah sampai ke permukaan

960/1

Penebat

Penebat

R100 °C 50 °CS



42

Section B [15 marks ]


16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm 2 and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of55 N as shown in the diagram below.

(a) Determine the stress in the wire. [2 marks ]

(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire. [2 marks ]

(c) Determine the Young’s modulus of the wire. [2 marks ]

(d ) Calculate the strain energy stored in the wire. [2 marks ]

17 (a) State two assumptions of an ideal gas. [2 marks ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) A 0.035 m 3 gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an idealgas, calculate its pressure at 27 °C. [3 marks ]

[The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol –1.]

960/1

F = 55 N F = 55 N Wire



43

Bahagian B [15 markah ]


16 Satu dawai dengan luas kerata rentas 0.50 mm 2 dan panjang 20.0 cm ditarik di kedua-dua hujungoleh satu daya 55 N seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

(a) Tentukan tegasan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah ]

(b) Jika pemanjangan ialah 0.40 cm, hitung terikan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah ]

(c) Tentukan modulus Young dawai itu. [2 markah ]

(d ) Hitung tenaga terikan yang tersimpan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah ]

17 (a) Nyatakan dua anggapan suatu gas unggul. [2 markah ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Nyatakan dua syarat fizikal yang mana satu gas bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul.[2 markah ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Sebuah tangki gas 0.035 m 3 mengandungi 7.0 kg gas butana. Andaikan bahawa gas itu bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul, hitung tekanannya pada 27 °C. [3 markah ]

[Jisim molekul butana ialah 58 g mol –1.]

960/1

F = 55 N F = 55 N Dawai



44

Section C [30 marks ]

Answer any two questions in this section .

18 (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum. [2 marks ]

(ii) In a perfect elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is conserved. Discuss a case wherethe total kinetic energy is lost completely after a collision between two objects. [2 marks ]

(b) An object of mass M is moving with velocity u, and collides elastically with another object ofmass m at rest. After the collision, M and m move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively.

(i) Write the equations to show the conservation of the kinetic energy and the conservationof the linear momentum. [2 marks ]

(ii) Using the equations in ( b)(i), obtain a relationship between u, v1 and v2. [3 marks ]

(iii) Determine the condition required for the object of mass M to stop after the collision.[3 marks ]

(iv) If M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g and u = 8.0 m s –1, calculate the percentage change in kineticenergy of the object of mass M after the collision. [3 marks ]

19 (a) (i) State Newton’s law of universal gravitation. [2 marks ]

(ii) Explain why the force of gravity of the Earth on an object causes the object toaccelerate towards the Earth. [2 marks ]

(b) The weight of a satellite in a circular orbit around the Earth is half of its weight on the surfaceof the Earth. The mass of the satellite is 8.0 × 10 2 kg.

(i) Determine the altitude of the orbit. [3 marks ]

(ii) Determine the speed of the satellite. [2 marks ]

(iii) Determine the minimum energy required by the satellite to escape from its orbit tospace. [3 marks ]

(iv) If the satellite is replaced with another satellite of mass 1.6 × 10 3 kg, state the effect onyour answers for (i), (ii) and (iii). . [3 marks ]

960/1



45

Bahagian C [30 markah ]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip keabadian momentum linear. [2 markah ]

(ii) Dalam satu perlanggaran elastik yang sempurna, jumlah tenaga kinetik diabadikan.Bincangkan satu kes dengan jumlah tenaga kinetik hilang sepenuhnya selepas perlanggaran antara duaobjek. [2 markah ]

(b) Satu objek berjisim M bergerak dengan halaju u, dan berlanggar secara elastik dengan objeklain berjisim m yang berada dalam keadaan rehat. Selepas perlanggaran, M dan m bergerak masing-masing dengan halaju v1 dan v2.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan untuk menunjukkan keabadian tenaga kinetik dan keabadianmomentum linear. [2 markah ]

(ii) Dengan menggunakan persamaan dalam ( b)(i), dapatkan satu perhubungan antara u , v1,dan v2. [3 markah ]

(iii) Tentukan syarat yang diperlukan bagi objek berjisim M itu untuk berhenti selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah ]

(iv) Jika M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g, dan u = 8.0 m s –1, hitung peratusan perubahan tenagakinetik objek berjisim M itu selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah ]

19 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum kegravitian semesta Newton. [2 markah ]

(ii) Jelaskan mengapa daya graviti Bumi pada satu objek menyebabkan objek itu memecutke arah Bumi. [2 markah ]

(b) Berat satu satelit dalam satu orbit bulat yang mengelilingi Bumi ialah setengah daripada beratnya pada permukaan Bumi. Jisim satelit itu ialah 8.0 × 10 2 kg.

(i) Tentukan altitud orbit itu. [3 markah ]

(ii) Tentukan laju satelit itu. [2 markah ]

(iii) Tentukan tenaga minimum yang diperlukan oleh satelit untuk terlepas dari orbitnya keangkasa. [3 markah ]

(iv) Jika satelit itu digantikan dengan satelit yang lain berjisim 1.6 × 10 3 kg, nyatakan kesan pada jawapan anda dalam (i), (ii), dan (iii). [3 markah ]

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46

20 (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics. [2 marks ]

(ii) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain the changes due to the work done in anisothermal expansion and an adiabatic expansion for an ideal gas. [5 marks ]

(b) A pump which is used to compress air into a big tank is shown in the diagram below.

Initially the air in the pump is at atmospheric pressure 1.01 × 10 5 Pa and temperature 300 K. The pump has a uniform cylindrical space of length 0.300 m, and the valve opens when the air in the pumpexceeds a pressure of 6.25 × 10 5 Pa. Assuming that the compression is adiabatic and that the air

behaves as a diatomic ideal gas, (i) determine the distance for which the piston moves before the air starts to enter the tank,

[4 marks ]

(ii) determine the temperature of the compressed air, [2 marks ]

(iii) determine the work done by the pump to fill 50.0 mol of air into the tank. [2 marks ]

960/1

0.300 m

Valve Piston To tank



47

20 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum termodinamik pertama. [2 markah ]

(ii) Dengan menggunakan hukum termodinamik pertama, jelaskan perubahan yangdisebabkan oleh kerja yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan isoterma dan pengembangan adiabatik

bagi satu gas unggul. [5 markah ]

(b) Satu pam yang digunakan untuk memampatkan udara ke dalam satu tangki besar ditunjukkandalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Pada awalnya udara di dalam pam ialah pada tekanan atmosfera 1.01 × 10 5 Pa dan suhu 300 K.

Pam itu mempunyai ruang silinder yang seragam dengan panjang 0.300 m, dan injap terbuka apabilaudara di dalam pam melebihi tekanan 6.25 × 10 5 Pa. Andaikan bahawa mampatan itu ialah mampatanadiabatik dan udaranya bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul dwiatom,

(i) tentukan jarak pada ketika piston bergerak sebelum udara mula memasuki tangki,[4 markah ]

(ii) tentukan suhu udara yang termampat, [2 markah ]

(iii) tentukan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pam untuk memenuhkan 50.0 mol udara ke dalamtangki itu. [2 markah ]

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0.300 m

Injap PistonKe tangki



48

Values of constants(Nilai Pemalar)

Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s −2

Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) N A = 6.02 × 10 23 mol −1

Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k , k B = 1.38 × 10 −23 J K −1

Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N m 2 kg−2

Magnitude of electroniccharge

(Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 × 10 −19 C

Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) M E = 5.97 × 10 24 kg

Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) M S = 1.99 × 10 30 kg

Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K −1 mol −1

Permeability of free space (Ketelapan ruang bebas) 0 μ

= 4π × 10 −7 H m −1

Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) 0ε = 8.85 × 10 −12 F m −1

= 19 mF1036

1 −−×

π

Planck’s constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 × 10 −34 J s

Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 × 10 6 m

Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 × 10 8 m

Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron) em = 9.11 × 10 −31 kg

Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) pm = 1.67 × 10 −27 kg

Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 × 10 8 m s −1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Stefan-Boltzmann) σ = 5.67 × 10 −8 W m −2 K −4

Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 × 10 −27 kg

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49

SPECIMEN PAPER

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PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)





DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Answer all questions in Section A. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. For each

question, four suggested answers are given. Choose the correct answer and circle the answer. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical

answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paperand arrange your answers in numerical order.

Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.



Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan diberikan. Pilih jawapan yang betul dan buat bulatan pada jawapan tersebut. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan andamengikut tertib berangka.

Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.





50



1 A Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 2.0 μ C in vacuum. What is the electric flux through thesurface?

A 1.8 × 10 −17 V m

B 4.4 × 10 −6 V m

C 1.8 × 10 4 V m

D 2.3 × 10 5 V m

2 Which statement is not true of an isolated charged conducting sphere?

A Electric field exists inside the conductor.

B The potential in the conductor is constant.

C The charge distribution on the conductor is uniform.

D The charge is distributed only on the surface of the conductor.

3 The space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor needs to be completely filled by adielectric material to increase its capacitance. Which will give the highest capacitance?

Dielectric material Permittivity Thickness

A Teflon 2 ε 0 0.4 mm

B Quartz 3 ε 0 0.8 mm

C Glass 4 ε 0 1.0 mm

D Mica 5 ε 0 1.2 mm

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51



1 Satu permukaan Gauss mengurungi cas 2.0 μ C dalam vakum. Berapakah fluks elektrik menerusi permukaan itu?

A 1.8 × 10 −17 V m

B 4.4 × 10 −6 V m

C 1.8 × 10 4 V m

D 2.3 × 10 5 V m

2 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang cas terpencil sfera pengkonduksi?

A Medan elektrik wujud di dalam konduktor.

B Keupayaan di dalam konduktor adalah malar.

C Taburan cas pada konduktor adalah seragam.

D Cas ditaburkan hanya pada permukaan konduktor.

3 Ruang di antara plat-plat satu kapasitor plat selari perlu dipenuhkan selengkapnya dengan bahandielektrik untuk meningkatkan nilai kapasitans. Yang manakah yang akan memberikan kapasitansyang paling tinggi?

Bahan dielektrik Ketelusan Ketebalan

A Teflon 2 ε 0 0.4 mm

B Kuartz 3 ε 0 0.8 mm

C Kaca 4 ε 0 1.0 mm D Mika 5 ε 0 1.2 mm

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53

4 Satu suis S yang disambungkan ke terminal 1 pada masa t = 0 ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajahlitar di bawah.

Apabila bacaan voltmeter telah mencapai V 0 pada masa t = T , suis S ditukar ke terminal 2. Grafyang manakah yang menunjukkan dengan betul ubahan bacaan voltmeter V dengan masa t ?

5 Persamaan yang mengaitkan kekonduksian elektrik σ bahan suatu konduktor dengan kuantiti-

kuantiti lain ialah2

,ne t

mσ = dengan n, e, dan m adalah simbol yang membawa makna yang biasa. t

dalam persamaan itu mewakili

A ketebalan konduktor itu

B min jarak antara atom-atom bersebelahan dalam konduktor itu

C min masa antara perlanggaran elektron bebas dengan ion kekisi

D min masa bagi satu elektron bebas untuk bergerak dari satu hujung konduktor ke hujung yanglain

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S



54

6 When a potential difference V is applied across two ends of a copper wire with diameter d and

length L, the drift velocity of the electrons is v. If a copper wire of diameter2d

and length4

L with

potential difference of 2 V applied across the two ends, the drift velocity, in terms of v, is

A v B 2v C 4v D 8v

7 A cell of e.m.f. ε connected to three identical bulbs R, S and T and a rheostat XY is shown in thecircuit diagram below.

If the contact P of the rheostat is adjusted towards Y , which statement is true of the changes in the brightness of the three bulbs?

A R, S and T become brighter.

B R and T become brighter, but S becomes dimmer.

C R becomes brighter, but S and T become dimmer.

D R and S become brighter, but T becomes dimmer.

8 A potentiometer with a 100 cm wire XY is shown in the circuit diagram below.

E is a dry cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.50 Ω. R is a resistor of 2.0 Ω. When switch K is open, the balance point P from X is 75 cm. When switch K is closed, the new balance point from X is

A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm

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ε S

R

P X

Y

T

X P

Y

K



55

6 Apabila beza keupayaan V dikenakan merentas dua hujung satu dawai kuprum dengan garis pusat

d dan panjang L, halaju hanyut elektron ialah v. Jika satu dawai kuprum bergaris pusat2d

dan panjang

4 L

dengan beza keupayaan 2 V dikenakan merentas dua hujung, halaju hanyut, dalam sebutan v, ialah

A v B 2v C 4v D 8v

7 Satu sel dengan d.g.e ε disambungkan ke tiga mentol R, S , dan T yang seiras dan satu reostat XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.

Jika sesentuh P reostat dilaraskan ke arah Y , penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang perubahan kecerahan tiga mentol itu?

A R, S , dan T menjadi lebih cerah.

B R dan T menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S menjadi malap.

C R menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S dan T menjadi malap.

D R dan S menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi T menjadi malap.

8 Satu potentiometer dengan 100 cm dawai XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.

E ialah sel kering dengan d.g.e. 1.5 V dan rintangan dalam 0.50 Ω. R ialah perintang 2.0 Ω.Apabila suis K dibuka, titik seimbang P daripada X ialah 75 cm. Apabila suis K ditutup, titikseimbang daripada X yang baharu ialah

A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm

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ε S

R

P X

Y

T

X P

Y

K



57

9 Satu elektron bergerak masuk ke dalam medan magnet seragam dengan satu halaju tertentu. Jikahalaju elektron itu adalah searah dengan medan magnet,

A elektron itu memecut

B elektron itu nyahpecutan

C elektron itu terus bergerak dengan halaju asal D elektron itu dipesongkan dan bergerak dalam satu bulatan dengan laju malar

10 Empat dawai selari yang melalui empat bucu satu segi empat sama WXYZ ditunjukkan dalamgambar rajah di bawah.

Dawai-dawai ini membawa arus yang sama magnitudnya mengikut arah yang ditunjukkan.Medan magnet paduan di pusat O segi empat itu ialah dalam arah

A OM B ON C OP D OQ

11 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kesan Hall?

A Voltan Hall pada logam biasa ialah beberapa volt.

B Kesan Hall dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jenis pembawa cas.

C Voltan Hall tidak bergantung pada dimensi sesuatu bahan.

D Daya elektrik oleh voltan Hall pada pembawa cas melebihi daya magnet.

12 Satu gegelung bulat diletakkan dalam medan magnet seragam. Kuantiti yang manakah yang tidak mempengaruhi magnitud aliran cas dalam gegelung apabila gegelung itu ditarik keluar dari medanmagnet?

A Luas gegelung

B Rintangan gegelung

C Ketumpatan fluks magnetD Masa yang diambil untuk menarik gegelung keluar dari medan magnet

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P

W M X

QO

Z N Y



59

13 Induktan saling M antara dua gegelung ditakrifkan sebagaiQ P

M −= . Apakah yang mewakili P

dan Q?

P Q

A D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung primer Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelungsekunder

B D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung sekunder Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung primer

C Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer Beza keupayaan merentas gegelungsekunder

D Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung sekunder Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer

14 Arus ulang-alik I yang mengalir melalui satu perintang 5 Ω diberikan sebagai I = 2 sin (50 t ),dengan I dalam ampere dan t dalam saat. Min kuasa yang terlesap dalam perintang ialah

A 5 W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W

15 Satu litar R-C ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Voltan p.m.k.d. merentas R dan C ialah masing-masing 10 V dan 7 V. Berapakah voltan p.m.k.d.sumber itu?

A 3 V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V

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R C



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16 Two thin conducting plates have an area of 0.50 m 2 each. They are placed parallel to each otherand 25 mm apart. One plate is maintained at +75 V while the other at –75 V by a d.c. supply.

(a ) Define capacitance of a capacitor. [1 mark ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Determine the amount of charge stored on each plate. [4 marks ]

(c) Calculate the energy stored in the electric field between the plates. [2 marks ]

17 (a) State Kirchhoff’s laws. [2 marks ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Cell X of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal resistance 1.0 Ω and cell Y of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internalresistance 2.0 Ω are connected as shown in the circuit diagram below.

(i) Calculate current I 1 and I 2. [4 marks ]

(ii) Determine the potential different between P and Q. [2 marks ]

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P5.0 Ω

Q

I 1 I 2

X Y

I

3.0 Ω



61



16 Dua plat pengkonduksi nipis tiap-tiap satu mempunyai luas 0.50 m 2. Plat-plat itu diletakkan selariantara satu sama lain dan terpisah sejauh 25 mm. Satu plat dikekalkan pada +75 V manakala platyang satu lagi pada –75 V oleh satu bekalan a.t.

(a ) Takrifkan kapasitans satu kapasitor. [1 markah ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Tentukan amaun cas yang tersimpan pada setiap plat. [4 markah ]

(c) Hitung tenaga yang tersimpan dalam medan elektrik di antara plat-plat itu. [2 markah ]

17 (a) Nyatakan hukum Kirchhoff. [2 markah ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Sel X mempunyai d.g.e. 3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 1.0 Ω dan sel Y mempunyai d.g.e.3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 2.0 Ω disambungkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litardi bawah.

(i) Hitung arus I 1 dan I 2. [4 markah ]

(ii) Tentukan beza keupayaan antara P dengan Q. [2 markah ]

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P5.0 Ω

Q

I 1 I 2

X Y

I

3.0 Ω



62


Answer any two questions in this section .

18 (a) Two fixed spherical conductors X and Y which is separated by a distance of 0.50 m is shownin the diagram below.

Conductor X has a radius 0.15 cm and charge +3.0 μ C. Conductor Y has a radius of 0.30 cm andcharge – 0.20 μ C.

(i) Calculate the force between the two spheres. [3 marks ]

(ii) The two spheres are then connected with a thin wire. The wire is then removed fromthe spheres. Calculate the charge on each sphere. [5 marks ]

(b) (i) Using Gauss’s law, explain why a person inside a hollow metallic sphere of radius R maintained at a high electric potential does not experience an electric shock. [4 marks ]

(ii) Sketch a graph of electric field E against distance r for r < R and r > R for the situationin ( b)(i). [4 marks ]

19 (a) Explain microscopically why

(i) metal becomes hot when an electric current flows through it, [2 marks ]

(ii) the resistivity of a metal increases while the resistivity of a semiconductor decreaseswhen the temperature rises. [4 marks ]

(b) A current of 5.0 A flows in a wire of length 1.50 m and cross-sectional area 1.2 mm 2. The potential difference is 6.0 V.

(i) Determine the power dissipated in the wire. [3 marks ]

(ii) Determine the drift velocity of free electrons if the electron density is1.5 × 10 28 m –3. [3 marks ]

(iii) Calculate the force experienced by a free electron if all the power dissipated in the wireis used to drift the free electrons. [3 marks ]

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0.50 m

+3.0 μ C – 2.0 μ C

X Y



63



18 (a) Dua konduktor sfera yang ditetapkan X dan Y yang dipisahkan oleh satu jarak 0.50 mditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Konduktor X mempunyai jejari 0.15 cm dan cas +3.0 μ C. Konduktor Y mempunyai jejari 0.30cm dan cas – 0.20 μ C.

(i) Hitung daya di antara dua sfera itu. [3 markah ]

(ii) Dua sfera itu kemudiannya dihubungkan dengan satu dawai nipis. Dawai itukemudiannya ditanggalkan dari sfera-sfera itu. Hitung cas pada setiap sfera. [5 markah ]

(b) (i) Dengan menggunakan hukum Gauss, jelaskan mengapa seseorang di dalam satu sferalogam lompang berjejari R dikekalkan pada suatu keupayaan elektrik yang tinggi tidak mengalamirenjatan elektrik. [4 markah ]

(ii) Lakar satu graf medan elektrik E lawan jarak r untuk r < R dan r > R bagi situasi dalam(b)(i). [4 markah ]

19 (a) Jelaskan secara mikroskopik mengapa

(i) logam menjadi panas apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya, [2 markah ]

(ii) kerintangan satu logam bertambah manakala kerintangan satu semikonduktor berkurangapabila suhu meningkat. [4 markah ]

(b) Satu arus 5.0 A mengalir dalam satu dawai yang panjang 1.50 m dan luas keratan rentas1.2 mm 2. Beza keupayaan ialah 6.0 V.

(i) Tentukan kuasa terlesap dalam dawai itu. [3 markah ]

(ii) Tentukan halaju hanyut elektron bebas jika ketumpatan elektron ialah 1.5 × 10 28 m –3.[3 markah ]

(iii) Hitung daya yang dialami oleh satu elektron bebas jika semua kuasa yang terlesapdalam dawai itu digunakan untuk menghanyutkan elektron bebas itu. [3 markah ]

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0.50 m

+3.0 C – 2.0 μ C

X Y



64

20 (a) (i) Define magnetic flux density , and state its unit. [3 marks ]

(ii) State two differences between the force due to electric field and the force due tomagnetic field on a charged particle. [2 marks ]

(iii) State Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the magnetic field of a long straight wire.[4 marks ]

(b) A long fixed horizontal wire PQ carries current 80.0 A in the direction QP as shown in thediagram below.

A copper wire RS of diameter 0.40 mm having the same length of PQ hanging horizontally

0.15 m below PQ on two light strings. An e.m.f. source is connected across terminals R and S . If thedensity of copper is 8930 kg m −3, determine the minimum current and its direction needed to flowthrough RS so that the tension in the strings is zero. [6 marks ]

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String 0.15m

80.0A80.0A P Q

R S



65

20 (a) (i) Takrifkan ketumpatan magnetik fluks , dan nyatakan unitnya. [3 markah ]

(ii) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara daya yang disebabkan oleh medan elektrik dengan dayayang disebabkan oleh medan magnet pada satu zarah bercas. [2 markah ]

(iii) Nyatakan hukum Ampere, dan gunakan hukum Ampere untuk terbitkan medan magnetsatu dawai lurus yang panjang. [4 markah ]

(b) Satu dawai panjang mengufuk yang tetap PQ membawa arus 80.0 A dalam arah QP sepertiditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Satu dawai kuprum RS bergaris pusat 0.40 mm mempunyai panjang yang sama dengan PQ tergantung secara mengufuk 0.15 m di bawah PQ pada dua tali ringan. Satu sumber d.g.e. disambungmerentas terminal R dan S . Jika ketumpatan kuprum ialah 8930 kg m −3, tentukan arus minimum danarah yang diperlukannya untuk mengalir melalui RS supaya tegangan dalam tali adalah sifar.

[6 markah ]

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Tali 0.15m

80.0 A80.0 A P Q

R S



66












= 4π × 10 −7 H m −1


= 19 mF1036

1 −−×

π









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68


Answer all questions in this section.

1 A particle of mass m performs a simple harmonic motion with amplitude A and frequency f . Thetotal energy of this simple harmonic motion is

A2

1mA2 f 2 B 2mA2 f 2 C 2π 2mA2 f 2 D 4π 2mA2 f 2

2 A spring-mass system experiences critical damping. Which graph represents the variation of thedisplacement s with time t of the motion of the mass?

3 The oscillations of the particles between consecutive nodes of a standing wave have the same

A amplitude

B phase

C maximum velocityD energy

4 Which statement is not true of an electromagnetic wave?

A It is a transverse wave.

B The expression for its speed is .00ε μ

C It consists of vibrations in magnetic and electric fields.

D It can be polarised.

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69



1 Satu zarah berjisim m melakukan gerakan harmonik ringkas dengan amplitud A dan frekuensi f .Jumlah tenaga gerakan harmonik ringkas ini ialah

A2

1mA2 f 2 B 2mA2 f 2 C 2π 2mA2 f 2 D 4π 2mA2 f 2

2 Satu sistem jisim-spring mengalami pelembapan genting. Graf yang manakah yang mewakiliubahan sesaran s dengan masa t bagi gerakan jisim itu?

3 Ayunan satu zarah antara nod berturutan satu gelombang pegun mempunyai sama

A amplitud

B fasa

C halaju maksimumD tenaga

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gelombang elektromagnet?

A Merupakan gelombang melintang.

B Ungkapan bagi laju ialah .00ε μ

C Terdiri daripada getaran dalam medan magnet dan medan elektrik.

D Boleh dikutubkan.

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5 If the level of intensity of a sound is raised by 10 dB, what is the ratio of the new sound intensityto the original sound intensity?

A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 10 10

6 A guitar wire is 0.80 m long and of mass 5.0 g. If its frequency of fundamental mode of vibration

is 100 Hz, its tension isA 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N

7 Two thin lenses L1 and L2 which are placed coaxially at a distance 30 cm apart is shown in thediagram below.

Each lens has a focal length of 40 cm. If the incident rays to L1 are parallel, the final image whichis produced after the rays pass through lenses L1 and L2 is

A real and located between L1 and L2

B virtual and located between L1 and L2

C real and located on the right side of L2

D virtual and located on the left side of L1

8 A concave mirror produces a virtual image at a distance 60 cm from the mirror. The height of theimage is three times the height of the object. What is the focal length of the concave mirror?

A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm

9 The resolving power of an aperture can be increased by using

A an aperture of smaller diameter

B light with higher frequency

C light with longer wavelength

D light with higher intensity

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L1 L2



71

5 Jika paras keamatan satu bunyi dinaikkan sebanyak 10 dB, berapakah nisbah keamatan bunyi baharu itu kepada keamatan bunyi asal?

A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 10 10

6 Seutas dawai gitar panjangnya 0.80 m dan berjisim 5.0 g. Jika frekuensi getaran mod asasnya

ialah 100 Hz, tegangannya ialahA 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N

7 Dua kanta nipis L1 and L2 yang diletakkan sepaksi pada jarak 30 cm di antara satu sama lainditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Setiap kanta mempunyai jarak fokus 40 cm. Jika sinar tuju ke L1 adalah selari, imej akhir yangterhasil selepas sinar melalui kanta L1 dan L2 adalah

A nyata dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2

B maya dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2

C nyata dan terletak di sebelah kanan L2

D maya dan terletak di sebelah kiri L1

8 Satu cermin cekung menghasilkan satu imej maya pada jarak 60 cm dari cermin. Tinggi imej ialahtiga kali daripada tinggi objek itu. Berapakah panjang fokus cermin cekung itu?

A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm

9 Kuasa pembezaan jelas satu bukaan boleh ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan

A bukaan garis pusat yang lebih kecil

B cahaya dengan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi

C cahaya dengan panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang

D cahaya dengan keamatan yang lebih tinggi

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L1 L2



72

10 Which statement is not true of multimode step index optical fibres?

A The refractive index of the cladding layer is greater than that of the core index.

B The refractive index of the cladding layer is smaller than that of the core index.

C Total internal reflections occur at core-cladding boundaries.

D All wavelengths arrive at the other end of the fibre at different times.

11 When light with wavelength 300 nm incidents on the surface of a metal, photoelectrons withmaximum kinetic energy 2.0 eV are emitted from the surface of the metal. What is the maximumwavelength for the light which can cause this emission of photoelectrons from the surface of themetal?

A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm

12 The characteristic lines in an X-ray spectrum is caused by

A deceleration of the energetic incident electrons while they approach the target

B collision of energetic incident electrons with the target atoms C release of energy when the target atoms undergo ionisation

D transitions of electrons between innermost shells of the target atom

13 Nanoscience is generally known as the study on systems with

A sizes less than one nanometer

B sizes from one to one hundred nanometres

C mass of one to one hundred nanograms

D interaction time of one to one hundred nanoseconds

14 The binding energy per nucleon is

A almost constant when the nucleon number is between 60 and 80

B directly proportional to the nucleon number

C maximum when the nucleon number is between 1 to 20

D maximum when the nucleon number is between 220 to 240

15 The count rate of a radioactive sample was originally 208 s –1 as recorded by a detector. Fourminutes later, the count rate had decreased to 40 s –1. The average background count was found to be16 s –1. What is the half-life of the radioactive sample?

A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s

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73

10 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gentian optik multimod indeks berperingkat?

A Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih besar daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.

B Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih kecil daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.

C Jumlah pesongan dalaman berlaku pada sempadan salutan teras.

D Semua panjang gelombang sampai di hujung yang lain gentian pada masa yang berbeza.

11 Apabila cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 300 nm tuju pada permukaan satu logam, fotoelektrondengan tenaga kinetik maksimum 2.0 eV dipancarkan dari permukaan logam itu. Berapakah panjanggelombang maksimum cahaya yang boleh menyebabkan pancaran fotoelektron ini dari permukaanlogam itu?

A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm

12 Garis cirian dalam spektrum X-ray disebabkan oleh

A nyahpecutan elektron tuju yang bertenaga semasa menghampiri sasaran

B perlanggaran elektron tuju yang bertenaga dengan atom sasaranC pembebasan tenaga apabila atom sasaran mengalami pengionan

D peralihan elektron di antara petala-petala yang paling dalam atom sasaran

13 Nanosains secara umumnya dikenali sebagai kajian terhadap sistem dengan

A saiz yang kurang daripada satu nanometer

B saiz daripada satu nanometer hingga seratus nanometer

C jisim satu nanogram hingga seratus nanogram

D interaksi masa satu nanosaat hingga seratus nanosaat

14 Tenaga pengikat per nukleon ialah

A hampir malar apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 60 dengan 80

B berkadar terus kepada nombor nukleon

C maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 1 hingga 20

D maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 220 hingga 240

15 Kadar bilang satu sampel radioaktif pada asalnya 208 s –1 seperti yang tercatat oleh satu pengesan.Empat minit kemudian, kadar bilang telah berkurang kepada 40 s –1. Purata kadar bilang latar belakangdidapati menjadi 16 s –1. Berapakah setengah hayat sampel radioaktif itu?

A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s

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74


Answer all questions in this section.

16 A body of mass 2.0 kg moves in simple harmonic motion. The displacement x from theequilibrium position at time t is given by 6.0cos 0.22 t π = , where x is in metres and t in seconds.

(a ) Determine is the amplitude and the period of the simple harmonic motion. [3 marks ]

(b) Calculate the maximum acceleration of the motion. [2 marks ]

(c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the body at time t = 3 seconds. [3 marks ]

17 In an electron diffraction experiment, an electron beam which is accelerated on a potentialdifference is incident normally on a very thin gold film. Several circular diffraction rings are seen on a

photographic film.(a) If the voltage at the anode is increased, what happens to the circular rings? [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) If a particular ring of radius R is chosen and different values of accelerating voltage V are

recorded, sketch a graph of R against1

V . Deduce that the experiment is in agreement with de

Broglie’s hypothesis. [6 marks ]

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75



16 Satu jasad berjisim 2.0 kg bergerak dalam gerakan harmonik ringkas. Sesaran x daripadakedudukan keseimbangan pada masa t berikan oleh 6.0cos 0.22 x t π = , dengan x dalam meter dan t dalam saat.

(a ) Tentukan amplitud dan tempoh gerakan harmonik ringkas itu? [3 markah ]

(b) Hitung pecutan maksimum gerakan itu. [2 markah ]

(c) Hitung tenaga kinetik jasad itu pada masa t = 3 saat. [3 markah ]

17 Dalam satu uji kaji belauan elektron, satu alur elektron yang dipecutkan pada satu beza keupayaan

menuju secara normal pada satu filem emas yang sangat nipis. Beberapa gelang belauan bulat dilihat pada satu filem fotograf.

(a ) Jika voltan pada anod ditingkatkan, apakah yang terjadi pada gelang bulat itu? [1 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Jika satu gelang tertentu yang berjejari R dipilih dan nilai berbeza voltan pecutan V

direkodkan, lakar graf R lawan1

V . Deduksikan bahawa uji kaji itu bersetuju dengan hipotesis de

Broglie. [6 markah ]

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76


Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) The displacement y at distance x and time t of a sound wave propagating in air can berepresented by

y = 7.5 × 10 −4 sin (315 t − 1.05 x),

where x and y are in metres and t in seconds.

(i) Sketch, on the same axes, graphs of y against x at times t = 0 and t =4T

, where T is the

period of the wave. [2 marks ]

(ii) Determine the velocity and the frequency of the wave. [4 marks ]

(iii) Calculate the phase difference between the origin and a point 2.0 m from it. [3 marks ]

(b) (i) What is meant by Doppler effect ? [2 marks ]

(ii) Describe the principle of Doppler radar used by the police to determine the speed of anautomobile. [4 marks ]

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77



18 (a) Sesaran y pada jarak x dan masa t suatu gelombang bunyi yang merambat di udara bolehdiwakili oleh

y = 7.5 × 10 −4 sin (315 t − 1.05 x),

dengan x dan y dalam meter dan t dalam saat.

(i) Lakar, pada paksi yang sama, graf y lawan x pada masa t = 0 dan t =4T

, dengan T kala

gelombang itu. [2 markah ]

(ii) Tentukan halaju dan frekuensi gelombang itu. [4 markah ]

(iii) Hitung beza fasa di antara asalan dengan satu titik 2.0 m dari asalan. [3 markah ]

(b) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kesan Doppler ? [2 markah ]

(ii) Perihalkan prinsip radar Doppler yang digunakan oleh polis untuk menentukan lajusesebuah kenderaan. [4 markah ]

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78

19 (a) (i) State the principle of superposition. [2 marks ]

(ii) Explain the conditions needed to obtain a well-defined interference pattern. [4 marks ]

(b) The set-up for a Young’s double slit experiment is shown in the diagram below.

The fringe pattern observed has fringe separation of 1.6 mm.

(i) Ifa

D is 2500, calculate the wavelength of the red light that passes through the filter.

[2 marks ](ii) A blue filter is inserted to replace the red filter. Suggest what can be done to the set-up

to obtain the fringe pattern of the same fringe separation as in ( b)(i). [2 marks ]

(iii) If a thin sheet of mica with refractive index 1.58 is placed in front of the upper slit,explain the changes occurred to the fringe pattern. [2 marks ]

(iv) Given that the thickness of mica in ( b)(iii) is 6.64 µm, calculate the shift of fringe

pattern usinga

D = 2500 and λ = 450 nm. [3 marks ]

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a

Redfilter D

Screen

Lightsource



79

19 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip superposisi. [2 markah ]

(ii) Jelaskan syarat yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh satu corak interferen yang jelas.[4 markah ]

(b) Susunan bagi satu uji kaji dua celah Young ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Corak pinggir yang dicerap mempunyai pemisahan pinggir 1.6 mm.

(i) Jika

a

D ialah 2500, hitung panjang gelombang cahaya merah yang melepasi melalui

penapis itu. [2 markah ]

(ii) Satu penapis biru dimasukkan untuk menggantikan penapis merah itu. Cadangkanapakah yang boleh dibuat kepada susunan untuk memperoleh corak pinggir dengan pemisahan pinggirsama seperti dalam ( b)(i). [2 markah ]

(iii) Jika satu keping mika yang nipis dengan indeks biasan 1.58 diletakkan di hadapancelah atas, jelaskan perubahan yang berlaku pada corak pinggir itu. [2 markah ]

(iv) Diberikan bahawa tebal mika dalam ( b)(iii) ialah 6.64 µm, hitung anjakan corak

pinggir menggunakana

D = 2500 dan λ = 450 nm. [3 markah ]

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a

Penapismerah D

Tabir

Sumbercahaya



80

20 (a) (i) Explain nuclear fusion reaction. [2 marks ]

(ii) State the conditions for nuclear fusion. [2 marks ]

(b) Solar energy is produced by fusion reactions in the Sun. One of the fusion processes is knownas proton-proton cycle which involves reactions as shown below.

Reaction 1: 101

21

11

11 HHH Q++→+ β

Reaction 2: 232

11

21 HeHH Q+→+

Reaction 3: 311

42

32

32 H2HeHeHe Q++→+

Q1, Q2 and Q3 are energies released.

(i) Determine Q1, in Joules, released in Reaction 1. [3 marks ]

(ii) Determine the number of protons required to form a helium nucleus He42 in the above

continuous reactions. [2 marks ](iii) Determine the total energy, in Joules, released in forming a helium nucleus He 4

2 .[2 marks ]

(iv) The Sun radiates 4.0 × 10 26 W at a constant rate and the total mass of protons in the Sunis 2.0 × 10 30 kg. Determine the approximate life span of the Sun if it radiates energy by the proton-

proton cycle reaction. [4 marks ]

[Atomic mass of 11H is 1.00728 u, atomic mass of 2

1H is 2.01355 u, atomic mass of 01 β is

0.00055 u and atomic mass of 42 He is 4.00150 u.]

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81

20 (a) (i) Jelaskan tindak balas pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah ]

(ii) Nyatakan syarat bagi pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah ]

(b) Tenaga suria dihasilkan oleh tindak balas pelakuran dalam Matahari. Satu daripada proses pelakuran dikenal sebagai kitar proton-proton yang melibatkan tindak balas seperti yang ditunjukkan

di bawah.

Tindak balas 1: 101

21

11

11 HHH Q++→+ β

Tindak balas 2: 232

11

21 HeHH Q+→+

Tindak balas 3: 311

42

32

32 H2HeHeHe Q++→+

Q1, Q2, dan Q3 ialah tenaga yang dibebaskan.

(i) Tentukan Q1, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan oleh Tindak balas 1. [3 markah ]

(ii) Tentukan nombor proton yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan satu nukleus heliumHe4

2 dalam tindak balas selanjar di atas. [2 markah ]

(iii) Tentukan jumlah tenaga, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan dalam pembentukan satunukleus helium He4

2 . [2 markah ]

(iv) Matahari memancarkan 4.0 × 10 26 W pada kadar malar dan jumlah jisim proton dalamMatahari ialah 2.0 × 10 30 kg. Tentukan anggaran tempoh hayat Matahari jika Matahari memancarkantenaga melalui tindak balas kitar proton-proton. [4 markah ]

[Jisim atom 11H ialah 1.00728 u, jisim atom

21H ialah 2.01355 u, jisim atom 0

1 β ialah 0.00055 u

dan jisim atom 42 He ialah 4.00150 u.]

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82












= 4π × 10 −7 H m −1


= 19 mF1036

1 −−×

π









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STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

84

Experiment

Topic: Direct current circuit

Title: Potentiometer

Objective: To determine the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer

Theory:

E.m.f. of the cell = ε .

Internal resistance of the cell = r .

With switch S 1 closed while switch S 2 open, obtain the balance length l o. With both S 1 and S 2 closed, obtain the balance length l .

Then,

o

o

1

1

11

V Ir

V r

I V

r V R

r RV

l r R

l

l r

l R

ε

ε

ε

ε

= +−=

−=

= − = −

= +

Graph of ol l

against1

R should be linear and the gradient is r .

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Dry cell

l

AccumulatorS 1

S 1



STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

85

Apparatus:

(i) A potentiometer

(ii) A resistor-pack

(iii) Two on-off switches

(iv) A jockey

(v) A 2 V accumulator

(vi) A 1.5 V dry cell

(vii) A centre-zero galvanometer

Procedure:

(a ) With S 1 closed and S 2 open, determine the balance length l o.

(b) With both S 1 and S 2 closed, determine the balance length l for various values of R.

(c) Plot a graph of ol l

against1

R.

(d ) Calculate the internal resistance r of the cell.

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86




87

SPECIMEN PAPER

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PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)





DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions. Write your answer in the spaces provided. All working should be shown.

Numerical answers should be given to an appropriate number of significant figures; units shouldbe quoted where appropriate.



Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan. Semua kerjahendaklah ditunjukkan.

Jawapan berangka hendaklah diberikan hingga bilangan angka bererti yang sesuai ; unithendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai.





89

1 Kadar kehilangan haba t

Q

d

d satu jasad panas pada suhu θ kepada persekitaran pada suhu 0θ

diberikan oleh

),(d

d0θ θ −= kA

t

Q

dengan k pemalar yang bergantung pada sifat permukaannya dan A luas permukaan jasad yangterdedah kepada persekitaran. Kadar kehilangan tenaga terma daripada jasad itu diberikan oleh

t mc

t

Q

d

d

d

d θ −= ,

dengan m jisim jasad dan c muatan haba tentu jasad itu. Oleh itu

)(d

d0θ θ

θ −−=mc

kA

t .

Susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar penyejukan satu jasadditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Bermula dengan air yang hampir mendidih, pelajar itu mencatat suhu θ air panas pada masa t bagi

setiap selang lima minit, dengan suhu persekitaran 0θ = 27 °C. Pelajar itu kemudian memplot graf θ lawan t seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman __.

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Termometer

Bikar

Air panas

Pengacau

Penutup kayu

Pelapik kayu



90

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91

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Graf θ lawan t



92

(a) On the graph of θ against t , draw tangent lines at θ = 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C,

and determine the corresponding slopest d

dθ . Tabulate θ , )( 0θ θ − and

t d

dθ . [5 marks ]

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93

(a) Pada graf θ lawan t , lukis garis tangen pada θ = 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, dan 80 °C, dan

tentukan kelerengant d

dθ yang sepadan. Jadualkan θ , (θ − θ 0), dan

t d

dθ . [5 markah ]

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94

(b) Plot a graph oft d

dθ against )( 0θ θ − . [5 marks ]

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95

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(b) Plot graf 0

dlawan ( ).

dt

θ θ θ − [5 markah ]



96

(c) State two precautionary measures which need to be taken so that the variation of temperatureθ of hot water with time t in the cooling process gives a good result. [2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) Given that m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg −1 K −1 and A = 0.1 m 2. Based on the graph oft d

dθ

against )( 0θ θ − , determine the value of k for the apparatus set-up. [3 marks ]

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97

(c) Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil supaya ubahan suhu θ air panasdengan masa t dalam proses penyejukan itu memberikan keputusan yang baik. [2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) Diberikan m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg −1 K −1, dan A = 0.1 m 2. Berdasarkan graft d

dθ

lawan )( 0θ θ − , tentukan nilai k bagi susunan radas itu. [3 markah ]

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99

2 Susunan radas untuk menentukan kerintangan seutas dawai ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajahdi bawah.

Pada mulanya seutas dawai yang panjangnya ditempatkan di antara O dengan P . Suis ditutup

dan bacaan ammeter I direkodkan. Joki kemudian disentuhkan dan digelongsorkan pada dawaitersebut sehingga bacaan I yang asal diperoleh di titik J . Jarak x kemudian diukur dan direkodkan. Ujikaji ini diulangi dengan menggunakan nilai yang berlainan.

Bacaan , I , dan x yang diperoleh adalah seperti yang berikut.

( ± 0.1) cm 105 100 95 90 85

( I ± 0.01) A 0.72 0.74 0.80 0.82 0.84

( x ± 0.1) cm 64.0 63.3 55.7 52.7 51.5

Garis pusat D dawai untuk tiga pengukuran yang berlainan direkodkan sebagai 0.56 mm,0.57 mm, dan 0.56 mm.

Kerintangan ρ dawai tersebut diberikan sebagai Ix

E D

4

2π ρ = , dengan E sebagai d.g.e. sel kering.

(a) Jika E = 1.5 V, hitung nilai ρ dan ralatnya tanpa menggunakan kaedah bergraf. [4 markah ]

(b) Perihalkan satu kaedah ringkas untuk menentukan d.g.e. sel kering itu. [2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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PO J

Akumulator Suis

Sel kering

Joki

Dawai gelongsor



100

(c) The position of J determined in this experiment is called the balance point. With the aid of adiagram, describe another way to determine the position of J using the same apparatus and agalvanometer. [2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) In this experiment, it was found that the accuracy of the experiment would increase when alonger slide wire was used. Explain why this is the case. [2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Suggest two precautions which should be taken in order to increase the accuracy of theexperiment. [2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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101

(c) Kedudukan J yang ditentukan dalam uji kaji ini disebut titik keseimbangan. Dengan bantuangambar rajah, perihalkan satu cara lain untuk menentukan kedudukan J dengan menggunakan radasyang sama dan sebuah galvanometer. [2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) Dalam uji kaji ini, didapati bahawa kejituan uji kaji akan meningkat apabila dawai gelongsoryang lebih panjang digunakan. Jelaskan mengapa hal ini demikian. [2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Cadangkan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan uji kajiini. [2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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102

( f ) Using the data and resistivity formula given, describe briefly the graphical method todetermine the resistivity ρ of wire. [3 marks ]

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103

( f ) Dengan menggunakan data dan rumus kerintangan yang diberikan, perihalkan secara ringkaskaedah bergraf untuk menentukan kerintangan ρ dawai. [3 markah ]



104

3 (a) State a simple method to estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) An apparatus set-up to determine the focal length of a convex lens is shown in the diagram below. A light bulb was used as an object.

A student obtained several object distances u and the corresponding image distances v. A graphof v against u was then plotted as shown on page . A graph of v = u was also drawn.

Determine the focal length 1 f of the convex lens from the graphs. [3 marks ]

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105

3 (a) Nyatakan kaedah ringkas untuk menganggar panjang fokus satu kanta cembung. [1 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Susunan radas untuk menentukan panjang fokus satu kanta cembung ditunjukkan sepertidalam gambar rajah di bawah. Satu mentol digunakan sebagai objek.

Seorang pelajar memperoleh beberapa jarak objek u dan jarak imej v yang sepadan. Satu graf v lawan u kemudian diplot seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman . Graf v = u juga dilukis.

Tentukan panjang fokus 1 f kanta cembung dari graf itu. [3 markah ]

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Kantacembung

MentolPlastisin

Tabir



106

raph of v against u

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107

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Graf v lawan u



108

(c) A concave lens was then placed in contact with the convex lens to form a combined lens asshown in the diagram below. The experiment was repeated.

(i) The results were recorded. Complete the table. [2 marks ]

u/cm v/cmu

1/cm −1

v1

/cm −1

100.00 25.567.0 30.0

50.0 35.9

40.0 38.5

33.0 57.0

25.0 154.0

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109

(c) Satu kanta cekung kemudian diletakkan bersentuhan dengan kanta cembung itu untukmembentuk satu kanta gabungan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Uji kajidiulangi.

(i) Keputusan direkodkan. Lengkapkan jadual ini. [2 markah ]

u/cm v/cm u

1/cm

−1

v1

/cm−1

100.00 25.5

67.0 30.0

50.0 35.9

40.0 38.5

33.0 57.0

25.0 154.0

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Kantacembung

MentolPlastisin

Tabir Kanta

cekung



110

(ii) Plot a graph ofv

1 against

u1

, and extrapolate the line to intersect both the axes.

[3 marks ]

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112

(iii) Write down the value of the intercept on each axis, and determine the focal length f ofthe combined lens. [2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Based on your graph, state two reasons why the experiment is considered not accurate.[2 marks ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) The focal length f of the combined lens is related to the focal length f 1 of the convex lens andthe focal length f 2 of the concave lens by the equation

21

111

f f f += .

Calculate the focal length f 2 of the concave lens. [2 marks ]

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(iii) Tulis nilai pintasan pada setiap paksi, dan tentukan panjang fokus f kanta gabungan.[2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan dua sebab mengapa uji kaji itu dianggap tidak jitu.[2 markah ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d ) Panjang fokus f kanta gabungan dihubungkan dengan panjang fokus f 1 kanta cembung dan panjang fokus f 2 kanta cekung oleh persamaan

21

111

f f f += .

Hitung panjang fokus f 2 kanta cekung itu. [2 markah ]

mpm physics, syllabus, specimen papers & specimen experiments.pdf

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